Biliary duct stones: Percutaneous transhepatic removal

Percutaneous transhepatic removal of common bile duct stones was performed 57 times in 53 patients with a success rate of 93%. All patients had contraindications to surgery or had undergone unsuccessful attempts at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and papillotomy. A modified Dormia basket was inserted through a percutaneous transhepatic approach and the stones or fragments were advanced into the duodenum. Monooctanoin (26 patients) or methyl tertiary butyl ether (4 patients) was infused to reduce stone size or remove residual debris. The average time for complete stone removal was 8.5 days. Morbidity was 12% and mortality was 4%, results which compare favorably with those of surgery.     

Ultrasonic detection of renal calculi: Accuracy tested in an in vitro porcine kidney model

Porcine kidneys containing human calculi of known size and composition were used to study the ability of ultrasound to localize intrarenal calculi. The study conducted in a blind fashion demonstrated that stones as small as 2 mm could be detected. The chemical composition was not related to the ability to detect the stone. Early trials in the operating room have been encouraging. The porcine kidney model is useful for training purposes.     

超声观察钬激光碎石术后肾周水肿的临床意义

目的：探讨超声观察钬激光治疗尿路结石术后并发肾周水肿的临床意义。方法：回顾性分析经超声观察输尿管肾镜钬激光治疗113例泌尿系结石患者术后并发症的临床资料。结果：肾结石患者钬激光碎石术后肾周水肿发生率为40．9％，输尿管结石患者为25．8％。结论：超声检查能准确地诊断钬激光治疗泌尿系结石术后肾周水肿，并可动态观察其变化，对临床治疗有指导作用。     

鼻石的CT诊断

目的　探讨鼻石的CT表现 ,评价CT的诊断价值。方法　回顾性分析 9例经手术病理证实的鼻石 ,均经过CT检查 ,主要临床表现包括脓涕和鼻塞。结果　 9例均为右侧鼻腔发病 ,其中7例位于下鼻道 ,2例位于中鼻道 ;2例见 2个病灶 ,其余 7例均为单发病灶 ;最大病灶约 5 0cm×3 8cm。8个病灶中心见低密度的核心 ,外围为高密度影 ,手术证实为沉积的无机盐 ,CT值均在10 0 0HU以上 ;其余 3个病灶为均匀高密度影。主要的继发改变包括上颌窦炎、鼻腔扩大、鼻中隔偏曲、鼻中隔穿孔和邻近骨质受压、变薄、硬化。结论　CT可准确显示鼻石的位置、大小、数目、密度 ,也可清晰显示其并发症 ,有助于鼻石的诊断和鉴别诊断 ,也可帮助临床选择合适的手术方式     

Robotic extended pyelolithotomy for treatment of renal calculi: a feasibility study

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) remains the treatment of choice for staghorn renal calculi. Many reports suggest that laparoscopy can be an alternative treatment for large renal stones. We wished to evaluate the role and feasibility of laparoscopic extended pyelolithotomy (REP) for treatment of staghorn calculi. Thirteen patients underwent REP for treatment of staghorn calculi over a 12-day period. Twelve patients had partial staghorn stones and one had a complete staghorn stone. All patients had pre-operative and post-operative imaging including KUB and computed tomography. All procedures were completed robotically without conversion to laparoscopy or open surgery. Mean operative time was 158 min and mean robotic console time was 108 min. Complete stone removal was accomplished in all patients except the one with a complete staghorn calculus. Estimated blood loss was 100 cc, and no patient required post-operative transfusion. REP is an effective treatment alternative to PCNL in some patients with staghorn calculi. However, patients with complete staghorn stones are not suitable candidates for this particular technique.     

开放和微创对高危大体积前列腺增生合并膀胱结石的同期治疗比较研究

目的 比较开放与微创两种方法对高危巨大前列腺增生合并膀胱结石的同期治疗临床效果.方法 高危巨大前列腺增生合并膀胱结石患者77例,其中膀胱切开取石同时前列腺剜除术49例,同期气压弹道碎石加前列腺电切术28例.对比分析两组治疗的临床资料及随访结果,比较两组的治疗效果.结果 两组患者均一次手术成功.与微创组比较,开放手术组手...     

开放手术与微创经皮肾镜穿刺取石治疗复杂肾结石的临床分析

目的 对比分析复杂肾结石开放手术与微创经皮肾穿刺取石术的安全性和有效性.方法 2002年1月～2010年10月收治的386例复杂肾结石患者,随机分成两组,甲组193例用开放手术,乙组193例行微创经皮肾穿刺取石术.结果两组的手术时间、术中出血量、输血率、手术次数、结石清除率、治疗总费用等均有显著统计学差异.结论 开放手...     

微创经皮肾镜治疗马蹄肾结石的体会

目的 评价微创经皮肾镜治疗马蹄肾结石的疗效.方法 回顾性分析经皮肾镜取石术治疗马蹄肾患者的临床资料.结果 5例马蹄肾患者中2例为双肾多发结石.5例患者均为单通道取石,60%(3/5)的患者可通过一次手术清除结石.该组病例中没有重大并发症出现.结论 微创经皮肾镜穿刺取石术治疗马蹄肾结石是一种安全有效的方法.     

α1受体阻滞剂与输尿管下段内镜碎石术后无管化的探讨

目的：总结输尿管镜碎石取石术处理不复杂性输尿管下段结石后不留置支架管与尿管的初步临床经验。方法：回顾性分析从2007年1月-2010年7月对行输尿管镜碎石取石术的42例不复杂性输尿管下段结石患者临床资料：患者被分为两组,A组22例,术后放置双J管;B组20例,术后不放置支架管与尿管,服用α1受体阻滞剂1周。结果：A组手术时间显著长于B组;术后患者血尿的发生率和持续时间、患者肋腹区疼痛、尿频／尿急,两组之间差异有显著统计学意义（P）;术后1个月输尿管无石率,两组均为100％。结论：采用输尿管镜碎石取石术治疗不复杂性输尿管下段结石后可服用αt受体阻滞剂,不必常规留置支架管与尿管,此法创伤轻,痛苦少,恢复快。     

泌尿系结石300例物理成份分析与饮食指导

目的研究河南地区结石的成份状况并为临床预防提供相应的饮食指导。方法对300例尿路结石标本成份通过红外光谱自动分析系统进行物理方法分析,并给予相应的饮食指导。结果 300例中通过自排、ESWL、输尿管镜碎石、经皮肾镜碎石清石术后取出的结石成份分析：单一成份的结石与混合性结石分别占总结石数的27%和73%,单一成份草酸钙占17%,碳酸磷灰石占3%,尿酸盐占3%,胱氨酸占4%。结论尿路結石红外光谱分析法准确、快捷、方便、价廉,结石成份分析给予相应的饮食指导对泌尿系结石的预防具有重要的临床意义。