血管内超声在冠状动脉支架置入术中的使用和护理体会

目的：分析血管内超声在冠状动脉支架置入术中的使用和护理体会。方法：选择本院2013年3月-2014年3月80例拟在血管内超声下行冠状动脉支架置入术的患者作为研究组,同时选择80例同一时间在本院使用传统方法进行冠状动脉支架置入术的患者作为对照组,对比两组患者的治疗效果以及术后冠状动脉再狭窄情况,分析血管内超声在冠状动脉支架植入术的使用效果。结果：研究组的治疗效果明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。研究组出现冠状再狭窄5例,对照组出现冠状再狭窄8例,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：血管内超声在冠状动脉支架置入术的应用中治疗效果明显,推荐使用。     

Solitaire AB支架机械取栓联合动脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中疗效观察

目的 探讨应用Solitaire AB支架机械取栓联合动脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的安全性及效果。方法 选取2010年1月至2014年10月应用Solitaire AB支架机械取栓联合动脉溶栓治疗的18例急性缺血性脑卒中患者, 评价其疗效和预后。结果 18例患者经支架机械取栓结合动脉溶栓后均成功获得全部或部分再通。术前与术后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分相比, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3个月后疗效评估, 17例改良Rankin评分(mRS)显示预后良好, 其中0分10例, 1分6例, 2分1例;1例预后不良, mRS 4分。18例患者复查均无血管再闭塞等并发症。结论 应用Solitaire AB支架机械取栓联合动脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中是相对安全、有效的, 但应严格把握手术适应证。     

Efficacy and safety of ticagrelor monotherapy in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:We aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety ticagrelor monotherapy following percutaneous coronary intervention.Methods:Online databases were searched for relevant studies (published between the years 2015 and 2020) comparing 1-month Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) followed by 23-month ticagrelor monotherapy with 12-month DAPT followed by 12-month aspirin monotherapy following percutaneous coronary intervention. Primary outcomes assessed efficacy whereas secondary outcomes assessed safety. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on a random effect model were calculated and the analysis was carried out by the RevMan 5.3 software.Results:Only 6 studies were selected for this meta-analytical research. The meta-analysis results: MI(OR:0.96, 95% CI:0.86–1.06, P = .40), stroke (OR:1.04, 95% CI: 0.87–1.25, P = .68), stent thrombosis (OR: 0.91,95% CI:0.76–1.10,P = .32),New-Q Wave (OR:0.85,95% CI: 0.72–1.00, P = .05), all cause death (OR:0.91, 95% CI: 0.87–0.96, P < .0001), death from cardiovascular (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.58–0.99, P = .04), revascularization (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87–0.99, P = .03). Ticagrelor monotherapy was associated with a significantly lower rate of myocardial Infarction (MI), stroke, stent thrombosis, all cause death, death from cardiovascular and revascularization (OR:0.91,95% CI:0.87–0.96, P < .0001) when compared to DAPT. Besides, DAPT was associated with a significantly higher rate of BARC3 or 5 bleeding (OR:0.85, 95% CI: 0.68–1.06; P = .16) when compared to ticagrelor. When bleeding was further subdivided, minor or major bleeding was also significantly higher with DAPT (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.41–1.27; P = .26). GUSTO moderate or severe bleeding was also significantly higher with DAPT (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.39–1.52; P = .45).Conclusion:Ticagrelor monotherapy after short-term dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) can optimize ischemic and bleeding risks. And, it can reduce the occurrence of events outcome (MI, revascularization, stroke, stent thrombosis).     

血管内超声指导药物洗脱支架置入对合并慢性肾脏病患者长期预后的影响:ULTIMATE CKD亚组分析

目的评估血管内超声(IVUS)指导药物洗脱支架(DES)置入对慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者长期临床结局的影响。方法研究对象来源于ULTIMATE研究,该研究是一项前瞻性、多中心、随机对照研究,从2014年8月到2017年5月在国内8家中心入选1448例置入DES的冠心病患者,按1∶1的比例随机分为两组(接受IVUS或冠状动脉造影指导支架置入)。本研究选取ULTIMATE研究中有基线血肌酐值的患者1443例,分为CKD组和非CKD组。CKD的定义为Cockcroft-Gault(CG)公式得出的估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)<60 ml·min^-1·1.73 m^-2至少3个月。主要终点是术后3年靶血管失败(TVF),包含心原性死亡、靶血管心肌梗死和临床症状驱动的靶血管血运重建。采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,通过log-rank检验比较各组的终点事件发生情况,并采用Cox风险比例模型计算HR及其95%CI,同时检验交互作用。采用多因素Cox回归分析TVF的独立影响因素。结果本研究共入选1443例置入DES的冠心病患者,其中CKD组349例(24.2%),非CKD组1094例。CKD组中采用IVUS指导支架置入者180例,造影指导支架置入者169例;非CKD组中采用IVUS指导支架置入者543例,造影指导支架置入者551例。3年临床随访率为98.3%(1418/1443)。术后3年时,CKD组的TVF发生率为12.0%(42/349),高于非CKD组的7.4%(81/1094)(P=0.01),其差异主要来源于CKD组更高的心原性死亡率[4.6%(16/349)比1.5%(16/1094),P<0.001]。CKD组中IVUS指导下置入支架者的TVF发生率低于造影指导下置入支架者[8.3%(15/180)比16.0%(27/169),P=0.03]。而非CKD组共81例发生TVF,其中IVUS指导下置入支架者的TVF发生率与造影指导下置入支架者差异无统计学意义[5.9%(32/543)比8.9%(49/551),P=0.06],不存在交互作用(P=0.47)。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,IVUS指导(HR=0.56,95%CI 0.39~0.81,P=0.002)、CKD(HR=1.83,95%CI 1.17~2.87,P=0.010)和支架长度(每增加10 mm)(HR=1.11,95%CI 1.04~1.19,P=0.002)是置入DES术后3年发生TVF的独立影响因素。结论对于置入DES的冠心病患者,合并CKD者术后3年的TVF发生风险高于非CKD患者;相比于冠状动脉造影,IVUS指导DES置入可以降低CKD患者的TVF风险。     

Endoscopic vacuum-assisted closure of upper intestinal anastomotic leaks

BACKGROUND: Management of intrathoracic anastomotic leaks remains an interdisciplinary challenge. Established treatment options include percutaneous drainage, endoscopic closure, or even surgical revision. All these procedures are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. OBJECTIVE: We report a new, effective endoscopic treatment option for intrathoracic esophageal anastomotic leaks by using an endoscopic vacuum-assisted closure system. PATIENTS: Two patients with intrathoracic anastomotic leaks after esophagectomy and gastrectomy were included. METHODS: Surgical reinterventions failed to seal the leaks in 1 patient, whereas in the other patient the anastomotic leakage persisted after endoscopic placement of 2 covered self-expanding metal stents. We endoscopically placed transnasal draining tubes that were armed with a size-adjusted sponge at their distal tip in the necrotic anastomotic cavities. Continuous suction was applied. Sponge and drain were changed twice a week. RESULTS: No complications were noted during the course of treatment. After a median of 15 days, closure of the wound cavities was achieved in all cases. A median of 5 endoscopic interventions was necessary. Both patients returned gradually to a solid diet without recurrence of the leaks. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic vacuum-assisted closure might be an effective alternative in the treatment of upper intestinal anastomotic leaks.     

Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Duration Determines Outcome After 2- But Not 1-Stent Strategy in Left Main Bifurcation Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate clinical outcomes after left main coronary artery (LM) bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and the impact of the duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) according to treatment strategy.

Late coronary stent thrombosis: early vs. late stent thrombosis in the stent era.

The incidence of coronary stent thrombosis is < 1%-2% in recent studies, with the highest-risk period considered to be the first 30 days following stent implantation. Recently, stent thrombosis after 30 days has been reported in patients undergoing brachytherapy with stenting. We reviewed the incidence of stent thrombosis causing myocardial infarction in nonbrachytherapy patients at our institution between 1 January 1996 and 30 November 1999. A case control methodology was employed with a 1:3 ratio of stent thrombosis to control patients. Of 1,191 patients undergoing coronary stenting, acute (< 24 hr) plus subacute (1-30 days) stent thrombosis occurred in 0.92% (11 of 1,191 patients). A further 0.76% (9 of 1,191 patients) developed late stent thrombosis after 30 days. There were no clinical or angiographic features at the time of the initial procedure that were associated with stent thrombosis as an entire group compared with control group, but early (acute and subacute) stent thrombosis patients had a smaller final stent minimal lumen diameter and longer stent length compared with patients who had late stent thrombosis or controls. Late stent thrombosis occurs in nonbrachytherapy patients and is almost as frequent as early stent thrombosis. Further studies are required to determine whether longer-term poststent pharmacological treatment may decrease or prevent this complication.     

Ultrasound velocity criteria for carotid in-stent restenosis.

OBJECTIVE: To examine duplex ultrasound (US) criteria for carotid in-stent restenosis (ISR). BACKGROUND: Carotid artery stent (CAS) placement is an alternative to surgery for the treatment of carotid stenosis in high surgical risk patients. US is the primary method used to follow carotid stent patency. This study investigates US velocity measurements in carotid ISR. METHODS: Two hundred sixty consecutive patients with CAS placement from June 2000 to June 2004 were followed with serial US. ISR was determined by using the standard US velocity criteria for nonstented carotid artery using peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and internal carotid artery to common carotid velocity ratio (ICA/CCA ratio). Patients suspected of having carotid ISR > or =50% by US, underwent invasive angiography with stenosis graded by NASCET criteria. Results were compared to patients with nonstented carotid artery stenosis using Two-tailed Student's t-test. RESULTS: PSV and ICA/CCA ratio increased to a greater degree in ISR. In 50-69% stenotic arteries, the mean ICA/CCA ratio was 2.76 +/- 0.7 in the ISR group compared to 2.04 +/- 0.3 in the nonstented carotid group (P < 0.05). In > or =70% stenotic arteries, there were increases in PSV (520 +/- 93 vs. 362 +/- 60, P < 0.05) and ICA/CCA ratio (7.58 +/- 2 vs. 4.51 +/- 1.3, P < 0.05) in ISR versus nonstented carotid arteries, respectively. CONCLUSION: PSV and ICA/CCA ratio in ISR increased to a greater extent for angiographic stenosis > or =50%. PSV 240 cm/sec and ICA/CCA ratio 2.45 are optimal thresholds for > or =50% ISR, and PSV 450 cm/sec and ICA/CCA ratio 4.3 are optimal thresholds for > or =70% ISR.     

Abciximab for the treatment of acute distal embolization associated with internal carotid artery angioplasty.

Carotid artery angioplasty and stent placement (CAS) can be complicated by procedure-related distal embolization and thrombus formation, potentially resulting in neurological sequelae. Patient A had CAS of left internal carotid artery and had loss of vision in the left eye with no flow in the left ophthalmic artery. Patient B had CAS of right internal carotid artery and developed left sided hemiparesis with total occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery. A selective intra-arterial injection of 5 mg of abciximab locally followed by a bolus of 5 mg of abciximab intravenously resulted in complete resolution of the filling defect on repeat angiography after 10 min in both patients.     

Feasibility of laparoscopic surgery after stent insertion for obstructive colorectal cancer

Introduction

A growing number of patients with obstructive colorectal cancer are being treated with self‐expanding metallic stents (SEMS) followed by laparoscopic resection. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of stent insertion and laparoscopic surgery for obstructive colorectal cancer and to compare these outcomes to regular laparoscopic surgery for non‐obstructive colorectal cancer.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of patients with a malignant colonic obstruction who underwent SEMS placement followed by elective laparoscopic resection. The comparison was made between stent‐laparoscopy and laparoscopy alone for non‐obstructive colorectal cancer.

Results

Colonic stenting as a bridge to surgery was successful in 97.1% of all cases. Fifteen patients underwent an elective laparoscopic surgery for left‐sided colon and rectal cancer after SEMS. The mean interval from SEMS insertion to laparoscopic surgery was 21.5 days. There was no conversion to open surgery and no need for a diverting stoma. One patient (6.7%) experienced paralytic ileus. Our comparison of stent‐laparoscopy to regular laparoscopy for non‐obstructive colorectal cancer treatment showed comparable short‐term postoperative outcomes with the exception of blood loss, which was greater in the stent‐laparoscopy group.

Conclusion

Elective laparoscopic surgery after colonic stenting is a safe and feasible strategy for the treatment of an acute malignant colonic obstruction.