Primary antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Chinese patients: a multiregion prospective 7-year study

ObjectivesTo explore the characteristics of Helicobacter pylori resistance in China and the association between antibiotic resistance and several clinical factors.MethodsH. pylori strains were collected from patients in 13 provinces or cities in China between 2010 and 2016. Demographic data including type of disease, geographic area, age, gender and isolation year were collected to analyse their association with antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance was detected using the Etest test and the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.ResultsH. pylori were successfully cultured from 1117 patients. The prevalence of metronidazole, clarithromycin (CLA), azithromycin, levofloxacin (LEV), moxifloxacin, amoxicillin (AMO), tetracycline and rifampicin resistance was 78.2, 22.1, 23.3, 19.2, 17.2, 3.4, 1.9 and 1.5%, respectively. No resistance to furazolidone was observed. The resistance rates to LEV and moxifloxacin were higher in strains isolated from patients with gastritis compared to those with duodenal ulcer and among women. Compared to patients ≥40 years old, younger patients exhibited lower resistance rates to CLA, azithromycin, LEV and moxifloxacin. The resistance rates to CLA and AMO were higher in strains isolated more recently, and we also found that the prevalence of resistance to metronidazole, CLA, azithromycin and AMO were significantly different among different regions of China.ConclusionsThe resistance rates to metronidazole, CLA and LEV were high in China. Patient age, gender, disease and location were associated with the resistance of H. pylori to some antibiotics. Furazolidone, AMO and tetracycline are better choices for H. pylori treatment in China.     

Cruciferous vegetables,glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms,and the risk of colorectal cancer among Chinese men

PurposeTo assess the associations between cruciferous vegetable (CV) intake, GST gene polymorphisms, and colorectal cancer (CRC) in a population of Chinese men.MethodsUsing incidence density sampling, CRC cases (N = 340) diagnosed before December 31, 2010 within the Shanghai Men's Health Study were matched to noncases (N = 673). CV intake was assessed from a food frequency questionnaire and by isothiocyanate levels from spot urine samples. GSTM1 and GSTT1 were categorized as null (0 copies) versus non-null (1 or 2 copies). Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between CV intake and GST gene variants with CRC, and statistical interactions were evaluated.ResultsCRC risk was not associated with CV intake, whether measured by self-report or by urinary isothiocyanate nor with GST gene variants. No statistical interactions were detected between CV intake and GST gene variants on the odds of CRC. Stratifying by timing of urine sample collection and excluding CRC cases diagnosed in the first 2 years did not materially alter the results.ConclusionsThis study provides no evidence supporting the involvement of CV intake in the development of CRC in Chinese men.     

新医改前后我国东中西部卫生监督人员配备比较研究

目的:了解“新医改”前后我国东中西部地区卫生监督人员变化趋势.方法:定量研究.结果:(1)“新医改”后东中西部地区卫生监督人员数量显著增加,但与需求仍有差距；(2)“新医改”后东中西部地区卫生执法人员比例稳中有升,综合业务人员比例下降明显,行政后勤人员比例相对稳定；(3)“新医改”后高学历卫生监督人员比例大幅提升,尤以东部地区最为突出,但仍不能完全满足实际要求.结论:(1)东中西部各区域应因地制宜,缩小地区间差异并进行卫生监督人力管理体制改革；(2)加强卫生监督队伍建设、提高人力资源质量.