解剖型钢板治疗肱骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的：探讨解剖Ｙ型钢板的临床应用价值。方法：报告３６例解剖Ｙ型钢板内固定肱骨远端粉碎性骨折,进行临床分析讨论,其中列,女８例,平均年龄３６．８岁。３６例中均行肘后标准切口尽骨鹰嘴截骨暴整个肱骨远端,Ｙ型钢板、螺钉内固定。结果：本组随访１～５年,其中优良率８６．２％。结论：解剖Ｙ型钢板治疗治疗肱骨远端粉碎骨折,效果确切,术后有利早期活动关节,减少并发症。     

女性生殖道湿疣患者电灼治疗后免疫状态的变化

目的：比较电灼治疗前后女性生殖道湿疣的免疫状态变化,了解患者其免疫功能在湿疣发展中的作用。方法：采用流式细胞技术及比浊法对４５ 例生殖道湿疣及３０ 例正常妇女的血淋巴细胞亚群及血清免疫球蛋白和补体进行检测。结果：湿疣者 Ｃ Ｄ３ 、 Ｃ Ｄ４ 、 Ｃ Ｄ４／ Ｃ Ｄ８ 及 Ｉｇ Ａ、 Ｃ３ 水平低于正常对照组,治疗后无复发者１２ 例的５ 项指标比治疗前升高,而复发者３３例则无变化。结论：免疫功能在湿疣的发生发展中起关键作用,电灼等治疗可刺激机体的免疫功能。     

咬合板治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病的时机与疗效

目的：通过对颞下颌关节紊乱病（ＴＭＤ） 的临床表现及咬合板治疗的疗效进行分析,探讨ＴＭＤ 的最佳治疗时机。方法：对１５６ 例经咬合板治疗的ＴＭＤ患者就诊时间及治疗２ 个月后治疗效果做分类统计分析。结果：治疗２ 个月后疼痛、弹响及张口受限的总治愈率分别为８１．４％ 、４９．０％ 和８１．５％ 。其中于发病４ 周内就诊的患者治愈率分别为９３．２％ 、７７．３％ 和９３．２％ ,于４ 周后就诊的患者治愈率分别为７３．９％ 、４０．８ ％ 和３０．０ ％ ,两组差异显著（ 弹响及张口受限, Ｐ＜ ０．０１,疼痛Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：ＴＭＤ在发病４ 周内进行咬合板治疗效果满意。     

反义BCR/ABL寡核苷酸体外抑制K562细胞的研究

目的：探讨反义ＢＣＲ和ＡＢＬ融合基因（ＢＣＲ／ＡＢＬ融合基因）寡核苷酸体外抑制Ｋ５６２细胞的作用及机制。方法：采用Ｋ５６２细胞培养,观察反义ＢＣＲ／ＡＢＬ寡核苷酸体外对Ｋ５６２细胞数、台盼蓝拒染率及克隆形成等的影响。结果：经反义ＢＣＲ／ＡＢＬ寡核苷酸ｂ３ａ２（ＡＳｂ３ａ２）处理后培养８ｄ的Ｋ５６２克隆抑制率达６０６９％,液体培养中细胞数从２４ｈ开始较对照组减少,细胞存活率从８ｈ开始即较对照组明显下降,ＢＣＲ／ＡＢＬ寡核苷酸ｂ２ａ２（ＡＳｂ２ａ２）及无义寡核苷酸对Ｋ５６２细胞数和存活率无明显影响;３种寡核苷酸对ＨＬ６０细胞数和存活率也无影响。结论：ＡＳｂ３ａ２对Ｋ５６２细胞有序列特异性的抑制作用。ＡＳｂ３ａ２的这种抑制作用可能在于它诱导Ｋ５６２细胞的凋亡。     

银杏叶总黄酮对实验性心肌缺血的影响

目的：观察银杏叶总黄酮（ＴＦＧｂ）抗心肌缺血的作用。方法：采用结扎家兔冠状动脉前降支造成急性心肌梗塞的病理模型,用心电图、血清磷酸肌酸激酶活性和梗死面积评价ＴＦＧｂ对心肌缺血的保护作用。结果：ＴＦＧｂ（１６７ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１,ｉｐ,连续用药１４ｄ）可明显降低心肌梗塞兔ＥＫＧ中ＳＴ段异常抬高的总幅度以及病理性Ｑ波的出现数;并显著抑制心肌组织磷酸肌酸激酶释放。硝基四氮唑蓝染色显示,预先用ＴＦＧｂ可使心肌梗塞范围明显缩小。结论：ＴＦＧｂ对心肌缺血性损伤具有保护作用     

伊曲康唑间歇冲击疗法治疗甲真菌病

用伊曲康唑短程间歇冲击疗法治疗甲真菌病５４例（指甲真菌病２６例,趾甲真菌病２８例）,并随访９个月。结果显示：患者指甲临床治愈率为８８５％,真菌学治愈率为９６１％;趾甲临床治愈率为８２１％,真菌学治愈率为９６１％;仅有７４％的患者出现恶心、胃肠道不适等轻微副作用。本疗法疗效高、副作用小和安全性好     

Multisystemic Treatment of Substance-Abusing and -Dependent Delinquents: Outcomes,Treatment Fidelity,and Transportability

The effectiveness and transportability of multisystemic therapy (MST) were examined in a study that included 118 juvenile offenders meeting DSM-III-R criteria for substance abuse or dependence and their families. Participants were randomly assigned to receive MST versus usual community services. Outcome measures assessed drug use, criminal activity, and days in out-of-home placement at posttreatment (T2) and at a 6-month posttreatment follow-up (T3); also treatment adherence was examined from multiple perspectives (i.e., caregiver, youth, and therapist). MST reduced alcohol, marijuana, and other drug use at T2 and total days in out-of-home placement by 50% at T3. Reductions in criminal activity, however, were not as large as have been obtained previously for MST. Examination of treatment adherence measures suggests that the modest results of MST were due, at least in part, to difficulty in transporting this complex treatment model from the direct control of its developers. Increased emphasis on quality assurance mechanisms to enhance treatment fidelity may help overcome barriers to transportability.     

Pseudoaneurysm of the superficial femoral artery following accidental trauma: result of treatment by percutaneous stent-graft placement

Accidental trauma frequently involves the extremities, and can extend to involve their blood supply, causing exsanguinating hemorrhage and pseudoaneurysm in the involved blood vessel. This is traditionally managed by surgical repair. We report a case in which control of life-threatening hemorrhage and exclusion of a large, post-traumatic pseudoaneurysm in the superficial femoral artery was performed by a commercially available stent-graft, without complication. This treatment method may be a safe and effective alternative to surgery in selected patients. Received: 10 February 1998; Revision received: 31 March 1998; Accepted: 20 April 1998     

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in burn patients

Background: Prolonged enteral feedings are required occasionally in seriously burned individuals. We have employed percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in selected patients who require particularly prolonged access, thus prompting this review. Methods: The PEG procedure was performed under general anesthesia in combination with another surgical procedure using a variety of commercially available needle and guidewire kits in 14 patients. Results: These 14 patients had an average age of 55.2 ± 6.6 years and a burn involving 38 ± 8% of the body surface. Eleven of these patients had suffered an inhalation injury. The tubes were placed an average of 57 ± 10.5 days after injury through unburned and unharvested skin in four patients (28%), healed donor sites in five patients (35%), healed burn in one patient (1%), and grafted burn in four patients (28%). One patient, whose catheter was placed through a grafted fascial excision, developed moderate local wound erosion. Tubes were known to have been left in place as long as 155 days. However, most were removed in rehabilitation hospitals, and we were unable to determine how long most were left in place. We are unaware of any problems with the tubes occurring after discharge from the acute care setting. Conclusions: In selected patients, PEG can provide more comfortable access for prolonged enteral feedings than nasogastric tubes and can be placed with minimal morbidity. Received: 29 March 1998/Accepted: 1 August 1998     

Extracellular fluid and its proteins: dehydration, shock, and recovery

This review highlights characteristics of extracellular fluid (ECF) that are often overlooked. ECF has, in addition to plasma and interstitial fluid (ISF) surrounding cells, a third large compartment, the ISF of skin and connective tissue. This acts as a reservoir that gives up ECF to plasma volume (PV) in order to sustain circulation in the event of either shock or dehydration. While Starling forces drive filtration, ECF is returned to PV more by lymph and less by Starling forces than previously appreciated. Lymph return to PV is dependent on physical activity and muscle contraction to overcome gravity. Regional change in metabolic rate alters the need for oxygen and nutrients that is met by a regional increase in capillary blood flow. Blood flow is controlled by vasoactive compounds released in response to a drop in PO₂; these relax capillary smooth muscle to increase blood flow and delivery of oxygen and nutrients. Plasma proteins, including albumin, are filtered into the interstitium through larger pores than those filtering ECF. The rate of protein filtration is set by size and charge of these larger endothelial pores and by size and charge of proteins. Charge of these pores, hence albumin permeability, is regulated by many of the same vasoactive compounds that control capillary flow. As a consequence, in response to gravitational stress and other forms of shock that reduce effective circulation, albumin as well as ECF is rapidly shifted from plasma and sequestered in ISF. When this has occurred, as in burn shock, restoration is better effected by generous expansion of ECF with Ringer’s solution alone, rather than with Ringer’s solution supplemented with human serum albumin or other colloid. Restoring both PV and ISF volume restores lymph circulation and returns sequestered albumin to PV. Received: 12 November 1998 / Revised: 30 March 1999 / Accepted: 2 April 1999