足骨三维有限元模型对足跖骨缺损重建的指导意义

目的用足骨有限元模型模拟、分析多跖骨缺损对足弓的影响,同时,对临床采用带血管自体骨重建后足的功能进行评价。方法在足骼骨三维模型上模拟出胫侧组、腓侧组跖骨正常和缺损不同情况,以有限元法计算足弓应力和位移的改变;并结合临床评价采用自体骨重建后足位移及应力恢复数据和结果。结果多跖骨缺损后,其有限元模型显示:足弓应力和位移发生明显改变,对足功能影响较大,髂骨重建后,足弓及足支撑点恢复,有限元模拟结果及临床随访效果满意。结论通过足骨有限元模型分析,我们认为:前足损伤致足多跖骨缺损临床上应予重建修复,恢复足的三点支撑和足弓。采用带血管游离自体骨加皮瓣组合移植是较为理想的手术方式。     

足背动脉跨区供血的足背及足底内侧联合皮瓣的解剖研究与临床应用

目的探讨应用同一血管蒂（足背动脉）跨供区（足背与足底内侧）联合皮瓣游离移植的可行性。方法对足背和足底内侧2个皮瓣进行解剖学研究。采用10只成人新鲜足标本分别从足背动脉（5只）、足底内侧动脉（5只）加压灌注碳素墨汁甲醛。在足底和足背不同部位取全层皮肤做脱水透明标本处理，在显微镜下对0．3-0．5mm厚铺片进行观察，以确定不同动脉的供血范围。设计以足背动脉供血的跨足背与足底内侧2个皮瓣供区的新皮瓣移植术式，并用来修复手部大面积皮肤缺损。结果足背皮瓣与足底内侧皮瓣存在丰富的交通血供区，从足背动脉灌注碳素墨汁甲醛，其分布范围除整个足背外，在足底分布如下：以足底中线纵轴为基线可及中线外侧（1．7±0．5）cm；以足底中线横轴为基线，上可及中线上（4．5±1．5）cm，下可及中线下（3．8±0．9）cm。从足底内侧动脉灌注碳素墨汁甲醛，其分布范围除整个足底内侧区域外，在足背区可及躅长伸肌外侧（0．6±0．5）cm。以足背动脉供血的跨区联合皮瓣血供丰富，临床应用12例全部成功。结论以足背动脉供血的跨区联合皮瓣切取面积大，血供可靠，可以用来修复手部大面积皮肤缺损。     

近踝足部肌腱与骨裸露创面显微外科修复方法的分析

目的评价近踝足部肌腱与骨外露创面修复的简单实用手术方法。方法总结自1990年1月～2002年1月应用13种显微外科皮瓣修复治疗128例近踝足部肌腱与骨外露创面病人,取得良好效果。手术时间:急诊一期修复53例,亚急诊修复28例,晚期修复47例。结果吻合皮瓣静脉修复皮肤逆行撕脱伤26例,完全成活19例,7例部分坏死;游离皮瓣移植19例,13例完全成活,皮瓣坏死3例,皮瓣部分坏死并感染3例;带蒂皮瓣转移83例,其中带腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣58例,该组所有皮瓣无1例完全坏死,5例术后出现静脉回流障碍,松解蒂部血运恢复,4例皮缘坏死,经换药愈合;其余带蒂皮瓣25例,成活21例,部分皮缘坏死3例,感染完全坏死1例。结论带腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣,切取简单,不牺牲知名的血管,对供区侧肢体供血影响小,设计灵活,能为磨擦受压创面提供良好的覆盖,基本能够满足近踝足部肌腱与骨外露创面修复需要。     

复杂中足损伤的临床治疗

Objective To evaluate the features and key points of clinical treatment of the complex midfoot injury retrospectively.Methods Twenty-two cases of complex midfoot injury were admitted to our hospital from June 2003 to June 2008, including 8 cases of open fracture and 5 cases of complicated soft tissue defects.Thirteen were emergency cases and the other 9 chronic ones were referred from other hospitals.In the emergency cases, only 1 underwent arthrodesis of the navicular and middle and lateral cuneiform and the others had reduction and internal fixation.In the referred cases, 2 received talar-navicular arthrodesis, 3 Lisfranc arthrndesis (accompanied by distal hallux amputation in 1), 1 navicular-cuneiform arthrudesis and 1 Chopart arthrndesis, 1 medial column amputation and 1 lateral column reconstruction.In the cases of soft tissue defects, 4 underwent free serratus anterior transfer, and 1 had transfer of distally-based sural fas-eio-cutaneous flap.The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scoring was used to evaluate the results.Results All the patients were followed up for 5 to 44 (average, 17.5) months.The main sequelae of the emergency cases were pain after long time waking, which was relieved following local injection of steroid and NIADs in 2 cases.Of the referred cases, pain and fatigue after walking were reported in 2, callus and pain under the 4th and 5th metatarsal heads in 2, and the whole foot rigidity and atrophy of the intrinsic muscle with severe pain while walking in 1.The case of medial column amputation developed medial arch collapse and valgus of hind foot.The mean AOFAS score for the emergency cases was 80.3± 8.7 and for the chronic ones was 60.1±16.3.Conclusion For complex midfoot injury, good results can only be obtained by early operation, anatomic reduction and stable fixation on the basis of enough understanding of the functional anatomy and traumatic pathology.     

外踝前动脉降支顺行岛状皮瓣修复足踝部皮肤缺损

目的:探讨采用外踝前动脉降支顺行岛状皮瓣修复足踝部创面的手术方法及其临床应用效果。方法 :2015年6月至2017年1月,采用外踝前动脉降支顺行岛状皮瓣修复9例足踝部皮肤缺损的患者,其中男6例,女3例;年龄32～63岁。创面均位于足、踝部,并伴有骨、肌腱或血管神经外露,其中足部创面6例,踝部创面3例。皮肤缺损面积为1.5 cm×2.0 cm～6.0 cm×13.0 cm,切取皮瓣面积为2.0 cm×3.0 cm～7.0 cm×15.0 cm。皮瓣供区均取腹部全厚皮片植皮修复。术后观察岛状皮瓣外观、质地、供区情况,根据张浩等制定的疗效满意度评分方法进行满意度评价,并采用美国足踝外科学会(AOFAS)踝-后足功能评分进行功能评价。结果:9例患者术后皮瓣血液循环稳定,无一例发生回流障碍,均于术后2周Ⅰ期愈合。术后所有患者获得随访,时间2～18(8.0±2.3)个月。皮瓣全部Ⅰ期成活,蒂部平整,无臃肿及"猫耳"畸形,皮瓣质地柔软,外观满意,颜色与周围皮肤接近。供区游离植皮后创面平整,无明显瘢痕增生。9例患者满意度评分均为满意,AOFAS评分均为优。结论:采用外踝前动脉降支顺行岛状皮瓣具有不牺牲主干血管、皮瓣薄等优点,是修复足踝部创面的一种简单、有效的治疗方法。     

中足三柱理论在跖跗关节损伤治疗中的临床应用

目的 探讨中足三柱理论在跖跗关节损伤治疗中的应用,以指导临床实践.方法 自2003年1月至2008年4月手术治疗跖跗关节骨折脱位38例,男24例,女14例;平均年龄37.1岁;左侧16例,右侧22例.开放性损伤11例,闭合性损伤27例;新鲜损伤34例,陈旧性损伤4例.按解剖三柱分类:单纯内侧柱损伤5例,内侧柱与中间柱损伤13例,中间柱与外侧柱损伤8例,单纯外侧柱损伤5例,三柱完全损伤7例.其中合并舟骨骨折6例,骰骨骨折5例,楔骨骨折12例,跖骨骨折21例.受伤至手术时间5～24 d,平均9.2 d.闭合性损伤依据跖跗损伤程度行空心钉或钢板固定,开放性损伤采用克氏针或结合足部微型支架固定. 结果 所有患者术后获平均16.5个月(12～25个月)随访,除2例开放性损伤患者出现创面感染给予二期皮瓣修复外,其余创口均一期愈合.X线评估30例患者足部三柱长度与横弓恢复良好,8例出现足弓塌陷.7例患者取出内固定后主诉负重疼痛.根据Hardcastal足部功能评分评估疗效:优18例,良11例,一般5例,差4例,优良率为76.3%.结论 中足三柱理论对跖跗关节损伤治疗有重要临床意义,术中需依次重建并牢固固定内侧柱、中间柱,外侧柱需弹性固定,同时必须注意对楔骨与骰骨的重建.     

足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的显微外科修复选择

目的 探讨应用带蒂皮瓣及游离皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的方法和临床疗效.方法 2008年3月至2010年3月共收治28例足踝部软组织缺损患者,男21例,女7例;年龄6～62岁,平均34.0岁.致伤原因:交通伤13例,机器压砸伤11例,坠落伤2例,慢性溃疡1例,烫伤1例.皮肤缺损面积4.0 cm×7.0 cm～11.0 cm×44.0 cm.术前根据患者足踝部软组织缺损及其他组织损伤情况,急诊或择期选择带蒂皮瓣或游离皮瓣移植修复足缺损,其中应用股前外侧皮瓣10例,腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣8例,内踝上穿支皮瓣4例,跗外侧皮瓣3例,足底内侧皮瓣2例,背阔肌皮瓣1例.术后对皮瓣的存活情况和愈合质量进行随访. 结果 28例患者术后获4～24个月(平均14个月)随访.2例术后出现皮瓣远端坏死,2例皮瓣边缘部分坏死,经换药、抗感染和植皮术后创面愈合;其余移植的皮瓣均成活,创面一期修复,皮瓣外形良好,质地、弹性好,足踝部功能恢复,行走正常. 结论 足踝部软组织缺损修复应根据损伤部位、面积及程度来决定选用邻近带蒂组织或游离组织移植修复.足跟及踝部缺损可选用腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣、足底内侧皮瓣、内踝上皮瓣和跗外侧皮瓣等;大面积或广泛剥脱伤需选用游离皮瓣,如股前外侧皮瓣或背阔肌皮瓣;前足小范围缺损,应用跗外侧皮瓣进行修复有其优势.     

两种第二趾切取游离移植对供足足底应力影响的生物力学研究

目的 探讨第2足趾切取游离移植对供足足底应力的影响.方法 取6具正常成人新鲜尸体足标本,根据不同状态分3组:完整组(A组)、第2趾截除(保留跖骨头)组(B组)及带部分跖骨的第2趾截除(跖骨远l/3处)组(C组).应用电子万能试验机以2 mm/min的速度从胫骨远端施加轴向压载,加载载荷分别为0、600、1200 N.通过F-Scan足底压力测量系统检测足底应力变化,并对数据进行统计学分析.结果 足底应力随轴向压载的增加而增大.A组(足母)指及5个跖骨头的峰值压强以第2跖骨头最大,600 N垂直载荷时为(37.33±7.34)kPa,1200 N垂直载荷时为(112.33±10.33)kPa.同一载荷下,A组与B组的(足母)指及5个跖骨头的峰值压强差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).同一载荷下,A组、B组分别与C组比较,(足母)指及5个跖骨头的峰值压强差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 第2跖骨的完整对足底应力正常分布及维持足弓具有重要意义.保留跖骨头的第2趾切取对供足足底应力分布影响较小,带部分跖骨的第2趾切取可导致供足足底应力的异常分配.     

Ultrasonography and erythrocyte distribution width in patients with plantar fasciitis

BackgroundThe measurement of plantar fascia thickness with ultrasonography can be used for both for diagnosis and as a response-to-treatment parameter in plantar fasciitis. Furthermore, with the recent studies, red cell distribution width may be used as an inflammatory marker. Aim of this study is to investigate the association of red cell distribution width and ultrasonography on diagnosis and monitoring of treatment in patients with plantar fasciitis.MethodsClinically diagnosed 102 patients with plantar fasciitis between the dates January 2016 to July 2018 were analysed. Hemogram, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and plantar fascial ultrasonography were obtained on initial evaluation and in 1 month, 2 months and 3 months of the standard nonoperative treatment; American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Hindfoot Score (AOFAS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were recorded. Posthoc and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis on SPSS 21.0.ResultsRed cell distribution width was correlated with plantar fascia thickness by the end of the 1 month (r = 0.26, P = .013). Female sex, BMI over 30 kg/m², higher red cell distribution width and higher plantar fascia thickness were associated with plantar fasciitis on initial evaluation. Higher red cell distribution width together with higher plantar fascia thickness were also found to be a risk factor for both on initial evaluation and 1 month after treatment in plantar fasciitis.ConclusionThis study shows that association of red cell distribution width and plantar fascia thickness can be not only a diagnostic predictor but also an indicator of treatment response in plantar fasciitis.Level of clinical evidenceLevel IV