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51.
The use of a visual aid to check anaesthetic machines 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Bayesian decision theoretic approaches (BDTAs) have been widely studied in the literature as tools for designing and conducting phase II clinical trials. However, full Bayesian approaches that consider multiple endpoints are lacking. Since the monitoring of toxicity is a major goal of phase II trials, we propose an adaptive group sequential design using a BDTA, which characterizes efficacy and toxicity as correlated bivariate binary endpoints. We allow trade‐off between the two endpoints. Interim evaluations are conducted group sequentially, but the number of interim looks and the size of each group are chosen adaptively based on current observations. We utilize a loss function consisting of two components: the loss associated with accruing, treating, and monitoring patients, and the loss associated with making incorrect decisions. The performance of our Bayesian modeling, and the operating characteristics of decision rules under a wide range of loss function parameters are evaluated using seven scenarios in a simulation study. Our method is illustrated in the context of a single‐arm phase II trial of bevacizumab, gemcitabine, and oxaliplatin in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
54.
Manabu Muto Mitsuhiro Fujishiro Yoshitaka Sato Yasumasa Niwa Mitsuru Kaise Mototsugu Kato Kaiyo Takubo 《Digestive endoscopy》2007,19(Z1):S153-S155
Optical technological innovations enable us to visualize cellular nuclei endoscopically. Herein is described a protocol design for a multicenter study for the ex vivo evaluation of endocytoscopy. The present study was performed by the Endoscopy Forum Japan study group. 相似文献
55.
Purpose: The aim of the study was to provide information about the characteristics of three main types of orthokeratology (ortho‐k) lenses used in Hong Kong and to report on their performance based on the clinical impressions of a group of ortho‐k practitioners. Method: Twelve ortho‐k practitioners were interviewed between 1 March and 30 June 2001. Results: Most ortho‐k lenses were ordered from three manufacturers: DreimLens, Fargo and Contex. The median maximum myopia reduction reported for DreimLens, Contex and Fargo lenses were 6.25 D, 6.00 D and 4.50 D respectively. The time to reduce myopia by up to 4.00 D could be up to three weeks for Contex and DreimLens and up to four weeks for Fargo. For reduction of myopia by up to 4.00 D, the treatment usually required only one or two lenses per eye for all three types of lenses. The incidence of lens binding and lens tightening after achieving the optimal reduction was reported to be higher with the DreimLens design. Good centration, less lens binding, relatively lower incidence of complications and lens tightening after achieving the optimal reduction were reported with the Fargo lenses. Conclusions: DreimLens tended to be more effective for myopia reduction. However, some practitioners were concerned with the aggressiveness of myopia reduction using this lens design and the higher potential for ocular complications. Selection of the lens design is dependent on various factors, in particular, practitioners need to be comfortable with the design they choose and to consider the needs of their patients and the final goal of the treatment. 相似文献
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随着高校对教学科研仪器设备投入的不断增加,仪器设备维修工作的重要性日益突出。通过SWOT分析法,对高校设备维修服务的内外因素进行分析,找出当前高校设备维修工作的内在优势和弱势、外在机会和挑战,并提出在高校设备维修服务战略方面的进攻调整防御和生存四种相应策略的思考。 相似文献
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The ripple-free deadbeat control problem for SISO plants subjected to arbitrary reference signals is considered. The trade-off between the settling time and the integral square error between the system output and reference signal is investigated. Given a specific order of the controller, it is shown how to design an optimal ripple-free deadbeat controller. An illustrative example is presented to show the feasibility of the proposed algorithm. 相似文献
60.
Richard M. Pearson 《Clinical & experimental optometry》1990,73(6):172-177
A simple but reliable method was used to measure the axial edge lift at the total diameter over a range of back optic zone radii of several proprietary designs of rigid gas-permeable corneal lens. One of these was found to have a constant axial edge lift construction. 相似文献