10%盐水冰袋的研制及临床应用

目的　探讨有效实用的临床物理降温方法。方法　选内、外科发热病人及五官科术后病人 10 0例随机分为对照组和观察组各 5 0例 ,对照组采用传统的冰块冰袋 ,观察组用自行研制的 10 %盐水冰袋 (冰霜状 )进行物理降温。结果　 10 %盐水冰袋低温持续时间长 ,冰袋松软 ,接触体表充分 ,易于固定 ,病人自觉舒适 ,降温、止血、止痛效果明显优于传统的清水冰袋 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　 10 %盐水冰袋制作简单、操作方便 ,在临床、社区、家庭护理中可广泛推广使用。     

923份住院病历抗菌药使用情况调查分析

目的：调查住院患者抗菌药使用情况，提高临床合理使用抗菌药水平。方法：抽取深圳市属某综合医院2004年4月1、4、7、10、13、16、19、22、25、28日共10d34个临床科室的所有出院病历923份，对其抗菌药使用情况进行统计分析。结果：75．1％的患者(693／923)使用了一共86种抗菌药(其中头孢菌素类27种)，其中514例患者使用了2种以上的抗菌药，34例患者使用了6种以上的抗菌药，最多者使用了17种抗菌药。手术科室抗菌药使用率和联合用药率均明显高于非手术科室。仅87例进行了微生物学检查和药敏实验。没有一例进行血药浓度监测。结论：抗菌药使用广泛，比例偏高；多凭经验用药，缺少药敏实验依据。用药方案不尽合理，存在滥用现象。     

Piracetam in acute stroke: a systematic review

We studied whether the administration of piracetam in acute, presumed ischemic stroke affects case fatality and functional outcome. The Cochrane Stroke Group strategy was used to evaluate all randomized controlled trials of patients with presumed ischemic stroke examined within 48 h; death and (when available) functional outcome were used as end points. Three studies were included; the most recent one contributed more than 97% of the data. There were 501 patients treated with piracetam and 501 controls. Piracetam was associated with a nonsignificant 31% increase in the odds of death (95% CI –5% to 81%). This result was due almost completely to the effect of the larger trial, which, however, reported that the difference in case fatality rate between piracetam and control disappeared after correcting for the imbalance in stroke severity between the two groups. Data on functional outcome were available only for the largest study, and no difference was reported. Data obtained from the manufacturer suggested a nonsignificant trend (–10%) towards reduction in dependency with piracetam (CI –33% to 20%); the proportions of patients dead or dependent in the two groups were the same. Relevant adverse effects were not reported. The evidence from this review does not support routine administration of piracetam in patients with acute ischemic stroke; however, since a possible beneficial effect cannot completely be ruled out, further controlled trials are warranted. Received: 31 August 1999/Received in revised form: 3 November 1999/Accepted: 25 November 1999     

Mode of delivery in the early preterm infant (<28 weeks)

Elective caesarean section for women in labour with an immature baby might reduce the chances of fetal or neonatal death, but might also increase the risk of maternal morbidity. A review (updated in February 2004) of randomised trials comparing a policy of elective caesarean section versus expectant management with recourse to caesarean section produced six studies involving only 122 women. Differences in fetal outcome did not reach significance, but mothers undergoing elective caesarean section were more likely to have serious morbidity. Scientifically, the evidence remains inadequate. Clinically, the recommendation is that prematurity is not, in itself, an indication for caesarean section. In a survey from Israel, published in December 2004, of 2955 very low birthweight infants born at 24–34 weeks of gestation, the overall caesarean section rate was 51.7%, and the mortality rate among babies prior to discharge was lower after caesarean section (13.2 versus 21.8%). After adjustment using multiple logistic regression, caesarean section had no effect on survival except in a subgroup with amnionitis, and it was again concluded that caesarean section cannot be routinely recommended unless there are other indications. A decision model developed in the USA has compared costs and health outcomes of two options for managing labour at 24 weeks of gestation. The probabilities of both intact survival (16.8 versus 12.9%) and survival with major morbidity (39.2 versus 19.4%) are higher with willingness to perform caesarean section, but less aggressive management is the more cost-effective strategy. Large studies are few and recruitment to such studies is perceived as a major problem. For clinicians, the decision will be influenced by local circumstances.     

成人肺炎支原体肺炎173例临床分析

目的分析成人肺炎支原体肺炎的临床特点,探讨治疗策略。方法综合分析173例成人肺炎支原体肺炎的临床资料。结果80.9%病人年龄<40岁,男∶女为0.89∶1;96.5%病人有发热,其中高热(T>39℃)占42.8%;85.0%病人有咳嗽,49.1%病人有咳痰,仅69.4%病人肺内可闻及干、湿性口罗音;肺外并发症总发生率18.6%,未发现严重肺外并发症;胸部影像学表现示81.5%病人有肺内病变,其中54.3%为斑片状影;予以大环内酯类抗生素治疗,全部治愈。结论成人肺炎支原体肺炎主要见于青壮年,老年病人较少,无性别差异;临床症状重于肺部体征,有影像-体征分离现象,且严重并发症及重症病人少;大环内酯类抗生素疗效明显。     

岗梅根清喉颗粒的制备及临床疗效观察

目的研究岗梅根清喉颗粒的制备方法,并观察其临床疗效。方法与草珊瑚含片对照比较,观察其治疗咽喉炎症的临床疗效,并进行动物急性毒性试验。结果符合颗粒的质量要求。动物试验LD50>1208g生药/kg。治疗组与对照组总有效率均在85%以上,两者对咽喉炎症均具有明显的治疗作用。结论本颗粒组方合理,工艺可行,无毒性;临床疗效满意。     

Helical CT in the primary trauma evaluation of the cervical spine: an evidence-based approach

This review provides a summary of the cost-effectiveness, clinical utility, performance, and interpretation of screening helical cervical spine CT for trauma patients. Recent evidence supports the use of helical CT as a cost-effective method for screening the cervical spine in high-risk trauma patients. Screening cervical spine CT can be performed at the time of head CT to lower the cost of the evaluation, and when all short- and long-term costs are considered, CT may actually save money when compared with traditional radiographic screening. In addition to having higher sensitivity and specificity for cervical spine injury, CT screening also allows more rapid radiological clearance of the cervical spine than radiography. Patients who are involved in high-energy trauma, who sustain head injury, or who have neurological deficits are candidates for CT screening. Screening with CT may enhance detection of other potentially important injuries of the cervical region. Received: 17 March Revision requested: 14 April 2000 Revision received: 19 July 2000 Accepted: 19 July 2000     

补肾复活汤治疗48例老年股骨颈骨折的疗效观察

目的:探讨补肾复活汤对老年股骨骨颈骨折患者的治疗效果.方法:用补肾复活汤内服治疗老年股骨颈骨折48例,设对照组48例,通过1～6个月的治疗,观察治疗后骨折的愈合情况.结果:治疗组患者折愈合率达64.6%.结论:补肾复活汤有明显改善骨折端的血液循环,促进骨折愈合的作用.     

不同灸法治疗原发性痛经的临床研究进展

目的:通过对近十年不同灸法治疗原发性痛经的临床研究文献进行整理分析,了解各种灸法治疗原发性痛经的临床疗效,以期择优选择适宜灸法治疗原发性痛经。方法:以"灸""原发性痛经""功能性痛经"为主题词,在中英文数据库上检索近十年(2010年1月—2020年2月)灸法治疗原发性痛经临床研究文献。结果:临床上灸法治疗原发性痛经的方法众多,主要以温和灸、温针灸、热敏灸为主,应用灸法治疗原发性痛经最多的证型是寒凝血瘀型(或寒湿凝滞型),但大部分临床研究未进行辨证给予艾灸治疗痛经以及同种证型痛经应用不同灸法的疗效差异未进行比较。结论:各种灸法治疗原发性痛经的临床疗效均较显著,但疗效差异不详,故今后要开展更多高质量的临床研究不同灸法治疗痛经之间疗效差异,明确不同证型痛经所适宜的灸法以提高临床疗效。