Acute Aortic Syndromes

Abstract

Acute aortic syndrome is a term that describes one of a number of different pathologic entities. Each of these conditions requires urgent or emergent evaluation and may possibly require surgical intervention. However, both entities may be unfamiliar to the nonsurgical (and in some cases, surgical) practitioner and they may mimic more common diseases or be missed entirely. An understanding of the processes, nomenclature, and management options is critical in optimizing patient care.     

Development of Trauma Care Systems

The modern-day history of trauma care system development encompasses a 45-year period. This report provides a timeline that highlights significant organizational andlegislative initiatives that established the foundation of the current trauma system in the United States. The rationale for moving toward a public health approach in addressing trauma system development is explored andsupported. Finally, the present-day issues confronting continued trauma system evolution andfuture opportunities are presented.     

Computer-based cognitive retraining: a controlled study

Microcomputers have gained popularity as treatment tools after severe head injury but there have been no controlled studies to show it the programmes used can modify behaviour or cognitive improvement. This paper describes a controlled study of such a training programme using three groups of subjects of ten each, one head-injured group using the computer, one head-injured group not using the computer, and a non-head-injured group. The study lasted 4 weeks. The only differences found were in the behavioural aspects of attention. Psychomotor and vigilance were not improved. The reasons for this are discussed.     

Complications of muscle injuries

Muscle injuries can be classified into strain injuries and contusions. Depending on the type of injury, different complications may occur, which in turn can be divided into early, intermediate and delayed complications. A prompt diagnosis of complications allows early treatment and permits to avoid harmful sequelae. Imaging studies, ultrasonography in particular, allow (recognizing) the assessment of complications whenever clinically suspected. In this article the most frequent complications of muscle injuries are presented.     

青少年和儿童牙冠与牙弓遗传度的研究

错畸形的病因学研究是口腔正畸学的热点之一。错畸形多具有遗传倾向,表现为亲代与子代之间牙及颅面性状的相似性,牙齿发育作为全身发育的一部分,环境因素可以通过影响基因的表型而使牙齿发育表现多种多样,但牙齿发育受遗传因素影响更大[1]。牙冠宽度是牙齿形态测量及牙量指数的重要指标,牙弓形状、大小与牙弓间隙分析、矫治后牙弓的稳定性密切相关。牙冠和牙弓的测量值在正畸诊断和治疗中具有重要意义。该文对遗传性因素影响牙齿和牙弓正常发育的研究现状进行概述,以期为错畸形的临床诊断和治疗提供参考。     

肝脏损伤诊治进展

随着影像学诊断和治疗技术的进展,肝脏损伤的非手术治疗越来越多地被接受.但对于有致命性大出血的严重肝脏损伤,尤其伴有肝后静脉损伤时,多予手术治疗,且死亡率和并发症发生率高.按照肝脏损伤的级别合理采用综合手术治疗方法,将明显改善治疗效果,第一肝门阻断(Pringle法)下肝切除是一重要治疗手段.肝后静脉损伤的主要对策是全肝血流阻断或转流下肝切除或肝切开显露和修补肝后静脉;难以耐受此术式时,肝周填塞是明智的选择.     

国产95式步枪所致猪肢体软组织贯通伤的MRI表现与病理学研究

目的分析猪肢体软组织枪伤后不同时间弹道及周围组织的MRI表现和病理学变化,为枪弹伤早期救治提供理论依据。方法将17只成年猪静脉麻醉后,取仰卧位,将右后肢悬吊固定于致伤架上,用国产95式步枪致伤,射击距离10m。于伤后2、6、12、24、48h及9、18d分别行MRI扫描和病理学检查。结果伤区组织的病理改变可分为原发弹道区、凝固性坏死区、碎裂区和变形区。凝固性坏死区宽1～3mm,在T2WI及增强T1WI上呈现"双低信号"现象;碎裂区和部分变形区呈现"双高信号"现象,但二者不能区分。结论国产95式步枪贯穿肢体软组织后伤区由内向外依次可分为原发弹道区、凝固性坏死区、碎裂区和变形区;MRI可清楚显示原发弹道和凝固性坏死区;碎裂区和变形区为围绕弹道外围的高信号区,病理组织学分界清楚。     

手部热压伤的早期修复(附43例报告)

目的 探讨早期清创、组织修复在热压伤治疗中的临床疗效。方法 分析43例不同程度手部热压伤患的病损特点并行临床分度，以便准确诊治、判断预后；全部病例采用早期手术治疗，轻度热压伤(即浅Ⅲ度烧伤)早期行切痂全厚或中厚皮片修复，中度和重度热压伤早期彻底清创保留间生态组织，应用血循环丰富的组织瓣修复创面。结果 42例创面一期修复，手功能和外形恢复满意：1例创面二期修复，手功能恢复差。结论 手部热压伤应早期手术清创，据病损程度选择良好的方法及时修复组织缺损，可最大限度地恢复手功能和外形，减少致残率，缩短疗程，获得较好的临床疗效。     

颌骨囊肿开窗减压术后应用囊肿塞治器患者的牙科焦虑症调查分析

目的：对颌骨囊肿开窗减压术后行囊肿塞治器患者的牙科焦虑症患病情况进行调查,并探讨与患者发生牙科焦虑症可能相关的因素。方法：选取2012年3月—2014年12月来我院修复科就诊的 198 例颌骨囊肿开窗减压术后行囊肿塞治器治疗的成人患者进行调查,采用改良牙科焦虑量表(MDAS)评估牙科焦虑症的发生情况,采用SPSS 22.0软件包对所得数据进行统计学分析。结果：颌骨囊肿开窗减压术后行囊肿塞治器患者的牙科焦虑症患病率为63.6%;χ₂检验结果显示,各因素组(性别、年龄、婚姻状况、视觉模拟量表(VAS)等级、是否初次来口腔门诊,不包括文化程度)的牙科焦虑症(DA)患病率的差异是具有统计学意义的(P<0.05);采用Logistic回归分析显示,本次调查的因素组中对牙科焦虑症的危险性较大的因素是性别、年龄、VAS等级、是否初次来口腔门诊因素;Spearman等级相关分析显示,VAS等级与MDAS分级为低度正相关,总体相关系数有统计学意义。结论：颌骨囊肿开窗减压术后行囊肿塞治器患者的牙科焦虑症患病率较高。患者的性别、年龄、婚姻状态、VAS等级、是否初次来口腔门诊对牙科焦虑症的发生有密切关系,患者经历囊肿开窗术疼痛程度与患牙科焦虑症焦虑水平呈正相关。