Antibacterial effect of Allium sativum cloves and Zingiber officinale rhizomes against multiple-drug resistant clinical pathogens

Objective

To evaluate the antibacterial properties of Allium sativum (garlic) cloves and Zingiber officinale (ginger) rhizomes against multi-drug resistant clinical pathogens causing nosocomial infection.

Methods

The cloves of garlic and rhizomes of ginger were extracted with 95% (v/v) ethanol. The ethanolic extracts were subjected to antibacterial sensitivity test against clinical pathogens.

Results

Anti-bacterial potentials of the extracts of two crude garlic cloves and ginger rhizomes were tested against five gram negative and two gram positive multi-drug resistant bacteria isolates. All the bacterial isolates were susceptible to crude extracts of both plants extracts. Except Enterobacter sp. and Klebsiella sp., all other isolates were susceptible when subjected to ethanolic extracts of garlic and ginger. The highest inhibition zone was observed with garlic (19.45 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The minimal inhibitory concentration was as low as 67.00 µg/mL against P. aeruginosa.

Conclusions

Natural spices of garlic and ginger possess effective anti-bacterial activity against multi-drug clinical pathogens and can be used for prevention of drug resistant microbial diseases and further evaluation is necessary.     

姜附通痹合剂治疗膝骨关节炎108例临床分析

目的：观察姜附通痹合剂治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效及作用机理。方法：将2009年1月1日至2011年12月31日入院的膝骨关节炎患者随机分成两组,治疗组服用补肾通督胶囊及姜附通痹舍剂,对照组服用补肾通督胶囊及双氯酚酸钠缓释胶囊。4周后,观察两组治疗前后双膝关节的疼痛、肿胀、压痛、关节屈伸活动及全身症状与不良反应。结果：两组关节临床症状治疗后均较治疗前明显减轻,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义（19〈O．05）,治疗组总有效率为97．2％,对照组总有效率为84．1％,治疗组总有效率高于对照组（P〈0．05）,治愈率及显效率优于对照组（P〈0．05）。治疗组在治疗后关节疼痛、肿胀、畏寒方面的改善明显优于对照组（19〈0．05）;对照组不良反应例数多于治疗组（P〈0．05）。结论：姜附通痹合剂治疗膝骨关节炎有明显的临床疗效。     

按压内关穴配合生姜片含服防治妇科术后恶心呕吐的效果观察

目的 探讨按压内关穴配合生姜片含服对妇科术后恶心呕吐的预防方法及效果.方法 将100例妇科手术后患者随机分为对照组和观察组,两组患者术毕回病房后,对照组术后予妇科常规护理,观察组术毕即予按压内关穴位,患者清醒配合即予备好的生姜片含服,观察两组术后恶心呕吐疗效.结果 观察组只有2例无效,有效率达96％,4例使用止吐药,用药率只有8％,与对照组比较,观察组患者恶心呕吐发生率及严重程度较轻,统计结果具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 按压内关穴配合生姜片含服能有效防治妇科术后恶心呕吐,安全方便易行,具有重要临床意义.     

辨证分型选穴隔姜灸蒙脱石散治疗慢性腹泻随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察辨证分型选穴隔姜灸蒙脱石散治疗慢性腹泻疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将100例住院及门诊患者按随机数字表法分为两组。蒙脱石散3g/次,3次/d。对照组50例诺氟沙星胶囊0.1~0.2g/次,2~3次/d,空腹口服;环丙沙星片0.25g/次,2次/d,空腹口服。治疗组50例辨证分型选穴隔姜灸,灸前行二便,取厚0.2~0.3mm,直径2~3cm生姜薄片,刺入多孔,置艾柱上,放应灸穴位,点燃,5~10次,可多次燃烧施灸,部位呈红晕无泡终止,1次/d,避免烫伤。脾胃虚弱足三里、脾俞、中脘、气海,脾肾阳虚脾俞、中院、气海、命门、足三里、肾俞、天枢,肝郁脾虚脾俞、肝俞、公孙、足三里、天枢、太冲,脾虚夹湿中脱、足三里、脾俞、气海、三阴交。连续治疗28d为1疗程。观测临床症状、不良反应。连续治疗1疗程,判定疗效。[结果]治疗组痊愈11例,显效22例,有效16例,无效1例,总有效率98.00%。对照组痊愈7例,显效14例,有效11例,无效18例,总有效率64.00%。治疗组疗效优于对照组（P〈0.05）。[结论]辨证分型选穴隔姜灸蒙脱石散治疗慢性腹泻效果显著,值得推广。     

腹部铺灸治疗虚寒型胃痛疗效观察

目的 观察腹部铺灸治疗虚寒型胃痛的临床疗效。方法 将60例虚寒型胃痛患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,每组30例。治疗组采用腹部铺灸治疗,对照组采用口服附子理中丸治疗,比较两组临床疗效。结果 治疗组总有效率为93.3%,对照组为83.3%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论 腹部铺灸是一种治疗虚寒型胃痛的有效方法。     

Appetizer administration stimulates food consumption, weight gain and leptin levels in male Wistar rats

Appetizers based on different spices/herbs are highly acceptable but evaluation of their functionality needs more attention. The present study, investigated the effects of appetizers on food consumption, weight gain, and leptin levels in male Wistar rats. Three appetizers, namely ginger beverage, ajowan beverage, and karpurvalli beverage were administered to groups of rats. The fasting leptin levels ranged from 0.75 to 2.5 ng/ml, while weights were in the range of 147-201 g. Decreased (3.4-10.8%) leptin levels following the consumption of appetizers indicated their appetizing effect, with a greater reduction (p < 0.05) for ginger beverage and karpurvalli beverage. Weight gain after 10 days was 7.68% in the control group whereas it was 11.20 and 13.26% in rats fed with ginger and karpurvalli beverages, respectively. However, food consumption was higher in all the appetizer groups than in the controls.     

Non-pharmacological treatment of Helicobacter pylori

Many food and plant extracts have shown in vitro antiHelicobacter pylori(H.pylori)activity,but are less effective in vivo.The anti-H.pylori effects of these extracts are mainly permeabilitization of the membrane,anti-adhesion,inhibition of bacterial enzymes andbacterial grown.We,herein,review treatment effects of cranberry,garlic,curcumin,ginger and pistacia gum against H.pylori in both in vitro,animal studies and in vivo studies.     

隔姜灸预防化疗所致恶心呕吐的对照实验

目的 观察隔姜艾灸足三里预防化疗所致的恶心呕吐的效果,探索用祖国传统医学的方法减轻化疗胃肠道不良反应的可行性。方法 采用前瞻性自身交叉对照法。将30例病例分为三组,每组均化疗3周期,3周期中采用艾灸—昂丹司琼—艾灸+昂丹司琼三种方法循环使用,观察各组的恶心呕吐情况和化疗前1天、化疗后第1天、第9天的血清5-HT（五羟色胺）水平。结果 三组的止吐有效率分别为80.0%、83.3%和93.3%,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;化疗前1天、化疗后第1天、第9天三组间血清5-HT水平差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;艾灸组和艾灸+药物组化疗后第9天的血清5-HT水平均明显低于化疗后第1天,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;药物组化疗后第9天5-HT水平与化疗后第1天相比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 艾灸与昂丹司琼止吐机制不同,但效果相近,且艾灸费用低廉、不良反应小、操作简便,值得临床推广。中西医结合使用效果更佳。     

Ginger to reduce nausea and vomiting during pregnancy: evidence of effectiveness is not the same as proof of safety

Ginger is a common traditional remedy taken by numerous women experiencing nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP). There is considerable evidence to support its effectiveness as an anti-emetic, but also increasing concern over its safety. Ginger is a powerful herbal medicine which acts pharmacologically and thus has specific indications, contraindications, precautions and side-effects, the most notable of which is an anticoagulant action. Midwives and other professionals advising women in early pregnancy about strategies for coping with NVP should be aware of the risks and benefits of ginger in order to provide comprehensive and safe information to expectant mothers.This paper reviews some of the contemporary research evidence which demonstrates that ginger is not a universally appropriate or safe choice for women with NVP and offers a checklist for professionals advising expectant mothers.     

针刺配合隔姜灸治疗原发性痛经疗效观察

目的观察针刺配合隔姜灸治疗原发性痛经的疗效。方法 80例患者按随机单盲的方法分为针灸组40例,西药组40例,连续治疗3个月经周期后观察疗效。结果针灸组总有效率为85.0%,西药组为70.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论针刺配合隔姜灸治疗痛经有较好的疗效。