不同保健体系的老年2型糖尿病患者降糖用药分析

目的：比较不同医疗保健体系老年2型糖尿病患者降糖药应用的合理性及有效性。方法：采用横断面、现场调查方法,收集2009年在我院就诊的108名老年2型糖尿病干部患者,及北京某社区随诊的98名老年2型糖尿病患者降血糖药物的治疗模式、费用及血糖控制达标情况,分析比较两组人群降糖药治疗模式的合理性及有效性。结果：二甲双胍和阿卡波糖分别为老干部组和社区组约半数患者的主要降血糖药物。按照《中国2型糖尿病防治指南》控制标准,老干部组空腹血糖（FBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）达标率分别为64.8%和41.7%,高于社区组（分别为11.2%和30.6%）。老干部组总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）的达标率也明显高于社区组。老干部组日均降糖药费用高于社区组,日均降糖药费用在10元以内的老干部组占46.3%、社区组占73.5%。联合2种或2种以上降糖药治疗的老干部组占66.7%,社区组占53.1%。社区组仍有少数患者应用格列苯脲和苯乙双胍。结论：两组老年患者降糖药物应用模式基本相近,老干部组用药合理性优于社区组,血糖、血脂各项控制达标率也高于社区组,可能与老干部组更多联合用药和降糖药费用较高有关。     

Surgeon factors are strongly correlated with who receives a sleeve gastrectomy versus a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

BackgroundSleeve gastrectomy (SG) has replaced Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) as the most common bariatric operation. While SG constitutes ～70% of all bariatric volume, we hypothesize that the distribution of SG versus RYGB varies widely at the level of the surgeon and that surgeon rather than patient factors are the primary driver of the procedure performed.ObjectivesTo determine the distribution of bariatric procedures performed at the surgeon level.SettingPopulation-level analysis using the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) for New York State (2004–2014).MethodsIdentified surgeons performing SG and RYGB using billing codes. Logistic regression performed to determine the impact of surgeon, patient, and hospital factors on receiving a RYGB.ResultsOf the 142 surgeons who perform >5 bariatric operations per year, 32 (22.5%) performed a SG in ≥95% of their bariatric cases in the year 2014. In logistic regression, diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 1.45; P < .001) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (OR 1.36; P < .001) were associated with receiving a RYGB. However, the most correlated factor was whether the surgeon had a RYGB case volume >66^th percentile in the preceding year (OR 33.8; P < .001). In pseudo-R² analysis, 83% of the power of the regression could be explained by surgeon factors alone.ConclusionsWhile the percentage of SG in this cohort closely matches the national average, there is wide variation at the surgeon level with a significant proportion predominantly performing a single procedure. Surgeon factors are more strongly correlated with procedure selection compared to patient or hospital factors.     

经皮射频消融术与腹腔镜肝切除术治疗原发性小肝癌的疗效及预后比较

目的:比较经皮射频消融术与腹腔镜肝切除术治疗原发性小肝癌的疗效及预后。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月—2014年12月间收治的140例原发性小肝癌患者资料,其中80例行射频消融术(消融组),60例行腹腔镜肝切除术(腔镜组)。比较两组患者术后血清肝功能指标与肿瘤标志物水平的变化、并发症发生率、根治率、复发率及生存率。结果:术前两组的基线资料、肝功能指标及肿瘤标志物水平均无统计学差异(均P0.05)。术后消融组肝功能指标先升后降,腔镜组则呈持续降低,消融组术后短期内丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶水平均明显高于腔镜组(均P0.05);两组术后肿瘤标志物水平均逐渐降低,两组间差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。消融组术后并发症发生率明显低于腔镜组(3.75%vs. 20.00%,P=0.002)。两组根治率、复发率以及1、2、3年总生存率和无瘤生存率均无统计学差异(均P0.05)。结论:两种手术方式对原发性小肝癌的疗效及预后无统计学差异,射频消融术后并发症较少,但对短期肝功能存在一定损害。     

Effectiveness and toxicity of first-line methotrexate chemotherapy in low-risk postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: The New England Trophoblastic Disease Center experience

Objectives

To assess the outcomes and toxicity of first-line methotrexate (MTX) chemotherapy in low-risk postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) patients receiving 8-day methotrexate or one-day methotrexate infusion regimens.

石台县丁莘河流域水库灌区水利血防工程血吸虫病防治效果分析

目的 评价石台县丁莘河流域水库灌区以硬化为主的水利血防工程控制血吸虫病的效果。方法 收集2007-2015年工程区螺情资料和2009-2015年疫情资料,分析比较工程建设前后螺情、病情的变化情况。结果 硬化工程实施后,工程区活螺框出现率下降68.79%,活螺平均密度下降97.78%,而未实施沟渠硬化的对照区活螺框出现率升高72.49%,活螺平均密度也升高37.16%;项目区人群感染率下降100%,调查耕牛161头,未查到病牛。结论 硬化沟渠水利血防工程对降低钉螺密度、控制血吸虫病有很好的效果。     

Vedolizumab for inflammatory bowel disease:from randomized controlled trials to real-life evidence

The biologic antitumor necrosis factor alpha(anti-TNFα) agents have revolutionised the treatment of inflammatorybowel disease(IBD). However,some patients experience primary nonresponse,loss of response,or intolerance. Therefore,introducing a newer class of therapy with a mechanism of action that acts on different inflammatory pathways involved in IBD pathogenesis is appealing. Vedolizumab is a fully humanised monoclonal antibody that selectively targets α4β7 integrin. Based on the results of the pivotal clinical GEMINI trials,vedolizumab was approved for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis(UC) and Crohn's disease(CD) refractory or intolerant to either conventional therapy or TNFα inhibitors. This review describes the efficacy,safety,and tolerability of vedolizumab reported in both randomized,controlled,clinical trials and from real-world experience in patients with UC and CD in order to identify its place in treatment algorithms for IBD.     

三种甲状腺全切除术式的临床疗效及对甲状旁腺功能的影响对比

目的探讨不同术式甲状腺全切术的临床疗效及对甲状旁腺功能的影响。 方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2017年1月间收治的86例甲状腺乳头状癌患者的临床资料,根据手术方式不同分为3组,A组(25例,常规甲状腺全切术治疗),B组(32例,注射纳米碳示踪剂后,行甲状腺全切术治疗),C组(29例,改良Miccoli手术治疗),采用SPSS22.0软件对数据进行统计学分析,临床疗效、血清钙离子及甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平以( ±s)表示,采用独立t检验;甲状旁腺误切率、低血钙与甲状旁腺功能减退的发生率等组间比较采用χ²检验,均以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果三组患者手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数量均无明显差异(P>0.05); B、C组患者甲状旁腺误切率明显低于A组;3组患者术后血清钙和PTH水平较术前明显下降(P<0.05), B、C组患者术后血清钙和PTH水平明显高于A组(P<0.05); B组、C组低血钙与甲状旁腺功能减退的发生率明显低于A组(P<0.05)。 结论改良Miccoli手术和联合应用纳米碳治疗甲状腺乳头状癌与常规甲状腺全切术效果相当,且对甲状旁腺具有保护作用,可有效降低甲状旁腺的误切率及甲状旁腺功能减退发生率。     

经腋下入路与胸乳入路行腔镜下单侧甲状腺切除术的临床对比

目的探索经腋下入路与胸乳入路行腔镜下单侧甲状腺切除术的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2014年4月至2017年8月行腔镜下单侧甲状腺切除术148例患者的临床资料,根据入路方式的不同,分为腋下组(83例)与胸乳组(65例)。采用Stata 14.2统计软件包进行统计分析,术中术后资料计量资料采用( ±s)表示,比较采用独立t检验,并发症计数资料采用χ²检验,P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。 结果腋下组患者手术时间低于胸乳组(P<0.05),两组患者出血量、引流量、引流管留置时间与住院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。腋下组患者皮下积液低于胸乳组(P<0.05),两组患者切口感染、甲状旁腺损伤、声音嘶哑的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);腋下组患者术后满意度显著高于胸乳组患者(Z＝6.377,P＝0.000)。 结论经腋下入路腔镜下单侧切除甲状腺住院时间短、并发症少、患者满意度高,值得临床推广。     

奥氮平与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症的双盲对照研究

目的评价奥氮平治疗精神分裂症的有效性及安全性。方法采用随机双盲对照试验．奥氮平组30例(男13例，女17例)，剂量范围5～20mg／d；氯氮平组31例(男16例，女15例)，剂量范围为25～400mg／d．结果奥氮平治疗精神分裂症的显效率为60％，有效率为77％；而氯氮平的显效率为55％，有效率为74％，两药的疗效无显著性差异。奥氮平的副反应较少，未发现白血胞减少及直立性低血压。结论奥氮平是一有效而安全的非典型抗精神病药物，对精神分裂症阴性阳性症状均有效。