安徽及周边省份绵羊和山羊隐孢子虫分子特性分析

目的　调查安徽及周边省份绵羊和山羊隐孢子虫流行情况及分子特性。方法　选择安徽省及其周边的河南、江苏和山东部分地区的7个规模化绵羊场和10个规模化山羊场，分别采集832份和781份新鲜绵羊和山羊粪便样品，利用隐孢子虫SSU rDNA基因特异的巢氏PCR技术对所有样品进行检测，调查上述地区绵羊和山羊隐孢子虫感染和虫种分布；对获得的微小隐孢子虫和泛在隐孢子虫进行gp60基因扩增与分析，以鉴定其基因亚型。结果　安徽及周边省份绵羊和山羊隐孢子虫感染率分别为5.8%（48/832）和8.7%（68/781）。SSU rDNA基因分析显示，绵羊感染的隐孢子虫为肖氏隐孢子虫和泛在隐孢子虫，山羊感染的隐孢子虫为微小隐孢子虫。gp60基因分析显示，泛在隐孢子虫基因亚型均为XIIa亚型2，微小隐孢子虫基因亚型均为IIdA19G1。结论　人兽共患泛在隐孢子虫XIIa亚型2和微小隐孢子虫 IIdA19G1基因亚型的鉴定，提示绵羊和山羊可能为人隐孢子虫感染的潜在来源。     

重庆市世行贷款/英国赠款中国结核病控制项目中期评估

目的 评价重庆市世行贷款/英国赠款中国结核病控制项目的 实施情况,为制定项目中期调整计划提供科学依据.方法 根据卫生部的中期评估调查表,收集2002-2005年全市40个区县常规监测等相关资料,汇总分析.结果 项目覆盖全市40个区县,DOTS覆盖率100%;4年来可疑者就诊率由16.90/万到28.38/万,提高了67.8%;新发涂阳病人登记率由31.54/10万到44.27/10万,提高了40.4%;初治涂阳病人治愈率94.1%,复治涂阳病人治愈率88.9%.结论 项目实施4年达到中期目标和全球结核病控制阶段性目标.但要控制结核病疫情,确保〈规划〉目标的全面实现,任务艰巨,任重而道远.     

Forensic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the Chinese Han population from Chongqing Municipality,Southwest China

Chongqing Han is an important southern Han group, but investigations on its paternal genetic structure are still limited. Here, we analyzed the forensic and phylogenetic characteristics of the Chongqing Han population based on 27 Y-STR and predicted Y-SNP markers. Based on AMOVA, haplogroup distribution and network analysis, we explored the genetic relationship between Chongqing Han, other Chinese groups and some southern indigenous groups (speaking Kra-Dai, Austronesian, etc).     

Effects of black cohosh on the plasminogen activator system in vascular smooth muscle cells

Objective

The rhizome of the Cimicifuga racemosa plant (commonly known as black cohosh) has been used for menopausal complaints. Studies regarding the cardiovascular effects of black cohosh are lacking. We investigated the effect of black cohosh on the plasminogen activator system in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).

Methods

VSMCs were isolated from rat aortae. Expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) proteins were evaluated by Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The activities of PAI-1 and t-PA in the conditioned media were assessed by fibrin overlay zymography. A 40% 2-propanol extract of black cohosh was used.

Results

Black cohosh extract (BcEx) stimulated the protein expression of PAI-1, but it did not affect that of t-PA. Vitamin E, a potent antioxidant, inhibited the BcEx-induced increase in PAI-1 expression, while ICI 182,780, an estrogen receptor antagonist, had no effect. Fibrin overlay zymography revealed that BcEx increased the activity of PAI-1 in the conditioned media, while concurrently decreasing that of free t-PA by inducing a binding to PAI-1.

Conclusions

BcEx induces PAI-1 protein expression in the VSMCs likely via an oxidant mechanism. It also stimulates the enzyme activity of PAI-1 and reduces that of free t-PA. These findings suggest that black cohosh might exert a negative influence on fibrinolysis.     

COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM) in India: a formidable challenge

Together with the ongoing serious COVID-19 second wave in India, a serious fungal infection, mucormycosis has been increasingly found in COVID-19-recovered patients. Colloquially known as ‘black fungus’, mucormycosis commonly causes necrosis in the head and neck including the nose, paranasal sinuses, orbits, and facial bones, with possible intracranial spread. The disease causes high morbidity and mortality given that it progresses rapidly and diagnosis is often delayed. Given the sheer magnitude of the outbreak, the Indian Health Ministry has advised all states to declare mucormycosis an epidemic. Typically, the disease has been found to be linked to COVID-19 infections caused by the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant, which has spread rapidly throughout the country. This variant has already become a cause for global concern, having spread to at least 40 countries, including the USA and UK. We present the findings of a study conducted on COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM) patients, and discuss the associated risk factors to raise awareness for OMFS colleagues.     

上前牙区即刻种植修复的软组织效果评估

目的：评估上前牙区即刻种植联合即刻修复的软组织效果。方法上前牙区单牙即刻种植患者26例,微创拔牙后植入ZIMMER TSV种植体,获得良好初期稳定性并实施即刻修复,经过6～12个月骨结合和牙龈塑形后完成上部修复,观察负重6个月后牙龈组织情况。结果26例患者完成骨整合及最终修复,负重正常,无探诊出血、牙龈红肿,近中龈乳头、远中龈乳头及龈缘高度降低分别为（0．52±0．22） mm、（0．56±0．31） mm 和（0．71±0．34） mm,差异无统计学意义（F＝1．297,P＝0．29）。结论上前牙区单牙即刻种植联合即刻修复存在不同程度的软组织退缩。     

三峡库区重庆段斯氏肺吸虫病流行病学及临床研究-附58例斯氏肺吸虫病误诊原因分析

目的为了解重庆地区人群斯氏肺吸虫病流行的现状、临床表现和诊断，并分析导致其误诊的原因。方法进行肺吸虫病现场流行病学调查和收集误诊病例的临床资料。采用肺吸虫抗原皮试（IDT）和ELISA检测易感人群；检测中间宿主溪蟹的肺吸虫囊蚴携带率以及保虫宿主犬、猫的肺吸虫感染情况。结果重庆地区人群的IDT阳性率为14．36％（104／724），ELISA为21．96％（92／419），当地溪蟹的肺吸虫囊蚴携带率为4．08％，虫种鉴定为斯氏肺吸虫（Pagumogonimus skrjabini）。三峡库区的人群有生食和半生食溪蟹的习惯，且感染与职业、年龄有关，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；并分析了58例斯氏肺吸虫病的误诊原因。结论重庆地区人群的肺吸虫病呈点状、散在流行，并有局部扩散流行的可能性。应加强肺吸虫病防治知识的宣传和教育，制定相应的防制措施，阻断该病在重庆地区的流行。     

黑色先端帽联合窄带光成像在结肠镜检查中的作用

目的评估黑色先端帽辅助结肠镜联合窄带光成像（narrow band imaging,NBI）技术对腺瘤/息肉检出效能的影响。方法连续纳入2016年10月—2018年10月行结肠镜检查的患者,采用随机数字表法分为黑色先端帽组和对照组,黑色端帽组采用黑色先端帽辅助结肠镜联合NBI技术,对照组采用标准白光结肠镜,比较两组的息肉检出率、腺瘤检出率等指标,并进行亚组分析。结果共1 000例患者纳入本研究（每组500例）,黑色先端帽组和对照组近端结肠腺瘤检出率分别为24.2%(121/500)和17.2%(86/500),近端结肠息肉检出率分别为28.8%(144/500)和21.4%(107/500),平均腺瘤检出数分别0.41±0.94和0.26±0.68,平均息肉检出数为0.63±1.16和0.40±0.85,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,但该联合技术对于远端结直肠病变的检出率相较对照组无明显优势。结论黑色先端帽辅助结肠镜联合NBI能显著提高近端结肠腺瘤和息肉等微小病变的检出效能。