胶质母细胞瘤切除术后同步放化疗的疗效

目的探讨胶质母细胞瘤切除术后同步放化疗的疗效。方法研究对象选择我院神经外科2014年1月～2016年8月经手术切除治疗并经病理确诊的胶质母细胞瘤患者50例,根据术后是否行同步放化疗将其分为观察组与对照组,其中观察组患者术后实施同步放化疗,对照组患者术后拒绝行放化疗,比较两组患者的存活率。结果治疗后,观察组患者的术后3个月存活率及术后6个月存活率、术后9个月存活率明显高于对照组,术后1年存活率和术后2年存活率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于胶质母细胞瘤患者给予手术切除,术后同步进行放疗和化疗,能明显提高患者的术后1年和术后2年存活率。     

Role of pelvic radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer and synchronous unresectable distant metastases

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of pelvic irradiation combined systematic chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced (cT3–T4 and/or cN+) rectal cancer and synchronous unresectable distant metastases.Patients and methodsA total of 76 eligible patients who received pelvic radiotherapy and concurrent capecitabine-based chemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed. Patients survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and a multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic factors.ResultsMost of the adverse events were mild during the period of combined chemoradiotherapy. Twenty-two patients experienced resection of primary tumour and 16 patients underwent radical surgery of all lesions. Only five patients had pelvic progression during the follow-up period. The median progression-free survival and median overall survival were 13 and 30 months, respectively. Radical surgery of all lesions following chemoradiotherapy was found to be an independent prognostic factor according to multivariate analysis.ConclusionsPelvic irradiation combined with systematic chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer and synchronous unresectable distant metastases is effective and tolerable, both for pelvic and distant control. A curative resection following chemoradiotherapy was associated with prolonged survival.     

Long-term local control and survival after preoperative radiochemotherapy in combination with deep regional hyperthermia in locally advanced rectal cancer

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of deep regional hyperthermia on long-term local control and survival in locally advanced non-metastatic rectal cancer. Methods: In total 103 patients with locally advanced non-metastatic rectal cancer were treated preoperatively with either neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy alone (n?=?43) or the same treatment with additional deep regional hyperthermia (n?=?60). The two groups were compared with respect to local control, overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and distant metastases-free survival (DMFS). Results: Patients receiving additional hyperthermia had excellent long-term local control with a 5-year Kaplan-Meier estimate of 98% compared with 87% in the radiochemotherapy only group (p?=?0.09). Five-year rates for OS (88% versus 76%, p?=?0.08), DFS (77% versus 73%, p?=?n.s.) and DMFS (75% versus 77%, p?=?n.s.) were not statistically different between the two groups. Conclusion: Radiochemotherapy combined with hyperthermia results in excellent long-term local control.     

A systematic review on [18F]FLT-PET uptake as a measure of treatment response in cancer patients

Imaging biomarkers have a potential to depict the hallmarks of cancers that characterise cancer cells as compared to normal cells. One pertinent example is 3′-deoxy-3′-¹⁸F-fluorothymidine positron emission tomography ([¹⁸F]FLT-PET), which allows non-invasive in vivo assessment of tumour proliferation. Most importantly, [¹⁸F]FLT does not seem to be accumulating in inflammatory processes, as seen in [¹⁸F]-fludeoxyglucose, the most commonly used PET tracer for assessment of cell metabolism. [¹⁸F]FLT could therefore provide additional information about the tumour biology before, during and after treatment. This systematic review focuses on the use of [¹⁸F]FLT-PET tumour uptake values as a measure of tumour response to therapeutic interventions. The clinical studies which evaluated the role of [¹⁸F]FLT-PET as a measure of tumour response to treatment are summarised and the evidence linking [¹⁸F]FLT-PET tumour uptake values with clinical outcome is evaluated.     

Overview of different available chemotherapy regimens combined with radiotherapy for the neoadjuvant and definitive treatment of esophageal cancer

Introduction: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CTRT) is the current standard of care for treatment of locally advanced cancer of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction. Many efforts have been made over the last years to identify the best chemotherapy and radiotherapy combination regimen, but specific randomized trials addressing this issue are still lacking.

Areas covered: A systematic review of the literature was performed searching in PubMed all published studies of combinations CTRT regimens for operable or unresectable esophageal cancer to describe activity and toxicity. Studies considered were prospective series or clinical phase II-III trials including at least 40 patients and published in English language.

Expert commentary: Long-term results of CROSS trial have established RT combined with carboplatin plus paclitaxel chemotherapy as the preferred neoadjuvant treatment option for both squamous and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. More effective multimodal treatment strategies integrating novel biological agents including immunotherapy and based on an extensive molecular tumor characterization are eagerly awaited.     

胸中段淋巴结阳性食管鳞癌患者术后放化疗生存分析

目的 探讨术后放化疗对治疗胸中段淋巴结阳性食管鳞癌患者的临床意义及生存价值.方法 回顾性分析2007年1月-2011年12月287例行胸中段食管鳞癌三野淋巴结清扫根治术患者的临床基本资料.根据术后治疗方法的不同分为放疗组133例和放化疗组154例.并对患者1、3、5年的随访资料进行生存分析.结果 放化疗组的5年生存率和中位生存时间分别高于放疗组(P＜0.05).单因素分析显示,淋巴结转移数目、pT分期、治疗方法和术后化疗周期与患者1、3、5年生存率有关(P＜ 0.05,P＜0.01).多因素分析显示,淋巴结转移数目、pT分期和术后化疗周期数是影响患者1、3、5年生存率的独立因素(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01).放化疗组的中性粒细胞减少、早期放疗反应中食管损伤和胃肠道损伤的发生率明显高于放疗组(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 胸中段淋巴结阳性食管鳞癌术后联合放化疗能有效提高生存率,改善预后,提高生活质量.     

MRI在预测食管癌放化疗治疗反应及疗效评估中的应用研究

目的 探讨磁共振弥散加权成像（MR-DWI）表观弥散系数（ADC值）在食管癌放化疗疗效判断及预后评估中的应用价值。方法 前瞻性入组2010年3月至2013年9月收治的食管癌患者100例,放疗前后均行MR-DWI检查。Kaplan-Meier并Logrank法计算生存率,Cox法多因素预后分析。结果 完全缓解（CR）组放疗前、放疗后ADC值均高于部分缓解（PR）组,差异有统计学意义（z=-3.010、-3.689,P<0.05）。肿瘤区域放疗前低ADC值组（≤1.60×10^-3mm²/s）和高ADC值组（>1.60×10^-3mm²/s）1、3、5年生存率分别为58.2%、21.9%、10.9%和73.3%、50.6%、39.2%（χ²=9.879,P<0.05）。肿瘤区域放疗后低ADC值组（≤2.50×10^-3mm²/s）和放疗后高ADC值组（>2.50×10^-3mm²/s）的1、3、5年生存率分别为52.2%、23.6%、14.2%和75.9%、44.1%、32.4%（χ²=5.455,P<0.05）。将放疗前低和高ADC值组按ΔADC大小分为4组,疗前高ADC值组ADC值上升较好,其生存情况最优,而疗前低ADC值组ADC值上升不佳,其预后最差,其他两组生存情况有交叉（χ²=13.096,P<0.05）。多因素Cox模型分析显示放疗前ADC分组为预后独立因素。结论 MR-DWI ADC值能有效预测食管癌治疗反应和预后。     

术后早期化疗对III期结直肠癌患者临床预后的影响

目的：探讨术后早期化疗对III期结直肠癌患者临床预后的影响。 方法：回顾性分析2010年1月—2014年2月收治的III期结直肠癌患者218例患者资料,根据术后化疗开始时间,将患者分为早期化疗组（化疗开始时间≤术后3周,118例）和晚期化疗组（化疗开始时间>术后3周、且≤8周,100例）。比较两组无进展生存期、2年生存率和复发率,以及化疗后不良反应与健康相关的生存质量。 结果：两组患者基础资料差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）;与晚期化疗组比较,早期化疗组无进展生存期明显延长（876.4 d vs. 765.4 d,P=0.007）,2年生存率有所增高,但差异无统计学意义（89.0% vs. 80.0%,P=0.091）,2年复发率明显降低（17.0% vs. 34.0%,P=0.004）;化疗后各种不良反应发生率差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）,术后12个月时健康相关的生存质量评分明显增高（71.9 vs. 64.1,P<0.001）。 结论：术后早期化疗能显著延长III期结直肠癌患者无进展生存期、降低复发率和改善健康相关的生存质量。     

Injectable (−)-gossypol-loaded Pluronic P85 micelles for cancer chemoradiotherapy

Purpose: The aim of tumor-specific chemoradiotherapy is to achieve synergistic anticancer effects with clinically acceptable toxicity. Our previous studies showed that Pluronic P85 augments radiation cancer cell killing of (±)-gossypol in vitro. In this study, the radiosensitizing effect of (?)-gossypol, more potent Bcl protein inhibitor, with Pluronic P85 was investigated.

Materials and methods: The inhibitory effect of (?)-gossypol solubilized Pluronic P85 with 0–8?Gy of radiation on clonogenic survival rate of A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells was investigated in vitro. The anticancer effect of (?)-gossypol-solubilized Pluronic P85 with fractionated radiation of 15?Gy was assessed by A549 tumor-bearing mice.

Results: (-)-Gossypol-loaded Pluronic P85 was found to be a more potent radiosensitizer in vitro. Pluronic P85 increased the anti-proliferative activity of (?)-gossypol against A549 cells (82?±?42 versus 190?±?60?nM). In addition, the combination of P85 and (?)-gossypol effectively reduced clonogenic survival of A549 cells: (11?±?5%) compared to (?)-gossypol and P85 alone (62?±?27% and 93?±?13%, respectively), and enhanced radiation cancer cell killing. In vivo, P85 (200?mg/kg/day) and (?)-gossypol (15?mg/kg/day) could be safely injected intravenously over 5 days and enhanced radiation-related tumor control in an A549 xenograft model.

Conclusion: Pluronic P85 and (?)-gossypol act as a novel dual agent radiosensitizer and holds promise as a chemoradiotherapeutic strategy.