Hématome rétroplacentaire. Diagnostic,prise en charge et pronostic maternofœtal : étude rétrospective de 100 cas

ObjectivesTo update knowledge on placental abruption because there are few recent series published although the perinatal care has progressed.Patients and methodsA retrospective observational study has been conducted on 100 consecutive cases of abruptio placentae, occurring from January 2008 to June 2011, in the two maternity units of the University Hospital of Strasbourg (France).ResultsOne hundred and five births among which five twin pregnancies were included. Clinical context was evident in 91% of cases, but the classic clinical triad was present in only 4% of cases. Clots were found at immediate placenta examination in 77% of cases. Pathological diagnosis was directly in accordance with clinical diagnosis in half the cases. Mean date of childbirth was 33 weeks of amenorrhea and 6 days. Sixty-seven patients gave birth prematurely. Among them, 50 patients delivered before 34 weeks. Sixty caesareans were performed in emergency before labor, including 47 with general anesthesia. Twelve patients had post-partum haemorrhage and ten coagulation disorders. There was no maternal death. Perinatal mortality was 19% with 13 fetal deaths in utero (12.4%), four children born in an apparent death state with resuscitation failure (3.8%) and three neonatal deaths (2.8%).Discussion and conclusionPlacental abruption is a serious and unpredictable situation. Joint medical care of obstetricians and intensivists is often required. Perinatal mortality mainly occurs in utero.     

Posterior polar cataract: A review

Posterior polar cataract is a rare form of congenital cataract. It is usually inherited as an autosomal dominant disease, yet it can be sporadic. Five genes have been attributed to the formation of this disease. It is highly associated with complications during surgery, such as posterior capsule rupture and nucleus drop. The reason for this high complication rate is the strong adherence of the opacity to the weak posterior capsule. Different surgical strategies were described for the handling of this challenging entity, most of which emphasized the need for gentle maneuvering in dealing with these cases. It has a unique clinical appearance that should not be missed in order to anticipate, avoid, and minimize the impact of the complications associated with it.     

非手术治疗创伤性脾破裂112例分析

目的探讨Ⅰ-Ⅳ级外伤性脾破裂治疗方式的选择。方法回顾分析我院近5年来112例Ⅰ-Ⅳ级外伤性脾破裂患者临床资料。结果112例Ⅰ-Ⅳ级外伤性脾破裂患者中一般保守治疗81例，介入栓塞止血11例，急诊开腹手术13例，中断保守治疗行开腹手术7例；入院时查CT腹腔未见游离液体或少量游离液体67例，保脾治疗成功67例；腹腔中量游离液体者45例，保脾治疗成功25例；按美国外伤外科学会AAST分级制订的脾脏损伤程度分级标准，Ⅰ级24例，Ⅱ级30例，Ⅲ级42例，Ⅳ16例。结论有选择的保脾治疗脾破裂是安全、有效的治疗方法，其中入院时血压稳定，腹腔无或少量游离液体者能保持较高的保脾治疗成功率；介入栓塞止血能显著提高保脾治疗的成功率。     

胎膜早破患者胎儿心电图分析

目的分析孕妇胎膜早破对胎儿心脏的影响。方法根据342例孕妇胎膜早破时间不同分为3组,分别为6-12h组,〉24h组及〉36h组,再对孕妇胎儿心电图改变进行对照分析。结果胎膜早破时间越长,对胎儿影响越大,出现异常胎儿心电图改变几率越大,预后亦较差。结论孕妇胎膜早破时间不同对胎儿心脏有不同程度影响,应及早治疗,减轻胎儿及新生儿病死率。     

Efficacy of the "Salento technique", a modified two-incision approach in distal biceps brachii tendon repair. Surgical description and outcomes analysis

IntroductionThe biceps brachii lesion needs to be treated surgically. A modified two incisions technique is proposed and reviewed. Material and Methods: All patients were treated with the same technique. The outcomes were measured with the Quick-DASH Score (QDS), and the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS). Postoperative complications and distal biceps tendon strength were registered also.ResultsAt one year from the trauma, the QDS and the MEPS were excellent in all patients. 72.97% fully recovered and returned to work after 6 months from the trauma.DiscussionThis technique, thanks to its preservation of anatomical structures, provides great outcomes.     

宫颈环扎术并发症

宫颈环扎术是治疗宫颈机能不全的唯一有效方法,其并发症发生率低,相关报道少,严重并发症罕见。最常见的并发症包括胎膜早破、绒毛膜羊膜炎、子宫内膜炎、围手术期出血、宫颈裂伤、环扎线或环扎带移位等,少见的并发症有膀胱宫颈瘘、输尿管宫颈瘘等,经阴道环扎的并发症较经腹环扎多。并发症的发生率因宫颈环扎的时机及适应证的不同而异。并发症常随孕周的增加及宫颈的扩张而增多,当胎膜破裂或宫颈扩张时行环扎术会增加并发症的发生风险。故应严格掌握适应证与禁忌证,选择适合的手术时机。已证明宫颈环扎的穿刺点和环扎带的位置直接影响妊娠结局,环扎带越接近宫颈内口效果越好。宫颈环扎后一般要限制体力活动,适当卧床休息,若子宫的敏感性增高给予孕酮和保胎药物,有感染病史及感染迹象者给予抗生素,重视阴道感染的筛查与治疗,密切监测母胎情况,关注宫颈环扎可能出现的并发症。开腹或腹腔镜环扎需剖宫产分娩,如有产兆,应即刻施术,避免发生宫颈裂伤或子宫破裂。