NK细胞对异基因骨髓移植中移植排斥和造血及免疫重建的影响

本研究探讨自然杀伤（NK）细胞在小鼠异基因骨髓移植（allo—BMT）中对移植排斥、造血及免疫重建的影响。以C57BL／6（H-2^b）小鼠为供鼠、BALB／c（H-2^d）小鼠为受鼠，分别在致死剂量和非致死剂量（≤7．0Gy）全身照射（TBI）的预处理条件下进行allo—BMT，移植同时输注供鼠外周T细胞和（或）NK细胞，移植后不同时间检测受鼠外周血白细胞、骨髓CD34^＋细胞数和外周血淋巴细胞中CD3^＋细胞、CD19^＋细胞及供鼠来源的H-2K^b＋细胞表达的百分率，并对不同移植组的存活率、植入与排斥、造血及免疫重建进行比较。结果表明：在致死剂量TBI预处理的移植中，输注NK细胞与不输注NK细胞的移植组比较，存活率显著增高（60天存活率为70％vs 0．0％）；白细胞数、CD19^＋细胞表达及骨髓CD34^＋细胞数恢复快；H-2K^b＋细胞的表达水平高[（86．68±4．45）％vs（4．68±0．32）％]。移植后28天输注NK细胞组CD3^＋细胞表达水平明显低于不输注NK细胞组[（33．69±3．36）％们（50．40±5．06）％，P〈0．01]，移植后60天两组比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。在非致死剂量TBI预处理的移植中，移植后30天．异基因骨髓移植组H-2K^b＋细胞表达率明显下降，移植后60天已下降至移植前水平；而输注高浓度和低浓度NK细胞的两组在移植后60天仍能检测到80％以上的H-2^b＋细胞表达。结论：在小鼠allo—BMT中，同种异基因反应性NK细胞可以抑制移植排斥，提高造血干细胞的植入水平，促进造血及免疫重建并增加移植受鼠的生存率。     

脐血中CD34+CD38+细胞含量对急性白血病患者移植后造血重建的影响

为了探讨非亲缘脐血移植中CD34+ CD38+ 细胞回输量对造血重建的影响 ,采用流式细胞术分析复苏后的CD34+ CD38+ 细胞数 ,并对 2 0例急性白血病患者的体重、中性粒细胞 (ANC)和血小板 (Plt)恢复时间进行测定。结果表明 :2 0例接受的CD34+ CD38+ 细胞输入量为 (9.85 - 32 5 .71)× 10 4/kg ,其ANC恢复 >5× 10 8/L的中位时间为 18 5 (11- 32 )天。在 19例患者中Plt恢复 >2× 10 10 /L的中位时间为 4 5 (12 - 118)天。CD34+ CD38+ 细胞输入量与ANC和Plt恢复时间存在相关 ,r值分别为 - 0 .5 77(P <0 .0 1)和 - 0 .5 0 3(P <0 0 5 )。结论 :CD34+ CD38+细胞含量与造血恢复时间相关 ,足量输入CD34+ CD38+ 细胞可能使植入提前     

川芎嗪对骨髓移植小鼠CD44表达的作用研究

为探讨川芎嗪对骨髓移植小鼠早期造血重建过程中黏附分子CD44表达水平的影响，将BALB／c小鼠随机分为3组：正常对照组，骨髓移植对照组(简称对照组)和骨髓移植 川芎嗪治疗组(简称川芎嗪组)，对照组和川芎嗪组每天分别胃饲生理盐水和川芎嗪。于骨髓移植(BMT)后第7，14，21，28天处死小鼠，计数外周血细胞、骨髓有核细胞，分析骨髓中造血组织面积及成熟红细胞容量，用流式细胞术和免疫组织化学检测骨髓细胞上CD44的表达水平．并于第10天取小鼠脾脏，计数脾集落形成单位。结果显示，骨髓移植后第7，14，21，28天川芎嗪组外周血白细胞、血小板、骨髓有核细胞计数、骨髓中造血组织面积均显著高于移植对照组，外周血红细胞计数在第7，14，21天也较对照组为高；同时．川芎嗪组CFU-S计数明显高于同期移植对照组，骨髓中成熟红细胞容量则显著低于对照组，川芎嗪组C44的表达在第7，14，21，28天明显高于对照组。结论：川芎嗪可提高骨髓移植小鼠骨髓细胞表面CD44的表达水平，促进造血干／祖细胞的归巢，加速移植后骨髓的造血重建。     

急性脑出血患者下丘脑垂体激素变化的研究

目的:探讨急性脑出血患者发生脑内脏综合征的高危因素。方法:以电化学发光法测定37例急性期脑出血患者、24例脑梗死患者血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)水平的变化,并与30名健康体检者作对照。分析血清FSH、TSH、ACTH水平与脑出血患者病情程度、出血量、出血是否破入脑室或是否有脑中线结构移位的相关性。结果:脑出血组和脑梗死组的血清FSH、TSH水平均较对照组为低,且脑出血组低于脑梗死组(P均<0.01);脑出血和脑梗死组的血ACTH水平均较对照组高,且脑出血组高于脑梗死组(P均<0.01)。脑出血的病情越重、出血量越大、出血破入脑室或有脑中线结构移位时,患者血清FSH、TSH水平越低,ACTH水平越高。结论:在脑出血的危急状态下,机体可能发生类似于休克时血流重新分布的神经内分泌功能重新组合。     

Novel strategies for improving hematopoietic reconstruction after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or intensive chemotherapy

Introduction: High-dose conditioning regimens for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) as well as intensive poly-chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) induce prolonged periods of neutropenia. The duration of the neutropenia is particularly long following umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT).

Areas covered: After briefly reviewing the impact of hematopoietic growth factors administration to hasten hematologic reconstitution after allo-HCT or intensive AML chemotherapy, this article summarizes recent approaches that have been investigated to prompt hematologic reconstruction after UCBT or intensive AML chemotherapy.

Expert opinion: In the allo-HCT setting, administration of G-CSF or GM-CSF shortened the duration of the neutropenia but failed to decrease infection-related mortality or to improve survival. Novel approaches to hasten hematological reconstruction after UCBT such as double UCBT with expansion of one of the 2 UCB units with Notch ligand, mesenchymal stromal cells, nicotinamide, or StemRegenin 1, co-transplanting a single UCB unit with HLA-haploidentical CD34+ cells, or increasing UCB HSC homing to marrow niches via direct intra bone UCB administration, pulse treatment with dmPGE2 or enforced fucosylation are promising and deserve further investigations in prospective phase III studies. In the AML setting, G-CSF or GM-CSF administration after intensive chemotherapy decreased the duration of the neutropenia without improving survival.     

单倍体相合骨髓移植白血病患者造血重建的临床研究

为研究未去除T细胞的单倍体骨髓移植后造血重建的特点 ,对 15例HLA 2 - 3个位点不匹配骨髓移植亲属供者使用G CSF 3- 4 μg/ (kg·d) ,连续 7天后采髓。预处理方案采用大剂量阿糖胞苷联合环磷酰胺和全身照射。应用环孢菌素A和氨甲喋呤、抗胸腺细胞球蛋白及霉酚酸酯 (MMF)预防移植物抗宿主病。移植后观察血像、骨髓像、行染色体分析及HLA位点鉴定。移植后分别于 3,6和 12个月及 2年追踪鉴定植入状态。结果发现 ,15例患者全部移植物植入 ,移植后中性粒细胞 >0 .5× 10 9/L和血小板 >2 0× 10 9/L的时间分别为 18(13- 2 3)天及 2 2 (16- 32 )天。骨髓像显示各系造血均恢复。 7例应用染色体检查 ,8例应用HLA位点 ,4例应用血型 ,1例应用DNA指纹检测 ,植入鉴定结果除 1例复发患者于移植后 2个月骨髓复发植入鉴定为供、受者嵌合外 ,其他患者均呈持续全部稳定植入。移植后发生I度急性GVHD 8例 ,II-IV度GVHD 5例 ,可评价的慢性GVHD共 8例。结论 :供者应用G CSF后采髓 ,加大预处理剂量 ,联合应用作用机理不同的多种免疫抑制剂进行HLA单倍体的骨髓移植 ,可跨越人类HLA多样性屏障。     

T- and B-cell immune reconstitution and clinical outcome in patients with multiple myeloma receiving T-cell-depleted, reduced-intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation with an alemtuzumab-containing conditioning regimen followed by escalated donor lymphocyte infusions

Summary. Immune reconstitution after conventional allogeneic transplantation is a major determinant of survival. We conducted a detailed investigation of T‐ and B‐cell immune reconstitution and clinical outcome in 19 patients with multiple myeloma undergoing reduced‐intensity stem cell transplantation using in vivo T‐cell depletion with alemtuzumab. These patients experienced delayed T‐cell recovery, particularly in the naïve (CD45 RA⁺) CD4 compartment. T‐cell receptor spectratype analysis showed a reduced repertoire diversity, which improved rapidly after the administration of donor leucocyte infusions and subsequent conversion to full donor T‐cell chimaerism. Post‐transplant recovery of CD19⁺ B cells was also delayed for up to 18 months. Spectratype analysis of IgH CDR3 repertoire revealed a gradual normalization in IgM spectratype complexity by 6–12 months after transplant. There was a high incidence of viral infection, particularly cytomegalovirus reactivation, but the regimen‐related mortality was low, perhaps because of the very low incidence of acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD; grade I‐II skin GVHD was seen in 5/19 patients). Over 80% of all patients have relapsed at a median of 283 (range 153–895) d after transplant, suggesting that the initially low rate of GVHD comes at a high price with regard to the desired graft‐versus‐myeloma effect.     

The emerging role of epigenetics in cellular and organismal aging

Genome modifications resulting from epigenetic changes appear to play a critical role in the development and/or progression of cancer. Scatter experimental evidence suggests that epigenetic changes could also be critical determinants of cellular senescence and organismal aging. Here we review the current evidence and discuss how imbalances in chromatin remodelers might trigger irreversible growth arrest in proliferating cells and tissues. Experimental data using drugs that target specific chromatin remodeling enzymes suggest that such approach could lead to the development of novel therapeutic modalities for the prevention or amelioration of some age-related dysfunctions.     

单倍相合异基因骨髓移植前后骨髓像分析

目的观察单倍相合异基因骨髓移植前后骨髓像、造血能否重建。方法对22例患者造血干细胞移植前骨髓穿刺抽吸涂片镜检;骨髓移植成功出层流室首次骨髓穿刺抽吸涂片;每月定期复查骨髓穿刺抽吸涂片镜栓。同时观察外周血涂片和骨髓涂片2张或2张以上。结果22例患者单倍相合并基因造血干细胞移植后骨髓像全部达到正常,完全缓解。移植成功随访,其中6例患者随访中骨髓细胞出现少许病态造血现象,2例出现纯红细胞性再生障碍性贫血（PRCA）,余14例骨髓正常。结论单倍相合并基因骨髓移植能够使白血病和重型再障骨髓重建。造血重建恢复期可能继发骨髓增生异常综合症（MDS）和PRCA。