直肠癌内分泌样癌细胞分化与P^53蛋白表达关系的研究

目的：研究直肠癌内分泌样癌细胞分化与Ｐ＾５３蛋白表达的关系及意义。方法：采用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法检测４４例福尔马林固定、石蜡包埋的直肠癌手术切除及活检组织中的嗜铬蛋白Ａ（ＣＧＡ）及Ｐ＾５３蛋白的表达。结果：Ｐ＾５３、ＣＧＡ阳性表达率分别为６８．２％和３８．６％：ＣＧＡ阳性及阴性直肠癌Ｐ＾５３表达率分别为８８．２％和５５．６％，两者比较Ｐ〈０．０２５Ｘ＾２检测；Ｐ＾５３ＣＧＡ在分化差的直肠癌中的表达     

低频小探头超声内镜对胰腺内分泌肿瘤术前定位诊断的价值

目的 评价低频小探头超声内镜检查(LFMPS)在胰腺内分泌肿瘤术前定位诊断中的临床价值。方法 2000年6月至2002年6月期间21例临床拟诊为胰腺内分泌肿瘤的患者术前行腹部 B超、螺旋 CT、磁共振(MRI)及 LFMPS探查(Fujinon 7.5 MHz低频小探头超声及超声系统),检查结果与外科术中定位和病理结果对照,评估LFMPS对胰腺内分泌肿瘤的术前定位诊断价值。结果21例患者中17例经外科手术及术后病理证实为内分泌肿瘤,4例未手术。其中胰岛素瘤16例(头部9例、体部 3例、尾部4例),胰腺外血管活性肠肽瘤1例,检出病灶的平均直径 2.02 cm。LFMPS确诊14例(82.4％),B超确诊9例(52.9％),螺旋CT确诊15例(88.2％),MRI确诊12例(70.6％),其中LFMPS对位于胰腺头、体部肿瘤以及直径<1cm病灶的确诊率优于其他常规影像方法。结论LFMPS对胰腺内分泌肿瘤的术前定位诊断准确率较高,且与肿瘤的位置与大小有关。     

Leptin inhibition of insulin secretion from isolated human islets

Leptin is a hormone produced and secreted from the adipose tissue. Its physiological actions include the regulation of satiety, food intake and energy balance. The production of leptin is increased by high insulin levels. Here, we demonstrate that leptin acts as an inhibitor of glucose-induced (20 mM) insulin secretion from isolated human islets. No effect was observed in the presence of lower glucose levels (2.8 and 10 mM glucose). The pancreatic β-cell might represent a target of a direct physiological action of leptin. We suggest the presence of an “adipo-insular axis” in which leptin mediates negative feedback from the adipose tissue to the endocrine pancreas. Received: 21 July 1997 / Accepted in revised form: 1 October 1997     

Effects of the disaccharidase inhibitor acarbose on meal and intravenous glucose tolerance in normal man

To determine whether the effects of the disaccharidase inhibitor Acarbose on glucose tolerance could be solely explained via an action on intestinal nutrient absorption, the effects of this agent and placebo (100 mg p.o.) on intravenous and postprandial glucose tolerance were compared in six normal subjects. Acarbose significantly diminished plasma glucose, insulin, and gastrointestinal inhibitory polypeptide responses following meal ingestion without affecting plasma glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide responses, but had no effect on plasma glucose and insulin responses following intravenous injection of glucose. These results suggest that the acute effects of Acarbose on glucose tolerance can be explained on the basis of its ability to alter intestinal nutrient absorption.     

Mood and metabolic consequences of sleep deprivation as a potential endophenotype’ in bipolar disorder

It has been commonly recognized that circadian rhythm and sleep/wake cycle are causally involved in bipolar disorder. There has been a paucity of systematic research considering the relations between sleep and mood states in bipolar disorder. The current study examines the possible influences of sleep deprivation on mood states and endocrine functions among first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls. Blood samples were taken at two time points in the consecutive mornings at predeprivation and postdeprivation periods. Participants simultaneously completed the Profiles of Mood States at two time points after giving blood samples. Plasma T3 and TSH levels increased after total sleep deprivation in both groups. Sleep deprivation induced TSH levels were reversely associated with depression–dejection among healthy controls. A paradoxical effect was detected for only the first-degree relatives of the patients that changes in plasma cortisol levels negatively linked to depression–dejection and anger–hostility scores after total sleep deprivation. Plasma DHEA levels became correlated with vigor-activity scores after sleep deprivation among first-degree relatives of bipolar patients. On the contrary, significant associations of depression–dejection, anger–hostility, and confusion–bewilderment with the baseline plasma DHEA levels became statistically trivial in the postdeprivation period. Findings suggested that first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder had completely distinct characteristics with respect to sleep deprivation induced responses in terms of associations between endocrine functions and mood states as compared to individuals whose relatives had no psychiatric problems. Considering the relationships between endocrine functions and mood states among relatives of the patients, it appears like sleep deprivation changes the receptor sensitivity which probably plays a pivotal role on mood outcomes among the first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder.     

Serum insulin and plasma glucagon in human pregnancy — On the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes. A review

Summary The possibility that the deterioration of glucose tolerance during pregnancy might be due to a change in the functional condition of the endocrine pancreas has been examined in normal pregnant women and in non-obese gestational diabetics. Three test-situations were applied to elucidate the problem: 1) an overnight fast; 2) a glucose tolerance test (OGTT); and 3) a protein-rich meal. After the overnight fast, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglucagonemia were found in late pregnancy in both groups. However, on a molar basis, basal insulin increased more than basal glucagon and the molar insulin: glucagon ratio was therefore increased. After oral administration of glucose, the insulin response was enhanced in the late stages of pregnancy both in normal women and in those with gestational diabetes while the depression of glucagon below fasting levels was exaggerated and sustained in both groups. In response to a protein-rich meal in normal late pregnancy, the glucagon response was significantly lower than post partum in the same subjects, whereas that of insulin was unchanged. Finally, in both groups the diminished glucose tolerance in pregnancy was not associated with an abnormally elevated proportion of total insulin immunoreactivity represented by the biologically almost inactive proinsulin. Based upon these findings and those reported in the literature, it is concluded that there is no evidence in support of the idea that the diabetogenicity of pregnancy can be explained by changes in the function of the endocrine pancreas in these patients.     

不同类型内分泌药物治疗对乳腺癌患者骨代谢的影响

目的 观察不同类型内分泌药物治疗对乳腺癌患者术后骨代谢水平的影响。方法 收集2013年5月至2019年1月南方医科大学附属小榄医院治疗的乳腺癌患者239例,按照内分泌治疗药物不同分为A组（采用他莫昔芬治疗,75例）、B组（采用氟维司群治疗,83例）和C组（采用依西美坦治疗,81例）。比较各组治疗前及治疗12个月降钙素（CT）、骨钙素（BGP）、骨碱性磷酸酶（BAP）和甲状旁腺素（PTH）水平,同时检测各组腰椎骨密度（BMP）并比较。结果 治疗前,三组CT、BGP、BAP、PTH和BMP值比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗后,三组CT均不同程度升高,其中C组升幅最大,A组升幅最小,组间差值比较,差异有统计学意义（P=0.009）;三组BGP均不同程度升高,其中A组升幅最大,B组升幅最小,组间差值比较,差异有统计学意义（P=0.005）;三组BAP均不同程度降低,其中B组降幅最大,A组降幅最小,组间差值比较,差异有统计学意义（P=0.018）;三组PTH均不同程度降低,其中C组降幅最大,A组降幅最小,组间差值比较,差异有统计学意义（P=0.025）。治疗后,A组腰椎BMP未见明显降低,但C组腰椎BMP下降较明显,三组间BMP治疗前后差值比较,差异有统计学意义（P=0.022）。结论 不同内分泌治疗药物均可导致乳腺癌患者BMP降低,但他莫昔芬对患者骨代谢水平影响程度较小。     

Nesfatin-1的研究进展

Nesfatin-1是一种厌食调节肽,在中枢和外周广泛表达.近年研究显示nesfatin-1在消化、内分泌、精神等多系统中发挥重要作用,但其作用机制尚未完全明确.本文就nesfatin-1的研究进展作一综述.