Three-dimensional electrode displacement elastography using the Siemens C7F2 fourSight four-dimensional ultrasound transducer

Because ablation therapy alters the elastic modulus of tissues, emerging strain imaging methods may enable clinicians for the first time to have readily available, cost-effective, real-time guidance to identify the location and boundaries of thermal lesions. Electrode displacement elastography is a method of strain imaging tailored specifically to ultrasound-guided electrode-based ablative therapies (e.g., radio-frequency ablation). Here tissue deformation is achieved by applying minute perturbations to the unconstrained end of the treatment electrode, resulting in localized motion around the end of the electrode embedded in tissue. In this article, we present a method for three-dimensional (3D) elastographic reconstruction from volumetric data acquired using the C7F2 fourSight four-dimensional ultrasound transducer, provided by Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc. (Issaquah, WA, USA). Lesion reconstruction is demonstrated for a spherical inclusion centered in a tissue-mimicking phantom, which simulates a thermal lesion embedded in a normal tissue background. Elastographic reconstruction is also performed for a thermal lesion created in vitro in canine liver using radio-frequency ablation. Postprocessing is done on the acquired raw radio-frequency data to form surface-rendered 3D elastograms of the inclusion. Elastographic volume estimates of the inclusion compare reasonably well with the actual known inclusion volume, with 3D electrode displacement elastography slightly underestimating the true inclusion volume.     

腰椎间盘突出症术后复发原因及防治对策

目的探讨腰椎间盘突出症术后复发的原因及预防措施。方法对本院2003-2007年42例腰椎间盘突出症术后复发患者进行了再手术,根据患者的病情进行分析。结果对42例再手术患者随访1～4年,平均2年,优良率为92％,总有效率为97％。结论术前细致、周全的检查,准确的定位及术式的合理选择是防范椎间盘突出症术后复发的关键。术中正确处理神经根管及椎管狭窄与椎体稳定性之间的关系,预防术后继发椎管狭窄,尽量多地切除髓核等方法能尽量保证首次手术的成功,预防术后复发。     

MIGRATION,ACCULTURATION, DISPLACEMENT: MIGRATORY WORKERS AND “SUBSTANCE ABUSE”

The following essays represent the topics and issues raised by the panel presenters. A diverse group of researchers came together to compare and contrast the substance use and “abuse” practices and patterns of marginalized groups in their region of the world. The panelists included researchers discussing: the hill people of Burma, Mäori in New Zealand, Algerians in France, Mexican-Americans in the United States and predominantly African-American homeless males in New York. We found many common themes. In particular, we found that each of the marginal populations increased their use of substances with increased time in the host society/culture. It was agreed that substance use is not only a process of adaptation but also a coping mechanism in, for the most part, hostile and unwelcoming environments. We also agreed that “abuse” of substances is not common to traditional cultures. Migration to a more modern society was accompanied by initiation and/or increase in substance use. When used at all, indigenous people tend to use substances in the controlled form of ritual and ceremony. The use of substances as a method of desensitizing to day-to-day stressors was adopted with exposure to the practises of their new surroundings. We found that there are more commonalities in the processes we examined than differences independent of location and race/ethnicity.     

SUTURING OF A TEXTURED BREAST IMPLANT FILLED WITH COHESIVE SILICONE GEL TO PREVENT DISLOCATION

We present a case of unilateral anchoring of a style 410 breast implant filled with cohesive silicone gel (McGhan) with four 3/0 braided polyester (Mersilene) sutures. Reoperation after one week and magnetic resonance scanning after six months showed no leakage or bleeding of the prosthesis. Fixation is possible because of the development of cohesive silicone gel in breast implants. Follow up of this patient is necessary for evaluation of long term results.     

桡动脉血管整体运动的初步模拟实验研究

为了加深对中医脉象的研究，我们利用清华大学生物力学研究室研制的脉象实验台对桡动脉的整体位移现象进行了初步研究。结果表明，在心血管系统正常生理状态下，桡动脉确实存在着整体位移运动。桡动脉上一点 移轨这是三维的闭合曲线，在血管横截平面上桡动脉整体位移的幅值大于其直径变化数值，同时还发现，寸关尺三点的位移轨迹在大小和形状上都存在较大的差异，这些结果说明，第一，桡动脉管的整体位移在中医脉象研究中可能有重要     

Treatment of protrusion of cervical intervertebral disc by Tuina

采用滚、按、一指禅、拔伸、斜扳、拿五经、扫散法等手法,治疗颈椎间盘突出症患者25例,结果治愈10例,显效14例,好转1例.     

Clinical Observation on Treatment of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation with Electroacupuncture plus Tuina： A Report of 120 Cases

取L4、L5、S1夹脊穴和环跳为主穴,根据病变部位配相应穴位,进行电针治疗,然后配合短杠杆微调手法治疗60例腰椎间盘突出症患者,并以牵引治疗60例为对照.治疗3个疗程后,有效率分别为933%和77.8%,两组疗效差异有统计意义(P＜0.05).     

Non-operative therapy for prolapsed lumbar intervertebral discs

目的:分析非手术疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的近期、远期疗效.方法:将165例腰椎间盘突出症患者按随机和单盲法分为牵引组、推拿组、推拿加功能锻炼组,治疗2个疗程后,评定近期疗效.然后将取得显效的102例患者按区组随机和单盲法分为功能锻炼组和对照组,随访1年观察两组复发率,并分别于治疗后6和12个月进行腰椎功能评定.结果:推拿组和推拿加功能锻炼组较牵引组近期疗效显效率差异有显著性(χ2=8.359,P＜0.01).功能锻炼组1年内的复发率明显低于对照组(χ2=12.631,P＜0.01).结论:推拿加功能锻炼是防治腰椎间盘突出症的有效方法.