炎琥宁注射液联合依替米星治疗老年社区获得性肺炎的临床研究

目的探讨炎琥宁注射液联合依替米星治疗老年社区获得性肺炎的临床疗效。方法选择2018年4月—2019年4月在溧阳市人民医院治疗的社区获得性肺炎老年患者86例,根据用药的差别分为对照组(43例)和治疗组(43例)。对照组静脉滴注硫酸依替米星注射液,0.2g加入生理盐水250m L,1次/d;治疗组在对照组的基础上静脉滴注炎琥宁注射液,0.4 g/次,1次/d。两组患者均经7 d治疗。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者临床症状改善时间、CURB-65评分、LCQ评分及血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、半乳糖凝集素3(GAL3)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组临床有效率分别为81.40%和97.67%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者的咳嗽、胸痛、发热和肺部啰音消失时间均明显早于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者LCQ评分明显升高(P0.05),CURB-65评分明显下降(P0.05),且治疗组CURB-65和LCQ评分明显好于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清CRP、PCT、IL-17、Gal-3、TNF-α水平均显著降低(P0.05),且治疗组CRP、PCT、IL-17、Gal-3、TNF-α水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论炎琥宁注射液联合依替米星治疗老年社区获得性肺炎可有效改善患者临床症状,降低机体炎症反应。     

COPD患者血清肺表面活性物质蛋白D与炎性标记物的相关性

目的探讨肺表面活性物质蛋白D(SP-D)在AECOPD中的临床意义及与降钙素原(PCT)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)的相关性。方法选取AECOPD患者40例为实验组,30例健康人为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定治疗前、治疗第15天及健康人血清SP-D、PCT及CRP水平。结果 AECOPD组治疗前、治疗后血清SP-D、PCT、CRP水平均显著高于正常对照组,且治疗后SP-D、PCT及CRP水平均低于治疗前;AECOPD治疗前血清SP-D与PCT水平呈正相关(r=0.418);SP-D与CRP无相关性。结论 (1)SP-D可能是反映COPD急性加重的一个指标。(2)AECOPD治疗前血清SP-D水平与PCT水平呈正相关,与CRP无相关性。     

Postprandial coagulation activation in overweight individuals after weight loss: Acute and long-term effects of a high-monounsaturated fat diet and a low-fat diet

Diet is important in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, and it has been suggested that a high-MUFA diet is more cardioprotective than a low-fat diet. We hypothesised that the postprandial thrombotic risk profile is improved most favourably by a high-MUFA diet compared with a low-fat diet. This was tested in a parallel intervention trial on overweight individuals (aged 28.4 (SD 4.7) years) randomly assigned to a MUFA-diet (35-45% of energy as fat; > 20% as MUFA, n = 21) or a low-fat (LF) diet (20-30% of energy as fat, n = 22) for 6 months after a weight loss of ~ 10%. All foods were provided free of charge from a purpose-built supermarket. Meal tests designed after the same principles were performed before and after the dietary intervention, and blood samples were collected at 8.00 h (fasting), 12.00 h, and 18.00 h and analysed for factor VII coagulant activity (FVII:C), activated FVII, fibrinogen, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2), D-dimer, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI:Ag), and thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor. There were significant postprandial increases in F1 + 2 and D-dimer before and after dietary intervention, with significantly lower values after 6 months. No significant differences were observed between the postprandial changes induced by the two diets. The postprandial decrease in FVII:C and PAI:Ag did not differ before and after intervention, irrespective of the diets. Our findings suggest postprandial coagulation activation in overweight subjects with more pronounced acute than long-term effects. We observed similar effects of the MUFA diet and the LF diet on the postprandial prothrombotic risk profile.     

D-dimer relates positively with increased blood pressure in black South Africans: The SABPA study

Introduction

Hypertension is highly prevalent in black South Africans in which morbidity and mortality from stroke are on the increase. Elevated blood pressure and haemostatic markers can induce changes in blood rheology and endothelial function which could result in a procoagulant state that increases the risk for cerebrovascular disease. Information about the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems of people from African descent are limited. We therefore, investigated the haemostatic profile and its relationships with blood pressure in black South Africans.

Materials and methods

We measured ambulatory blood pressure and haemostatic markers of 201 black and 208 white school teachers. The haemostatic markers included measurements representing coagulation and fibrinolysis (von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fibrin D-dimer and clot lysis time).

Results

Black participants displayed significantly higher blood pressure, von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and D-dimer levels and longer clot lysis times (p ≤ 0.001). Single, partial and multiple regression analyses showed that systolic (p ≤ 0.011) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.010) correlated positively with D-dimer in black participants, while systolic (p ≤ 0.001) and daytime diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.011) correlated negatively with clot lysis time in white participants.

Conclusion

The black population had a more prothrombotic profile, with higher levels of coagulation markers and inhibited fibrinolysis, than the white study participants. The positive association between blood pressure and elevated D-dimer in the blacks may contribute to the high prevalence of hypertension and related increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk in this group.     

Increased thrombin generation in splanchnic vein thrombosis is related to the presence of liver cirrhosis and not to the thrombotic event

Introduction

In recent years there have been increasing evidence associating liver disease with hypercoagulability, rather than bleeding. The aim of the study was to evaluate the haemostatic potential in patients with liver disease.

Patients and methods

We measured thrombin generation in the presence and absence of thrombomodulin in patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT, n = 47), Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS, n = 15) and cirrhosis (n = 24) and compared the results to those obtained from healthy controls (n = 21). Fifteen patients with PVT and 10 patients with BCS were treated with warfarin and were compared to an equal number of patients with atrial fibrillation matched for prothrombin time-international normalized ratio. We assessed resistance to thrombomodulin by using ratios [marker measured in the presence/absence of thrombomodulin].

Results

There were no differences in thrombin generation between patients on warfarin treatment and their controls. Cirrhotic patients generated more thrombin in the presence of thrombomodulin and exhibited thrombomodulin resistance compared to controls [p = 0.006 for endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) and p < 0.001 for peak thrombin and both ratios ETP and peak] and patients with non-cirrhotic PVT (p = 0.001, p = 0.006, p < 0.001, p < 0.001 for ETP, peak, ratio ETP, ratio peak, respectively). The patients with cirrhotic PVT exhibited higher ETP (p = 0.044) and peak (p = 0.02) in the presence of thrombomodulin than controls, as well as thrombomodulin resistance (ETP and peak ratios: p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Hypercoagulability and thrombomodulin resistance in patients with cirrhosis were independent of the presence of splanchnic vein thrombosis. The hypercoagulability in patients with cirrhotic PVT could have implications for considering longer or more intensive treatment with anticoagulants in this group.     

Influence of Oral Vitamin E Therapy on Micro-Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Markers in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of oral vitamin E therapy on serum concentrations of several markers of micro-inflammation and cardiovascular disease in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods. 29 HD patients were randomized into two groups: 15 patients were treated orally with 400mg of vitamin E daily for a period of five weeks, and 14 patients received no antioxidant supplementation. Before and after vitamin E therapy, serum concentrations of vitamin E (high-performance liquid chromatography), pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (immunochemical – TRACE assay), C-reactive protein (nephelometry), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ELISA), and E-selectin (ELISA) were measured. HD patients were compared with 16 healthy controls. Results. Baseline serum concentrations of PAPP-A and CRP were significantly higher in HD patients than in healthy controls (PAPP-A: 26.23±11.94 vs. 11.41±1.94 mIU/L, p<0.001; CRP: 5.20±3.50 vs. 3.40±3.80 mg/L, p<0.05). After five weeks of oral vitamin E intake, serum PAPP-A, CRP, ICAM-1, and E-selectin concentrations remained unchanged in both groups of HD patients. Conclusion. Chronic micro-inflammation in HD patients is documented by the elevation of CRP and PAPP-A. A daily oral dose of 400 mg of vitamin E does not seem to be able to reduce enhanced oxidative stress and micro-inflammation in chronic HD patients.     

YKL-40 a new biomarker in patients with acute coronary syndrome or stable coronary artery disease

Background. YKL-40 is involved in remodelling and angiogenesis in non-cardiac inflammatory diseases. Aim was to quantitate plasma YKL-40 in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or stable chronic coronary artery disease (CAD), and YKL-40 gene activation in human myocardium. Methods and results. We included 73 patients: I) 20 patients with STEMI; II) 28 patients with stable CAD; III) 15 CAD patients referred for coronary by-pass surgery. YKL-40 mRNA expression was measured in myocardium subtended by stenotic or occluded arteries and areas with no apparent disease; and IV) 10 age-matched healthy controls. Plasma YKL-40 was significantly increased in patients with STEMI (88 µg/l, median) and CAD (66 µg/l) compared to controls (16 µg/l, p<0.01 for both). Plasma YKL-40 correlated with CRP at baseline in STEMI (r=0.53, p=0.02) and CAD patients (r=0.41, p=0.031).YKL-40 gene expression was similar in ischemic and non-ischemic myocardium. Conclusions. Plasma YKL-40 was significantly increased in patients with STEMI and stable CAD. Further studies will define the role of YKL-40 as a clinically useful marker for myocardial ischemia, remodelling and maybe prognosis.     

丹鹿通督片联合柳氮磺吡啶治疗强直性脊柱炎的临床研究

目的探讨丹鹿通督片联合柳氮磺吡啶治疗强直性脊柱炎的临床疗效。方法选取2015年7月—2016年9在河南省直第三人民医院接受治疗的强直性脊柱炎患者90例,随机分为对照组(45例)和治疗组(45例)。对照组患者口服柳氮磺吡啶肠溶片,第1周2片/次,第2周3片/次,第3周及以后4片/次,均为2次/d。治疗组在对照组的基础上口服丹鹿通督片,4片/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗2个月。评价两组患者临床疗效,同时比较两组患者治疗前后BASDAI、BASFI和临床症状评分以及血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-4、IL-10和IL-17等血清学指标变化。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组总有效率分别为77.78%、95.56%,两组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组BASDAI、BASFI评分均明显下降(P0.05);且治疗组这些指标降低水平优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组下腰背疼痛、外周关节疼痛、外周关节肿胀等症状评分均显著降低(P0.05);且治疗组上述临床症状评分降低更显著(P0.05)。治疗后,两组CRP、IL-1β、IL-17均显著降低,而IL-4、IL-10均显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组上述血清学指标改善程度优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论丹鹿通督片联合柳氮磺吡啶治疗强直性脊柱炎的临床效果显著,有利于临床症状的改善及降低机体炎症反应,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

参松养心胶囊联合螺内酯治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床研究

目的探讨参松养心胶囊联合螺内酯片治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效。方法选取2016年2月—2017年2月北京同仁医院收治的慢性心力衰竭患者106例为研究对象,所有患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各53例。对照组口服螺内酯片,40 mg/次,1次/d。治疗组在对照组的基础上口服参松养心胶囊,4粒/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗1个月。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组的心电图指标、心率变异性指标、心功能指标、血清N端前脑钠肽(NT-pro BNP)和超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为69.81%、86.79%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组QT离散度(QTd)、校正QT离散度(QTcd)和QRS显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组这些观察指标明显低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组全程窦性心搏NN间期的标准差(SDNN)、全程每5分钟NN间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)、全部相邻NN之差的均方根(r MSSD)和相邻NN之差50 ms的个数占总窦性心搏个数的百分比(PNN50)均显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组这些观察指标明显高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组左心室射血分数(LVEF)显著升高,而左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)显著下降,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组这些观察指标的改善程度明显优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组NT-pro BNP和CRP水平显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组这些观察指标明显低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论参松养心胶囊联合螺内酯片治疗慢性心力衰竭具有较好的临床疗效,可改善心功能,降低心率变异性,安全性较好,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。