干姜对小鼠抗应激能力的影响

目的研究干姜提取液对小鼠抗应激能力的影响。方法采用强迫游泳法测定小鼠的游泳时间、常压耐缺氧法、热应激及冷应激来测定小鼠的存活时间;通过测定小鼠血清和肝匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性及丙二醛(MDA)的含量,观察干姜提取液对小鼠各种有害刺激的影响。结果干姜提取液在一定浓度连续灌胃(ig)给药14d,能显著延长小鼠的游泳时间(P<0.05或P<0.01)和小鼠常压耐缺氧的存活时间,提高热应激和冷应激小鼠的存活率(P<0.05或P<0.01),肝匀浆中的SOD、CAT活性增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)、MDA水平下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论干姜提取液能增强小鼠的抗疲劳能力、延长常压缺氧小鼠的存活时间、提高低温及高温环境下小鼠的存活率,提高机体对外界应激的反应能力。     

几种中西药抗人实验模拟运动病效果观察

目的 :选用中药“治晕灵”的主要成分生姜、明天麻等六味草药煎成汤剂、或半量汤剂配西药脑益嗪、山莨菪碱各1 4临床常用量配成复方中西药制剂 ,与目前常用抗晕药晕海宁等中、西药的药效进行比较 ,看中药制剂或中西药复方制剂是否具有较好的抗运动病效果。方法 :选 7名敏感被试者 (女性 ,19～ 2 1岁 ) ,用旋转刺激诱发运动病至出现恶心。按拉丁方设计 ,与安慰剂 (淀粉 10 0mg)及晕海宁 (5 0mg)进行对比 ,分别观察了生姜合剂 (30ml)、晕可平 (30ml)、山莨菪碱 (10mg)、脑益嗪 (2 5mg)及上述复方中西药制剂口服后的运动病耐力。结果 :与安慰剂比较 ,晕海宁、山莨菪碱、脑益嗪、晕可平、生姜合剂、复方中西药制剂分别使运动病耐力提高 5 .4%、7.5 %、5 .9%、7.4%、32 .3 %、2 0 .4% ;生姜合剂效果较优 ,除口服时有辛辣味外 ,无明显的副作用。复方中西药制剂各成分未显示协同作用 ,而只是简单的作用相加。结论 :生姜合剂具有较好的抗运动病作用     

自制中药敷包与隔姜灸、口香糖咀嚼在妇产科手术术后腹胀患者中的应用效果比较

目的探讨自制中药敷包与隔姜灸、口香糖咀嚼在对妇产科手术患者术后腹胀中的应用效果。方法选取2017年1月至2019年1月本院妇产科手术术后腹胀患者80例,在患者知情同意的情况下,遵照其意愿将其分为A组38例和B组42例,术后1 d,A组给予自制中药敷包,B组予以隔姜灸联合咀嚼口香糖,比较两组患者腹胀相关指标及术后1,2 d疼痛程度。结果A组肠鸣音恢复时间、首次排气时间、首次排便时间、腹胀缓解时间及下床活动时间均短于B组(P<0.05);A组术后第1天、第2天疼痛程度低于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于妇产科术后腹胀患者自制中药敷包在预防及缓解术后腹胀、腹痛程度方面优于隔姜灸与口香糖咀嚼。     

生姜煎水在血液透析动静脉内瘘护理中的应用

目的:探讨生姜煎水在血液透析动静脉内瘘护理中的应用效果。方法:将2010年1月~2013年1月我科120例维持性血液透析患者随机等分为对照组和观察组。对照组采用远心端逆向穿刺法,于透析结束24 h应用喜疗妥外涂于自体动静脉内瘘(AVF)后湿热敷;观察组采用近心端正向穿刺法,于透析过程中在AVF远心端采用生姜水湿热敷。结果:14个月后两组患者血尿素氮、血肌酐、尿素清除指数比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组血管狭窄、血管瘤、内瘘血管管疼痛、血流量不足发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:透析中生姜水热敷保护动静脉内瘘的效果明显,可促进内瘘成熟,延长AVF使用时间。     

隔姜灸预处理对老年留置尿管病人拔管后第1次排尿的影响

目的探讨隔姜灸预处理对老年留置尿管病人拔管后第1次排尿的影响。方法将81例留置尿管病人分成对照组和观察组。对照组33例,在拔尿管前3d定时夹管开放,训练膀胱功能;观察组48例在对照组基础上于拔管前3d行隔姜灸,每天2次,取气海、关元、中极3个穴位。结果观察组拔管后2,4,6,8h内排尿率与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义。结论隔姜灸预处理可有效改善老年留置尿管病人拔管后第1次排尿情况。     

Species differences in the prokinetic effects of ginger

This study describes the prokinetic actions of the aqueous extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale). Ginger extract (Zo.Cr), which tested positive for saponins, terpenes, phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids, showed a spasmogenic effect in isolated guinea-pig ileum with 8–50 times more potency than in rabbit jejunum and ileum and rat stomach fundus and ileum. Spasmogenicity in all the gut preparations except in guinea-pig ileum was atropine-sensitive. Zo.Cr exhibited a stimulant effect in vivo in mice and enhanced the intestinal transit of charcoal meal. A spasmolytic effect, mediated via Ca^2?+? antagonist activity, was also exhibited by Zo.Cr, reflected in terms of inhibition of spontaneous contractions, K⁺ (80 mM)-induced contractions and displacement of Ca^2?+? dose–response curves. The ginger pure compounds (6-shogaol, 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol) also exhibited a spasmolytic activity, which reduced with the increasing size of the side chain in their chemical structures. The study showed that the aqueous extract of ginger exhibits species-specific spasmogenicity in gut tissues of rabbit and rat (muscarinic-type) while through an uncharacterized pathway in guinea-pig ileum, along with a dormant relaxant effect, mediated via the blockade of voltage-dependent Ca^2?+? channels.     

生姜中一种新化合物的抗氧化活性

目的和方法:采用溶血实验,小鼠肝组织脂质过氧化物(MDA)测定,采用受辐射质粒构象改变等方法测定从生姜中分离得到的一新的环状二苯基庚烷类化合物(化合物1)的抗氧自由基损伤活性。结果:化合物1能显著抑制H₂O₂致人红细胞溶血作用(P＜0.01);明显抑制小鼠肝组织脂质过氧化物(MDA)的产生(P＜0.01);显著抑制受辐射质粒超螺旋构象百分率的下降(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。结论:化合物1具有明显抗氧自由基损伤的作用。     

A comparison between the effects of ginger,pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and placebo for the treatment of the first trimester nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP)

Introduction: Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) are one of the most common complains of the early pregnancy period and are bothersome for pregnant women. Some prefer to use herbal medicine instead of chemical agents.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of ginger, pyridoxine (vitamin B6), and placebo for the treatment of NVP.

Method: The study was performed as a triple blind clinical trial on pregnant women suffering mild to moderate NVP between 6 and 16 weeks of pregnancy. In these women ginger, 500?mg twice daily, vitamin B6 40?mg twice daily and placebo twice daily were administered for 4?d. Rhodes questionnaire was used for evaluation of the severity of symptoms. The severity of NVP was evaluated 24?h before entering the study and up to 4 d after using medications and results were compared among the three groups.

Results: Seventy-seven women finished the study (28 in the Ginger group, 26 in the B6 group, and 23 in the placebo group). The women of the three groups did not have significant differences according to age, gestational age, parity, and severity of each symptom before treatment and educational status. Total score of Rhodes questionnaire for nausea was decreased significantly in three groups after treatment. (p?p?=?.012, and p?=?.03 for ginger, vitamin B6, and placebo, respectively.) Also total score of Rhodes questionnaire for vomiting was decreased in three groups (p?=?.03 for ginger, p?=?.02 for B6, and p?=?.04 for placebo). Ginger and vitamin B6 could reduce the severity of all items of Rhodes questionnaire significantly; however, placebo was significantly effective only on the frequency of nausea, intensity of vomiting and frequency of retching. Ginger and vitamin B6 were more effective than placebo (p?=?.039 and p?=?.007, respectively); however, total score of Rhodes did not show significant difference between ginger and vitamin B6 (p?=?.128). Ginger was more effective for nausea (intensity and distress) and distress of vomit.

Conclusion: Ginger is more effective than placebo for the treatment of mild to moderate NVP and is comparable with vitamin B6.

Trial registration number and registry website: IRCT2015020320923N1     

Effect of Ginger and Novafen on menstrual pain: A cross-over trial

Objective

Menstrual pain is a periodic pain which happens during the days of menses. The menstrual disturbances as a health problem among young girls affect not only reproductive, but also psychical health and quality of life. This study was done with the goal of comparing the effect of Ginger and Novafen on the menstrual pain.

干姜和白术混合挥发油中天然冰片的含量测定

采用蒸馏法将提取得到的干姜和白术挥发油 ,通过气相色谱 质谱技术检测鉴定出主要成分天然冰片 ,再采取包合技术将挥发油制成固体包合物 ,利用气相色谱法测定挥发油和包合物中天然冰片的含量。结果表明天然冰片的含量测定可作为挥发油质量控制的主要指标 ,为中药制剂原料中挥发油的投料量化提供了一种可行的方法。