微波配合中西药物雾化吸入治疗慢性咽炎临床观察

目的：探讨微波配合中西药物雾化吸入治疗慢性咽炎的疗效.方法：将门诊确诊为慢性咽炎的628例患者随机分成治疗组314例和对照组314例.治疗组行微波治疗后给予中西药物雾化吸入治疗,对照组给予中西药物雾化吸入治疗,14天为一疗程,比较两组疗效.结果：治疗组显效279例、有效35例、无效0例;对照组显效109例、有效182例、无效23例,治疗组治愈率明显高于对照组,X2=5.77（0.11〈P〈0.05）,两组比较有显著性差异.治疗组病程＜6天279例、6～12天35例、＞12天0例;对照组病程＜6天0例、6～12天26例、＞12天288例,治疗组治疗病程显著短于对照组,X2=93.09（P〈0.01）,两组比较有显著性差异.结论：微波配合中西药物雾化吸入能明显提高慢性咽炎的治愈率,缩短病程.     

国家自然科学基金中医药肿瘤领域研究项目资助概况

该文对1986—2016年度国家自然科学基金中医药肿瘤领域研究项目资助情况进行回顾,从资助数量、资助经费、资助类别以及项目的主要研究内容等方面概述资助项目的特点,同时为项目申请提出建议,旨在为相关领域基金申请者提供参考。     

常用中药饮片用量问卷调查报告

在全国不同区域,选取18个省市的21家医院,采用分层抽样和简单随机抽样相结合的方法,收集调查问卷1704份,进行统计分析.通过调研发现,78.4%的专家认为有必要修订药典对饮片用量的规定,中医临床医生认为<中国药典>规定的中药用量普遍偏小,有必要加以部分修订,为制定用量新标准提供了依据.     

东北地产药用植物数据库的建设与应用

为了满足现代教学、科研手段的需要,我们开展了东北地产药用植物数据库的建设工作.本文就数据库系统的开发、研究方法、特色与创新、应用效益等方面内容进行介绍,希望能对其他数据库建设提供有益的借鉴.     

大鼠α_1肾上腺素受体及其亚型影响β肾上腺素受体介导心肌正性变力效应的途径

在大鼠心脏上同时激动α１肾上腺素受体（α１－ＡＲ）与β－肾上腺素受体的（β－ＡＲ），较单独激动β－ＡＲ时产生的ｃＡＭＰ明显减少，α１Ａ－ＡＲ亚型抑制，而α１Ｂ－ＡＲ亚型增强β－ＡＲ刺激ｃＡＭＰ生成的作用。但α１－ＡＲ及其亚型激动不影响ｆｏｒｓｋｏｌｉｎ引起的ｃＡＭＰ生成，亦不影响β－ＡＲ与［１２５Ｉ］吲哚洛尔的最大结合容量和解离常数。苯福林激动α１－ＡＲ对三磷酸鸟苷使异丙肾上腺素与［１２５Ｉ］吲哚洛尔的竞争抑制曲线右移程度无显著影响。提示α１－ＡＲ及其亚型影响β－ＡＲ心肌正性变力效应的作用发生在腺苷酸环化酶激动之前的环节，但并不影响β－ＡＲ本身及其与Ｇ蛋白的偶联。     

中国不同地区三棱的化学特征比较

Objective: To compare the chemical characters of Sparganii Rhizoma from different areas via chromatographic analysis and to establish a sensitive LC/MS method for quality assessment of Sparganii Rhizoma.Methods: Under the optimised HPLC-PDA chromatographic conditions,twenty batches of Sparganii Rhizoma were analyzed by HPLC fingerprints.Principal component analysis(PCA),orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)and hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)were performed based on all peak areas of Sparganii Rhizoma fingerprints.Meanwhile,part of common peaks were subsequently quantified by UFLC-QTRAP-MS.Results: The similarity values of HPLC fingerprints fluctuated in a wide range of 0.511–0.973,which showed variable differences of chemical characters among Sparganii Rhizoma from twenty habitats.PCA,OPLS-DA and HCA indicated that samples could be divided into five groups with different chemical characters,which generally corresponded with their geographical distributions.A total of 31 peaks in HPLC fingerprints were marked,and eight of them were identified and quantified.The quantitative result was generally in agreement with the classifications based on HPLC fingerprints,which indicated that Sparganii Rhizoma samples from eastern China mostly contained more contents including phenolic acids and flavonoids.Conclusion: This study not only proved that there were relationships between geographic distributions and internal chemical compositions of plants,which could provide evidence to the traditional Chinese medicine concept "geo-authentic",but also supplied a sensitive and rapid simultaneous quantitive method for the quality estimation of Sparganii Rhizoma.     

Eye Care Use Among Rural Adults in China: The Handan Eye Study

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the use of eye care services in a rural population in North China and to analyze the factors associated with underuse of these services.

Methods: In a cross-sectional population-based study, demographic, health and vision-related information including use of eye care services were determined during a face-to-face interview. A single visit to an eye care provider qualified as “use” of eye care services.

Results: Of 6612 participants, 754 (11.4%, 95% confidence interval, CI, 8.7–14.1%) had used eye care services. The most common reason cited for not seeing an eye care provider was “no need” (n?=?5754). Of the 5754 who thought that there was no need to see an ophthalmologist, 3458 (60.1%) were found to have one or more type of eye disease, including glaucoma (56, 1.0%), cataract (1056, 18.4%), age-related macular degeneration (AMD; 164, 2.9%) and refractive error (3048, 53.0%). Also, 74 (1.3%) and 409 (7.1%) of the 5754 participants had visual impairment (<20/60) according to best-corrected visual acuity and presenting visual acuity, respectively. In a multiple regression model, participants who had glaucoma (adjusted odds ratio, OR, 4.0, 95% CI 3.0–5.4), AMD (adjusted OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.3) or refractive error (adjusted OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1–1.8), were more likely to visit an eye care provider.

Conclusion: A high proportion of the Chinese rural population had never used eye care services although three fifths had eye diseases. Further efforts towards better education of the general population about common eye problems as well as increasing the number of ocular health providers would be necessary in future.     

3种银杏叶制剂治疗冠心病心绞痛的成本—效果分析

目的:比较3种银杏叶制剂治疗冠心病心绞痛的成本-效果。方法:将103例符合诊断标准的冠心病心绞痛患者按照不同的用药方案分成A组(34例)、B组(35例)、C组(34例)。A、C组分别给予生产厂商及规格不同(2mL vs.5mL)的舒血宁注射液20mL、B组给予银杏达莫注射液20mL,3组均静脉滴注,qd,治疗14d后观察疗效,并进行成本-效果分析。结果:3组心绞痛改善总有效率分别为70.59%、91.43%、73.53%。成本分别为5207.86元、3575.46元、5065.06元,成本-效果比分别为7377.62、3910.60、6888.43。结论:与A、C组比较,B组治疗方案成本-效果比更优。     

中医临床处方饮片用量调研报告(内科)

目的：调研中医内科临床处方饮片用量，为制定中药饮片用量标准提供依据。方法：在全国不同区域，选取18个省市的21家医院，采用分层抽样和简单随机抽样相结合的方法，收集门诊中医内科内服汤剂处方269 882张，构建中药饮片用量数据库，基于Weka数据挖掘软件进行统计分析。结果：明确了300味药物的中医内科临床用药频次、相应的用量区间、及其与《中国药典》规定用量不相符合的155味药物具体的用量，大多数药物的临床用量区间为(3-6］，(9-12］，(12-15］，(18-21］ 4个区间，具体集中在3，6，10，12，15，20 g等用量上。结论：《中国药典》部分中药的规定用量与中医内科临床实际用量严重不符，需要修订，并为制定用量新标准提供了依据。     

Association between Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and Depression after Ischemic Stroke

Background: Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes after stroke. However, the association between malnutrition and post-stroke depression (PSD) remains unelucidated. We aimed to explore the association between geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and depression after ischemic stroke. Methods: In total, 344 patients with ischemic stroke were included in this analysis. The GNRI was calculated from serum albumin level, weight, and height at admission. Malnutrition was defined using the GNRI cutoff points. A lower GNRI score indicates an elevated nutritional risk. The outcome was depression, measured 14 days after ischemic stroke. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between the GNRI and risk of PSD. Results: A total of 22.9% developed PSD 14 days after stroke. The mean GNRI was 99.3 ± 6.0, and 53.8% of the patients had malnutrition. After adjusting for covariates, baseline malnutrition was not associated with risk of PSD (OR, 0.670; 95%CI, 0.370–1.213; p = 0.186). The restricted cubic splines revealed a U-shaped association between the GNRI and PSD. Compared to moderate GNRI, higher GNRI (OR, 2.368; 95%CI, 0.983–5.701; p = 0.085) or lower GNRI (OR, 2.226; 95%CI, 0.890–5.563; p = 0.087) did not significantly increase the risk of PSD. Conclusion: A low GNRI was not associated with an increased risk of depression after ischemic stroke.