基于深度学习的用户健康词表构建方法研究

对基于深度学习的用户健康词表构建方法进行系统探索,阐述实验工具、过程及结果,对利用深度学习方法构建用户健康词表的适用性、结果影响因素进行探讨,指出该方法具有较高适用性但尚待提高应用成熟度。     

加减十枣汤外敷神阙穴配合深部热疗治疗恶性腹腔积液的疗效观察

[摘要]目的：探讨加减十枣汤外敷神阙穴配合深部热疗治疗恶性腹腔积液的临床疗效和安全性。方法：该研究回顾性分析我院48例恶性腹腔积液患者的临床资料,在常规支持治疗基础上予加减十枣汤外敷神阙穴配合深部热疗者为观察组（N=24）,仅予常规支持治疗者为对照组（N=24）,选取治疗满3周者,比较两组患者腹水的控制情况、临床症状及KPS评分的改善情况、利尿剂的使用及不良反应情况。结果：治疗前后两组患者的腹水指数差值、临床症状积分差值及利尿剂的使用情况差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,KPS评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗组发生轻度腹泻2例,局部皮肤发红3例,予对症治疗后好转。结论：加减十枣汤外敷神阙穴配合深部热疗可有效延缓晚期恶性肿瘤患者腹水的增加,改善其临床症状,并减少利尿剂的使用,可用于临床推广。     

Behavioral Abnormality along with NMDAR-related CREB Suppression in Rat Hippocampus after Shortwave Exposure

Objective To estimate the detrimental effects of shortwave exposure on rat hippocampal structure and function and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods One hundred Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups(25 rats per group) and exposed to 27 MHz continuous shortwave at a power density of 5, 10, or 30 m W/cm^2 for 6 min once only or underwent sham exposure for the control. The spatial learning and memory, electroencephalogram(EEG), hippocampal structure and Nissl bodies were analysed. Furthermore, the expressions of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR) subunits(NR1, NR2 A, and NR2 B), c AMP responsive element-binding protein(CREB) and phosphorylated CREB(p-CREB) in hippocampal tissue were analysed on 1, 7, and 14 days after exposure. Results The rats in the 10 and 30 m W/cm^2 groups had poor learning and memory, disrupted EEG oscillations, and injured hippocampal structures, including hippocampal neurons degeneration, mitochondria cavitation and blood capillaries swelling. The Nissl body content was also reduced in the exposure groups. Moreover, the hippocampal tissue in the 30 m W/cm^2 group had increased expressions of NR2 A and NR2 B and decreased levels of CREB and p-CREB. Conclusion Shortwave exposure(27 MHz, with an average power density of 10 and 30 m W/cm^2) impaired rats' spatial learning and memory and caused a series of dose-dependent pathophysiological changes. Moreover, NMDAR-related CREB pathway suppression might be involved in shortwave-induced structural and functional impairments in the rat hippocampus.     

甲状腺癌术中神经监测技术学习曲线的临床研究

目的 探讨甲状腺癌术中神经监测技术学习曲线的存在,降低喉返神经损伤并发症.方法 82例甲状腺癌患者行甲状腺癌根治术或联合根治术,解剖喉返神经147条,全部应用术中神经监测技术,“四步法”监测喉返神经功能,术中信号衰减幅度50％以上诊断喉返神经损伤,并判断损伤点和损伤原因.结果 喉返神经寻找时间为0.5～2 min,损伤率2.7％,喉返神经损伤病例均在术中诊断,损伤点均在喉返神经入喉点或临近入喉点的部位,损伤原因分别为牵拉、肿瘤粘连、热损伤和钳夹.按时间顺序分组以喉返神经的寻找时间和损伤例数生成甲状腺癌术中神经监测技术学习曲线,喉返神经寻找时间和损伤例数均有明显下降的趋势.结论 在甲状腺癌手术中应用术中神经监测技术存在技术学习曲线,有助于喉返神经的保护.     

老年髋部骨折术前下肢深静脉血栓形成高危因素及抗凝治疗分析

目的探讨老年髋部骨折术前下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的独立危险因素并评价抗凝治疗方案,为临床制定合理的抗凝方案提供参考。方法笔者回顾性分析自2014-01—2015-12诊治的536例老年(≥60岁)髋部骨折。对纳入的患者术前发生DVT的可疑危险因素(年龄、性别、是否多处骨折、是否合并恶性肿瘤病史、高脂血症、静脉血栓栓塞症病史、吸烟史、发生骨折至入院时间、糖尿病史等)进行统计分析,得到独立危险因素。对患者抗凝药物的使用情况进行整理分析,参照最新指南评价抗凝治疗方案是否合理。结果共纳入203例,其中术前并发DVT 53例。Logistic回归分析得出高脂血症、抗血小板药物服用史、静脉血栓栓塞症病史、发生骨折至入院时间、骨折前是否长期卧床是独立危险因素(P0.05)。入组患者在住院期间均使用低分子肝素进行DVT的防治,但是剂量疗程有所不同。结论合并高脂血症、既往静脉血栓栓塞症病史、骨折前长期卧床是老年髋部骨折术前并发DVT的独立危险因素,而骨折前有抗血小板药物服用史、发生骨折至入院时间24 h则是有利因素。老年髋部骨折患者抗凝方案基本符合指南推荐,但合理性仍有待改进。     

人工全膝关节置换术后深部感染的治疗

目的探讨人工全膝关节置换术后深部感染的治疗方法和临床效果。方法1994～2003年对9例人工全膝关节置换术后深部感染患者分别采用抗生素治疗;关节镜下清创、灌洗;切开清创、灌洗;清创后一期假体再置换;清创后二期假体再置换等不同治疗方法。对以上治疗方法采用自身前后对照的方法进行回顾性分析,HSS膝评分标准评估临床治疗效果。结果3例抗生素治疗,2例治愈,1例感染未控制,改行关节切开清创、灌洗治愈;2例关节镜下清创、灌洗治疗,1例治愈,1例感染未控制,改行关节切开清创、灌洗治愈;2例清创后一期假体再置换治愈;2例清创后二期假体再置换治愈。9例均获随访,平均随访51.2个月,均无感染复发。HSS膝评分由38分(21～52分)增加至74分(53～85分),膝关节平均活动度由45°(20°～108°)增加至80°(60°～105°)。结论每一种治疗方法都有其适应证和优缺点,应根据具体病情选择合理治疗方法。关节镜下清创损伤小,可最大程度恢复关节功能,但其彻底性不如切开清创,二期假体再置换临床治疗效果可靠。     

Silver nitrate mimicking a foreign body in the pharyngeal mucosal space

Silver nitrate is sometimes used as a means of chemical cauterization for control of minor bleeding and management of hypergranulation tissue following bedside head and neck procedures. There are only few reports available on the imaging appearance of silver nitrate and its potential to mimic a foreign body. We report a case of a patient presenting with dysphagia, odynophagia, and fever following dental work who had a peritonsillar incision and drainage for treatment of a deep neck space infection. During the procedure, silver nitrate was applied to halt the bleeding. Patient was subsequently transferred to another institution. Since the patient was not showing significant clinical improvement on antibiotic therapy, a computed tomography (CT) scan was performed demonstrating a hyperdense structure lodged in the pharyngeal mucosal space in the oropharynx and soft palate that was mistaken for a foreign body such as bone. Silver nitrate can have density similar to bone but does not have the normal architecture of bone with cortex and marrow on CT. Familiarity with the appearance of silver nitrate on CT, lack of bone architecture, and proper documentation and communication of the use of silver nitrate to the consultant radiologist and medical personnel could help avoid misdiagnosis and potentially unnecessary surgical exploration.     

Clinical outcomes following treatment of deep surgical site infection after fixation of calcaneal fractures: A retrospective case-control study

IntroductionDeep surgical site infection (SSI) may be a complication of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of calcaneal fractures. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with deep SSI following ORIF of calcaneal fractures via extensile lateral approach (ELA). We compared clinical outcomes of these patients, with a minimum follow-up of one year after successful treatment of deep SSI with a matched control group.MethodsIn this retrospective case-control study, demographic data, fracture characteristics, bacterial pathogens, medical treatments and surgical approaches were collected, also the outcome was evaluated by the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, foot function index (FFI) and AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score. The differences in Böhler and Gissane's angles between infected and contralateral feet were measured. By matching a control group of uninfected cases, clinical outcomes were compared between 2 groups using the Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsAmong 331 calcaneus fractures in 308 patients (mean age, 38.0 ± 13.1; male/female ratio, 5.5), 21 had deep SSI (6.3 %). There were 16 (76.2 %) males and 5 (23.8 %) females with a mean age of 35.1 ± 11.7 years. Thirteen (61.9 %) patients had unilateral fractures. The most common Sanders Type was found to be type II. The most frequent type of detected microorganisms was Staphylococcus species. Intravenous antibiotic therapy, mostly clindamycin, imipenem and vancomycin, based on the microbiological results, was prescribed with a mean±SD duration of 28.1 ± 16.5 days. The mean number of surgical debridements was 1.8 ± 1.3. Implants needed to be removed in 16 (76.2 %) cases. Antibiotic-impregnated bone cement was applied in three (14.3 %) cases. The clinical outcomes of 15 cases (follow up, 35.5 ± 13.8; range, 12.6–64.5 months) were 4.1 ± 2.0, 16.7 ± 12.3 and 77.5 ± 20.8 for VAS for pain, FFI % and AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score, respectively. Comparing with the control group (VAS for pain, 2.3 ± 2.7; FFI %, 12.2 ± 16.6, and AOFAS, 84.6 ± 18.0), only VAS pain was statistically lower in this group (p-value: 0.012). The differences in Böhler and Gissane's angles between both feet of infected cases were − 14.3 ± 17.9 and − 7.7 ± 22.5 (worse in the infected side), respectively.ConclusionProper on-time approaches to deep infection following ORIF of calcaneal fractures may lead to acceptable clinical and functional outcomes. Sometimes aggressive approaches with intravenous antibiotic therapy, multiple sessions of surgical debridement, removal of implants and antibiotic impregnated cement are necessary to eradicate deep infection.Level of evidenceLevel III.     

MEBT/MEBO联合微粒皮种植治疗Ⅲ度深型烧伤的疗效观察

目的探讨烧伤湿性医疗技术(Moist Exposed Burn Therapy/Moist Exposed Burn Ointment,MEBT/MEBO)联合微粒皮种植治疗Ⅲ度深型烧伤的临床疗效。方法 10例Ⅲ度深型烧伤患者在全身治疗的基础上,采用MEBT/MEBO联合微粒皮种植治疗,观察创面愈合率、愈合时间及愈合质量。结果 10例患者创面均愈合,愈合率为100%,愈合时间为45~140 d,平均愈合时间为78 d,愈后皮肤有轻度瘢痕形成,但无功能障碍和畸形。结论 MEBT/MEBO联合微粒皮种植治疗Ⅲ度深型烧伤创面,操作简便,能有效缩短Ⅲ度深型烧伤创面的愈合时间,提高创面愈合率及愈合质量,疗效显著,值的临床推广应用。