Stratégies d’approvisionnements et comportements alimentaires de familles recourant à l’aide alimentaire: le cas des multi-glaneurs

Various categories of poor people resort to food aid in France. We will focus on families who make a multiple and simultaneous use of several different food programs in a dense urban environment. Thus we’ll outline certain aspects of the food aid structure and of its nutritional consequences. We’ll shed light on how these families keep a not-so-close relationship with the various fields of social aid and on how they parrallely make tremendous psychosocial efforts, sometimes since childhood, to find strategies to cope by themselves even though these very strategies may set them apart from the rest of society. Through the recounting and the detailed analysis of a paradigmatic case of a Rmiste (whose household lives on 4 € per head a day), we’ll try to draw a clear picture of this social situation and of the practical strategies and arguments which turn food into a flexible budget item, liable to be reduced in order to pay other bills (such as the rent in particular).     

蛇床子总香豆素对去卵巢骨骼的影响(英文)

蛇床子总香豆素(TCFC)5g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)ig,每周6次,持续7wk。不脱钙骨制片测量。结果:(1)去卵巢喂水模型组胫骨骨小梁明显减少(-44％),出现骨吸收大于形成的骨高转化率。(2)用TCFC治疗的去卵巢组与(1)比胫骨骨小梁的面积增加( 41％),并降低骨高转化率的指标使基本接近对照组(除类骨质外,但矿化延迟时间不变)。本文提示TCFC可能防止绝经早期由骨高转化率引起的骨丢失。     

精神科护生临床带教中的探讨与体会

目的:探讨护理程序中评估、计划、实施、评价四步法在精神科护生带教中的临床应用及效果。方法:评估护生基本情况与实习任务,制定带教计划并实施。在实施过程中采用评学评教的方法,了解教与学双方人员对计划、措施的实施情况及效果,及时改进带教方法。结果:提高了临床带教质量和护生的综合能力,收到了较好的教学效果。结论:运用护理程序相关步骤进行护生临床带教是一种行之有效的方法。     

卡介苗体外对急性淋巴细胞性白血病患儿细胞毒性T淋巴细胞杀伤HL-60细胞效应的影响

目的：探讨卡介苗（BCG）体外对急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)患儿外周血细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）杀伤HL-60细胞效应的影响。方法：应用Ficoll-Hypaque法分离ALL患儿（白血病组）和健康儿童（对照组）的外周血单个核细胞,在白介素-2（IL-2）、植物血凝素（PHA）和BCG作用下诱导成CTL细胞;应用流式细胞仪测定CD3、CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+比例变化;应用MTT法检测CTL对HL-60细胞的杀伤力。结果：培养前2 d,对照组和白血病组CTL细胞数量及体积均无明显变化,第3天开始两组细胞均开始增殖,体积变大,6～10 d达高峰;培养至第10天时,加入BCG的白血病组和对照组细胞数量分别较无BCG的白血病组和对照组增多;白血病组CD3+CD8+比例明显高于对照组,经BCG作用后两组CD3+CD8+比例均明显升高;白血病组CTL对HL-60细胞的杀伤力明显低于对照组。结论：BCG可协同IL-2、PHA体外促进CTL细胞增殖并提高其对HL-60细胞的杀伤力。     

膝关节前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤的临床诊治分析

目的：探讨膝关节前交叉韧带损伤的临床诊断和相应的治疗措施,并分析其优势。方法：收治膝关节不稳定患者46例f47膝）,经前抽屉试验,Lachman试验、轴移试验、磁共振检查和关节镜检查,确诊膝关节前交叉韧带损伤．分为完全损伤和不完全损伤,行关节镜下自体肌腱（股薄肌肌腱和半腱肌肌腱）重建术。结果：所有患者均获得随访,随访时间6～24个月,平均12．5个月,术后早期未见严重并发症,Lysholm膝关节功能评分86．78±7．23分,平均9067±8．57．较手术前4714±8．20分,平均52．14±4．25分有明显改进。结论：膝关节前交叉韧带损伤,表现为膝关节不稳定,关节镜下双股单束或4股双柬重建前交叉韧带,手术损伤小,手术后关节功能恢复满意,是较为理想的一种治疗方法。     

Psychosocial work environment and prediction of job satisfaction among Swedish registered nurses and physicians - a follow-up study

In Sweden, the health care sector was subject to considerable changes during the 1990s: decreased costs, related staff redundancies and high rates of sick leave. The situation has now changed, and the sector is not facing the same all-embracing and turbulent changes. In addition, there is a shortage of nurses and physicians and a difficulty in retaining qualified staff. Regarding the psychosocial work environment, there is a lack of studies where both physicians and nurses are in focus. It is from a managerial perspective important to take a holistic approach towards questions regarding the work environment in general and the psychosocial work environment in particular. The aims of this study were to analyse similarities and differences in Registered Nurses and physicians' experience of quantitative and qualitative demands, control, role conflicts, role clarity, social support and job satisfaction in 2002 and 2009 and to analyse the stability in the prediction of job satisfaction over time. Questionnaires regarding psychosocial work environment aspects were distributed in 2002 and 2009, and a total of 860 nurses and 866 physicians answered the questionnaire. Independent t tests and linear stepwise regression analyses were conducted. The results indicate that the work environment has improved between 2002 and 2009 and that nurses experience their psychosocial working environment as more satisfactory than physicians. Social support, control, role conflicts, role clarity and qualitative demands were the best predictors of job satisfaction in 2002 and 2009. Quantitative demands did not contribute to predicting job satisfaction. Variables predicting job satisfaction are quite stable over time and are quite comparable for both nurses and physicians.     

肺癌患者血清促血管生成素2水平及其临床意义

目的 分析不同病理分型、不同临床分期的肺癌患者中促血管生成素-2(Ang-2)的表达水平,进一步探讨该病的发病机理,为临床诊断提供依据.方法 对112例肺癌患者,16例健康体检者进行血清Ang-2检测,同时进行血清中其他相关肿瘤标志物检测.比较不同病理分型、临床分期及远处转移患者血清Ang-2的不同.结果 非小细胞肺癌患者血清Ang-2水平高于正常对照组(与鳞癌比较Sig 值为0.049,P＜0.05;与腺癌比较Sig值为0.011,P＜0.05);非小细胞肺癌Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者血清Ang-2水平高于对照(与Ⅲ期比较Sig值为0.013,P＜0.05;与Ⅳ期比较Sig值为0.000,P＜0.001);远处转移患者血清Ang-2水平非常显著高于非远处转移者(Sig值为0.008,P＜0.01);结论 分析血清Ang-2水平对肺癌患者的临床诊断、预测转移和预后判断均有临床价值,应用Ang-2与其他肿瘤标志物联合检测可提高患者诊断阳性率.     

Comment évaluer l’environnement alimentaire à l’aide des systèmes d’information géographique ? Revue méthodologique

In the framework of the ELIANE (Environmental links to physical activity, nutrition and health) research project, a literature review was performed to investigate geographic information systems (GIS) methods used to define the food environment and the types of spatial measurements they generate. Twenty-nine papers were included. The aim of these studies was either to compare food outlet spatial accessibility between different neighbourhoods or to investigate relationships between characteristics of the spatial accessibility measures and individual food behaviour. A first approach was focused on availability of facilities with the aim to quantify the number of food outlets using the buffer method, kernel density estimation or spatial clustering. The second approach was focused on proximity with the aim to assess the distance to food outlets by measuring distances or travel times. GIS methods provide new approaches for assessing the food environment by modelling spatial accessibility to food outlets.     

栀子、首乌对小鼠卡介苗炎症诱导抑郁模型的抗抑郁作用的实验研究

目的腹腔注射卡介苗（BCG）,建立炎症相关抑郁模型,明确栀子、首乌对炎症诱导抑郁模型的抗抑郁作用和机制。方法小鼠腹腔注射卡介苗200 mg.kg-1,吗氯贝胺组和栀子首乌组同时分别给予吗氯贝胺75 mg.kg-1和栀子首乌500 mg.kg-1水溶液灌胃,观察药物对动物体重、自主活动和强迫游泳实验中不动时间的影响。同时,使用ELISA法检测脑组织吲哚胺-23,-过氧化酶（IDO）和N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体（NMDAR1）含量。结果与模型组比较,栀子首乌药不能对抗BCG引起的小鼠体重下降（P〉0.05）,对小鼠的自主活动没有明显影响（P〉0.05）,但能明显缩短BCG模型小鼠强迫游泳不动时间（P〈0.05）,同时降低了脑组织中IDO和NMDAR1含量（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论 BCG腹腔注射能引起动物抑郁样行为,栀子、首乌选择性增加小鼠不动时间,显示出一定的抗抑郁作用,其作用机制与抑制IDO活性减少五羟色胺（5-HT）代谢,下调NMDAR1减轻神经元毒性损伤有关。     

Hereditary complement deficiency in Tunisian adults with purulent meningitis

Inherited complement deficiency is a rare disease. It predisposes to autoimmune diseases, glomerulonephritis, angioedema, and meningococcal meningitis. A prospective study was conducted over five years. The goal was to evaluate the prevalence of deficiency in Tunisian patients presenting with community acquired purulent meningitis and identify the type of deficiency. We enrolled 122 patients, 15 of whom presented with a complement deficiency (12.3%). This prevalence was higher than the one observed in the global Tunisian population and in reported international data. The mean age of deficient patients (13 men and two women) was 24.7 years.