分光光度法测定食品中硼砂

目的 :建立姜黄素分光光度法测定食品中硼砂含量的方法。方法 :食品在碱性条件下灰化 ,在酸性条件下姜黄素分光光度法测定硼砂含量。结果 :方法的线性好 (r=0 .9999) ,样品测定的相对标准差 rsd<5 % ,加标回收率为 90 .0 %～ 10 4 .5 % ,检出限为 0 .0 6 mg/kg。结论 :该方法灵敏、准确、精密、易于操作 ,适用于食品中硼砂测定     

真菌毒素的脱毒进展

真菌毒素普遍存在于饲料、谷物、食品及中药材中,可直接对人类和动物的健康会产生一定的危害。目前真菌毒素的脱除方法根据脱除机制,主要分为物理脱毒,化学脱毒,生物脱毒,本文对真菌毒素现阶段的脱除方法进行了归纳总结。     

UPLC-MS/MS检测降血脂类保健食品中违法添加物

目的：建立专属、灵敏的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）用于快速定性定量检测降血脂类保健食品中3种违法添加化学成分.方法：供试品经甲醇提取后,采用UPLC-MS/MS,以BEH-C18为分析柱,流动相采用含20mmol/L乙酸铵的水溶液和甲醇进行等度洗脱,采用电喷雾电离、子离子扫描（Daughter Scan）及多重反应监测（MRM）模式对保健食品中违法添加的烟酸、辛伐他汀、洛伐他汀3种化学成分进行快速定性定量检测.结果：所建立方法可在1 min内快速定性定量检测保健食品中3种违法添加化学药物,且线性关系良好,平均加样回收率在95.4％～98.8％,方法检出限为0.5～12.5 μg/g.结论：该方法快速、灵敏、专属性强,适用于降血脂类保健食品中违法添加化学药物的快速定性定量检测.     

Organoleptic study of deacidified and deodourised palm oil

Deficiency of vitamin A has long been identified as a serious and preventable nutritional disorder, associated with increased risk of mortality and morbidity amongst children. The present study was conducted with the objectives (i) to perform organoleptic testing of food products cooked in Deacidified and Deodourised Palm Oil (DDPO), by sensory evaluation method and (ii) to compare the characteristics of these food products with the same products cooked in routinely used oil. Eleven commonly used weaning food items were prepared with routinely used oil (Group A). The same recipes were also prepared with DDPO (Group B). A food testing panel conducted the sensory evaluation for assessing the acceptability of the various food items. It was observed that with respect to all characteristics there was no significant difference in the recipes made with the two types of oil. Results Indicated that DDPO can be used in India for preperation of weaning foods which are routinely given to young children.     

Health foods and foods with health claims in Japan

The terms 'nutraceuticals' and 'dietary or food supplements' are not very popular in Japan as compared to most of other countries. However, the concept of 'functional foods', which benefits the structure and function of the human body, is known as a result of research studies initiated on the health benefits of foods in 1984. The Ministry of Education organized a national research and development project to evaluate the functionalities of various foods. Researchers from diverse scientific fields succeeded to define new functions of food, successfully incorporating the previously recognized functions of nutrition, sensory/satisfaction and physiological effects of ingredients in foods. Some of the food manufacturers and distributors unfortunately capitalized on such food functionalities to promote 'health foods' by claiming drug-like effects and violating laws. In 1991, the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW) now as the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) introduced a 'foods for specified health uses' (FOSHU) system, for the control of such exaggerated and misleading claims. The other reason for such enforcement is due to an increase in the population of elderly people and lifestyle-related diseases that include obesity, diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, cerebro- and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In 2001, a new regulatory system, 'foods with health claims' (FHC) with a 'foods with nutrient function claims' (FNFC) system and newly established FOSHU was introduced. In addition, MHLW has changed the existing FOSHU, FNFC and other systems in 2005. Such changes include the new subsystems of FOSHU such as (1) standardized FOSHU, (2) qualified FOSHU and (3) disease risk reduction claims for FOSHU. In the present chapter, two guidelines that require good manufacturing practice (GMP) and self-investigative systems for ensuring the safety of raw materials used for products in the dosage forms such as capsules, tablets, etc. have been discussed. Furthermore, issues related to positioning and definition of supplements are also discussed in the light of the enhancement of understanding the beneficial roles that supplements may play for human health in Japan.     

A rational approach to decision making in toxicology

The application of the Kepner-Tregoe (C. H. Kepner and B. B. Tregoe, 1981, The New Rational Manager, Princeton Res. Press, Princeton, N. J.) problem solving technique to the evaluation and interpretation of toxicological information is described. Data from a chronic study provide an illustrative example. In this study an excess in the number of urinary bladder neoplasms was observed in male rats exposed to diets containing the test chemical. No similar effect was seen in treated female rats. Both male and female mice exposed to treatment also exhibited no effect. Whether treatment was the cause of the observed increase should be based on all the scientific and technical information that is relevant to this decision. The Kepner-Tregoe method of problem analysis captures this information in a framework that makes it easily understood. This is especially desirable if the judgments that are a vital part of regulatory decision making are to be adequately communicated.     

Type A behaviour and consumption of an atherogenic diet: no association in the PRIME study

It has previously been suggested that the association between Type A behaviour and coronary heart disease (CHD) may be mediated through diet. This analysis investigates associations between Type A behaviour and diet, with particular focus on foods high in saturated fats and cholesterol (cake, cheese, eggs and fried potatoes), foods high in unsaturated fats (fish and nuts), and fruit and vegetables. The analysis was conducted on data collected from 10,602 men from Northern Ireland and France screened for inclusion in the PRIME cohort study. Type A behaviour was measured using the Framingham Type A Behaviour Patterns Questionnaire, diet was measured using a Food Frequency Questionnaire and various demographic details were also assessed. Levels of Type A behaviour and intakes of all food groups were similar to previous studies. Using regression, Type A behaviour was significantly associated with diet, and specifically with a higher consumption of cheese and vegetables in Northern Ireland, and a higher consumption of cake, fish and vegetables in France. These associations are most plausibly explained as a result of lifestyle, although the possibility of independent associations between Type A behaviour and diet remains. The work is limited by the use of questionnaires, but the findings available suggest that Type A behaviour is unlikely to be associated with the consumption of a diet that has previously been linked to CHD. These findings suggest that any association between Type A behaviour and CHD is unlikely to be mediated through diet.     

Dietary Intake Changes in Response to a Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Reduction Trial for Various Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Eligibility Groups

Objective

To examine dietary intake differences resulting from a sugar-sweetened beverage reduction intervention by 3 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation groups: SNAP participants (n?=?56), income-eligible nonparticipants (n?=?30), and income-ineligible nonparticipants (n?=?60).