论桂枝汤的双向调节作用

从中医理论出发,结合现代药理动物实验,分析桂枝汤对体温,汗液4及胃肠功能的双向调节作用的物质基础,以便进一步研究方剂对机体的双向调节作用,更好地为临床服务。     

Retinal Layers Measurements following Silicone Oil Tamponade for Retinal Detachment Surgery

This study aimed to investigate the influence of silicone oil on the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who underwent vitreoretinal surgery. The study included 47 patients (eyes), who underwent a pars plana vitrectomy with the silicone oil tamponade. The control group included unoperated eye of all participants. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used for the measurements of peripapilar and macular RNFL thickness. The average peripapillary RNFL thickness was significantly higher in the silicone oil filled eyes during endotamponade and after its removal. The eyes with elevated IOP had less thickening of the RNFL in comparison to the eyes with normal IOP. Central macular thickness and macular volume were decreased in the silicone oil filled eyes in comparison to the control eyes. In conclusion, silicone oil caused peripapilar RNFL thickening in the vitrectomized eyes during endotamponade and after silicone oil removal.     

恶性高血压性视网膜病变的光学相干断层扫描观察

目的　评价使用光学相干断层扫描（ｏｐｔｉｃａｌｃｏｈｅｒｅｎｃｅｔｏｍｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＯＣＴ）对恶性高血压性视网膜病变疗效观察的有效性。方法　对２６例（３１眼）恶性高血压性视网膜病变患者的资料进行回顾性分析,对比分析治疗前及治疗后１５ｄ、１个月、３个月时的视力、视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层厚度、黄斑区视网膜神经上皮层厚度和黄斑区６ｍｍ直径神经上皮总体容积的变化。结果　与治疗前相比,治疗后１５ｄ视力提高者２２眼,治疗后１个月为２６眼,治疗后３个月为２９眼。患者视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层厚度及黄斑区视网膜神经上皮层厚度治疗前为（３９３．２０±１８．０５）μｍ和（４８６．５８±６９．００）μｍ,治疗后１５ｄ、１个月、３个月分别为（３６３．２０±２６．８０）μｍ和（３９２．１３±３０．６５）μｍ、（３４２．７５±２５．８２）μｍ和（３１５．０３±２２．３３）μｍ、（３０５．６４±２３．３８）μｍ和（２１３．８７±２５．６８）μｍ;黄斑区６ｍｍ直径神经上皮总体容积治疗前为（１７．０４±３．３１）ｍｍ３,治疗后１５ｄ、１个月、３个月分别为（１１．０７±２．０２）ｍｍ３、（９．３６±０．９３）ｍｍ３、（８．４２±０．７５）ｍｍ３;各指标与治疗前比较差异均具有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）,治疗后各时间点间两两比较差异亦均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论　恶性高血压性视网膜病变的视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层厚度、黄斑区视网膜神经上皮层厚度和黄斑区６ｍｍ直径神经上皮总体容积变化与其病变程度相关,ＯＣＴ对恶性高血压性视网膜病变疗效评价具有重要意义,能够为病情的追踪和指导用药提供客观依据。     

[In Press] Optical coherence tomography with or without enhanced depth imaging for peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and choroidal thickness

AIM: To assess peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and choroidal thickness obtained with enhanced depth imaging (EDI) mode compared with those obtained without EDI mode using Heidelberg Spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: Fifty eyes of 25 normal healthy subjects and 32 eyes of 20 patients with different eye diseases were included in the study. All subjects underwent 3.4 mm diameter peripapillary circular OCT scan centered on the optic disc using both the conventional and the EDI OCT protocols. The visualization of RNFL and choroidoscleral junction was assessed using an ordinal scoring scale. The paired t-test, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), 95% limits of agreement (LoA), and Bland and Altman plots were used to test the agreement of measurements. RESULTS: The visibility score of RNFL obtained with and without EDI was of no significant difference(P=0.532), the visualization of choroidoscleral junction was better using EDI protocol than conventional protocol (P＜0.001). Peripapillary RNFL thickness obtained with EDI was slightly thicker than that obtained without EDI (103.25±9.42 μm vs 101.87±8.78 μm, P=0.010). The ICC of the two protocols was excellent with the value of 0.867 to 0.924, the 95% LoA of global RNFL thickness was between -10.0 to 7.4 μm. Peripapillary choroidal thickness obtained with EDI was slightly thinner than that obtained without EDI (147.23±51.04 μm vs 150.90±51.84 μm, P＜0.001). The ICC was also excellent with the value of 0.960 to 0.987, the 95% LoA of global choroidal thickness was between -12.5 to 19.8 μm. CONCLUSION: Peripapillary circular OCT scan with or without EDI mode shows comparable results in the measurement of peripapillary RNFL and choroidal thickness.     

近视眼黄斑部神经上皮层厚度变化规律的分析

目的探讨不同度数近视眼黄斑部视网膜神经上皮变化规律。方法 122例近视患者(239只眼),根据等效球镜度数分为低度近视组(≤-3.0 D)、中度近视组(-3.0 D~-6.0 D)、高度近视组(-6.0~-9.0 D)和超高度近视组(>-9.0 D),应用相干光断层扫描(OCT)分析黄斑区视网膜神经上皮层厚度与等效球镜度数及眼轴长度的关系。结果超高近视组距黄斑中心凹颞侧、上方、下方750μm处神经上皮厚度与低度近视组相比均有显著差异(P<0.05);高度近视组上方及下方750μm处神经上皮层厚度亦与低度近视组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),且超高近视组下方750μm处神经上皮厚度较中度近视组亦显著变薄(P<0.05)。黄斑中心凹部及鼻侧、颞侧、上方、下方175μm处视网膜神经上皮厚度与眼轴长呈正相关,而下方750μm处神经上皮厚度与眼轴长呈负相关,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。且各方位厚度分布均是上方视网膜最厚,下方与鼻侧次之,颞侧最薄。结论黄斑部神经上皮的损害随屈光度数增高和眼轴增长而呈区域性萎缩变薄,提示可能出现早期近视性视网膜损害。OCT是为观察此种损害的理想方法。     

频域-OCT在观察高眼压症视网膜神经纤维层及神经节细胞复合体中的应用

使用频域相干光断层扫描（ SD-OCT）观察高眼压症患者视盘形态学参数、视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）及黄斑区神经节细胞复合体（GCC）的表现。方法选取52例（96只眼）高眼压患者,按照眼压高低分为两组,与20例（40只眼）正常人进行SD-OCT检查,测量视盘形态学参数、整体平均RNFL厚度（RNFL-Avg）、上方平均RNFL厚度（RNFL-Sup）、下方平均RNFL厚度（RNFL-Inf）、整体平均GCC的厚度（GCC-Avg）、上方平均GCC厚度（ GCC-Sup）、下方平均GCC厚度（ GCC-Inf）,比较两组高眼压症患者与正常对照组之间的差异,并分析高眼压症组RNFL与GCC的相关性。结果两组高眼压症患者与正常对照组比较,视盘各形态学参数（ P ＞0．05）、RNFL-Avg（ P ＝0．9017）、RNFL-Sup（ P ＝0．9659）、 RNFL-Inf（ P ＝0．7465）、 GCC-Avg（ P ＝0．3498）、GCC-Sup（ P ＝0.4203）、GCC-Inf（ P ＝0．3071）均无显著的统计学差异。而RNFL与GCC在整体、上方及下方的厚度均呈明显的正相关（ r ＝0．5631 P ＝0．001;r ＝0．5122 P ＝0．005;r ＝0．5459 P ＝0．002）。结论 SD-OCT是一种比较敏感的能够观察到视网膜结构改变的检查方法,对青光眼的早期诊断具有重要的作用。高眼压症患者在眼压明显高于正常的情况下,并无RNFL及GCC的改变,对于高眼压症应该强调严格随诊。     

非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变光相干断层扫描研究

目的 探讨非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变(non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy,NAION)患眼远期视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度及其与视野检查结果的相关性.方法 回顾性病例对照研究.对2007年8月至2009年8月在无锡市,第二人民医院眼科21例单眼发病NAION患者42只眼(21只发病眼为实验组,21只对侧正常眼为对照组)进行了视网膜神经纤维层厚度的光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT),并检查视野(visual field,VF)、图形视觉诱发电位(pattern-reversal visual evoked potential,P-VEP)等检查.结果 NAION患者RNFL厚度较对照组变薄,上半侧易受累,相应下方视野缺损多见,且视盘非病变区域的RNFL厚度也比正常对照组相应区域变薄.平均RNFL厚度与视野平均缺损有相关性(r=0.38,P ＜0.05).结论 NAION患者远期盘周视神经纤维层厚度变薄,缺血区明显变薄,OCT检查非缺血区的RNFL厚度也变薄,提示NAION的RNFL丢失可能超过了视野检查的视野缺损的范围.NAION患眼盘周RNFL厚度与视野检查结果相关.     

Neural networks to identify multiple sclerosis with optical coherence tomography

Purpose:  To compare axonal loss in ganglion cells detected with spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in eyes of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) versus healthy control subjects using an artificial neural network (ANN). To analyse the capability of the ANN technique to improve the detection of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) damage in patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods:  Patients with multiple sclerosis (n = 106) and age‐matched healthy subjects (n = 115) were enrolled. The Spectralis OCT system was used to obtain the circumpapillary RNFL thickness in both eyes. The 768 RNFL thickness measurements provided by the Spectralis OCT were performed to obtain thickness measurements from 24 uniformly divided locations around the peripapillary RNFL. The performance of the ANN technique for identifying RNFL loss in patients with multiple sclerosis was evaluated. Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to display the ability of the test to discriminate between MS and healthy eyes in our population. ROC curves obtained using ANN and parameters provided by OCT (mean and 6 sector thicknesses) were compared. Results:  The capability of the ANN technique to detect RNFL loss in patients with multiple sclerosis compared with healthy subjects was good. The area under the ROC curve was 0.945. Compared with the OCT‐provided parameters, the ANN had the largest area under the ROC curve. Conclusions:  Measurements of RNFL thickness obtained with Spectralis OCT have a good ability to differentiate between healthy and individuals with multiple sclerosis. Based on the area under the ROC curve, the ANN performed better than any single OCT parameter.     

OCT测量视网膜神经纤维层厚度及视盘参数在青光眼早期诊断中的应用及意义

目的探讨光学相干断层扫描仪(optical coherence tomography,OCT)测量视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度及视盘参数在青光眼早期诊断中的应用及意义。方法青光眼患者120例(192眼)分为早期青光眼组42例(66眼)、中期青光眼组46例(76眼)和晚期青光眼组32例(50眼),另设正常对照组50例(82眼),均采用Topcon 3D OCT检测RNFL厚度和视盘参数,计算各个参数的受试者工作特征曲线下面积(are aunder the receiver operating characteristi ccurve,AROC),并对检测结果进行比较分析。结果正常对照组、早期青光眼组、中期青光眼组和晚期青光眼组的平均RNFL厚度分别为(112.31±9.34)μm、(105.45±6.74)μm、(82.19±7.28)μm、(52.48±7.85)μm;与正常对照组比较,各青光眼组的RNFL厚度差异均有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.01);各青光眼组之间两两比较差异也均有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.01)。与正常对照组相比,各青光眼组的视盘面积无明显变化,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05),而视杯面积、视杯容积、杯盘比、水平杯盘比和垂直杯盘比均显著增加,差异均有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.01);盘沿面积和盘沿容积均显著降低,差异均有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.01);各青光眼组间除视盘面积外,各参数差异也均有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.01)。在正常对照组与早期青光眼组和全部青光眼组之间,对于RNFL厚度来说,平均RNFL厚度的AROC值最大;对于视盘参数来说,杯盘比的AROC值最大。结论 RNFL厚度和视盘参数是早期诊断青光眼的敏感指标,OCT检测RNFL厚度和视盘参数有助于青光眼的早期诊断。     

薄层扫描法测定更年康冲剂中丹参酮ⅡA的含量

目的:测定更年康冲剂中丹参酮ⅡA的含量.方法:采用双波长薄层扫描法.结果:丹参酮ⅡA的点样量为0.50～2.50 μg,与吸收度积分值呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率98.50%,RSD＝1.71%.结论:该方法简便、灵敏、重现性好.