Long-term effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy on cardiovascular outcomes in sleep apnea syndrome

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality, principally from cardiovascular disease, but the impact of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is unclear. METHODS: We performed a long-term follow-up study of 168 patients with OSAS who had begun receiving CPAP therapy at least 5 years previously, most of whom had been prospectively followed up, having been the subject of an earlier report on cardiovascular risk factors in OSAS patients. The average follow-up period was 7.5 years. We compared the cardiovascular outcomes of those patients who were intolerant of CPAP (untreated group, 61 patients) with those continuing CPAP therapy (107 patients). RESULTS: CPAP-treated patients had a higher median apnea-hypopnea index score than the untreated group (48.3 [interquartile range (IQR), 33.6 to 66.4] vs 36.7 [IQR, 27.4 to 55], respectively; p = 0.02), but age, body mass index, and time since diagnosis were similar. Deaths from cardiovascular disease were more common in the untreated group than in the CPAP-treated group during follow-up (14.8% vs 1.9%, respectively; p = 0.009 [log rank test]), but no significant differences were found in the development of new cases of hypertension, cardiac disorder, or stroke. Total cardiovascular events (ie, death and new cardiovascular disease combined) were more common in the untreated group than in the CPAP-treated group (31% vs 18%, respectively; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The data support a protective effect of CPAP therapy against death from cardiovascular disease in patients with OSAS.     

参附注射液治疗慢性心力衰竭临床疗效分析

目的对参附注射液治疗慢性心力衰竭(CHF)的临床疗效进行分析。方法将72例心力衰竭患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组给予常规西医治疗,使用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、β-受体阻滞剂、洋地黄制剂、利尿剂、硝酸酯制剂等,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上,加用参附注射液50 mL+5%葡萄糖注射液100 mL中,静滴,1次/d,14 d为1个疗程。结果治疗组慢性心力衰竭患者应用参附注射液后,有效率为94.44%,对照组有效率为83.33%,治疗组总有效率明显优于对照组(P<0 05);而治疗组的心功能改善也明显优于对照组(P<0 05)。结论慢性心力衰竭在常规治疗基础上,加用参附注射液的治疗具有更满意的临床疗效,未发现不良反应,值得临床推广。     

自体骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗心力衰竭2 年随访结果

目的:观察经皮经腔冠状动脉内移植自体骨髓单个核细胞( bone marrow mononuclear cells,BMMNCs) 治疗心力衰竭(congestive heart failure,CHF)的可行性与临床疗效。方法:选取自2007-11 ~2010-05 在我 科住院的常规心力衰竭药物治疗无明显改善的CHF 病人共30 例,其中4 例病人接受并同意BM-MNCs 治疗,其 余病人继续常规治疗,并形成对照组。治疗组完善术前准备后,在无菌条件下行骨穿,抽取骨髓夜50mL,将骨髓 液试剂处理后分离获得自体骨髓单个核细胞,经皮经导管由冠状动脉注入血管远端。实验组所有病人均术前及 术后3、6、12、24 mo 顺利完成随访,对照组相应完成随访内容并继续常规药物治疗。结果:治疗组病人随访显示 移植前后左室射血分数(LVEF)、室壁运动积分指数(WISM)、6 min-walk、BNP 均明显改善,PET-CT 提示缺损心 肌有所恢复,没有1 例病人因心衰加重住院,随访期内病人未发生心律失常,无心源性猝死,与对照组相比也具 有统计学意义。结论:经皮经腔冠状动脉内移植BM-MNCs 治疗充血性心力衰竭安全可行,能显著改善左室射 血分数。但由于本实验例数较少,尚有一定的局限性。     

Metabolic and immunologic derangements in cardiac cachexia: where to from here?

The onset of cardiac cachexia is characterized by a defined severe weight loss in patients with advanced chronic heart failure and it predicts an increased mortality in these patients. Recent studies with potential therapeutics investigated the effects and efficiency of beta-blockers, ghrelin, or ghrelin-agonists in cachexia. These and other new studies, like the influence of heart transplantation on cardiac cachexia, give prospect into potential therapeutic options in the future. General aim of the treatment strategy is to prevent the onset and retard the progress of cachexia. This could be achieved by modifying the metabolic, neurohormonal and immune system abnormalities, e.g. with beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. However, these alterations interact in a complex pathophysiological process, which is supposed to end in a vicious circle and thereby the wasting process is further promoted. To interrupt this, an early start of therapy is important to decelerate the development of cardiac cachexia. Many further investigations are needed to find out more about the pathophysiological pathways, to confirm the previous results, and to evaluate new therapeutics.     

The anti-CD14 antibody IC14 suppresses ex vivo endotoxin stimulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha in patients with chronic heart failure

BACKGROUND: Activation of the endotoxin (LPS) receptor, CD14, leads to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) production. Plasma LPS activity is elevated in patients with severe chronic heart failure (CHF). An anti-CD14 antibody, IC14, blocks TNF production in healthy volunteers. It is not known whether IC14 prevents TNF production in CHF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Blood from 20 CHF patients (age 64+/-2.1 years, NYHA class 2.2+/-0.1, LVEF 27+/-3%, mean+/-SEM) was pre-incubated with 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10 and 50 microg/mL IC14 for 1 h followed by incubation with 1 or 10 ng/mL LPS for 6 h. Fourteen subjects served as controls (58+/-2.4 years). LPS-stimulated TNF release was 76% and 60% greater at 1 and 10 ng/mL LPS, respectively, in CHF patients versus controls (p=0.07 and p=0.008). IC14 at concentrations of 5.0, 10 and 50 microg/mL substantially reduced TNF production in response to stimulation with LPS (all p<0.05). CD14 receptor density was similar in patients and controls. In controls, but not in CHF patients, there was a positive correlation between CD14 receptor density and TNF production (r=0.61, p=0.03). CONCLUSION: IC14 suppresses LPS-stimulated whole blood TNF production in patients with CHF and in normal subjects and therefore may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for CHF patients with systemic immune activation.     

老年慢性心力衰竭患者焦虑、抑郁状况及康复护理干预效果

目的:探讨老年慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者焦虑、抑郁状况及康复护理干预效果。方法:采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对72例老年CHF患者(CHF组)和73例健康体检老年人(体检组)进行焦虑、抑郁状况评定并统计分析,对CHF组患者实施运动康复护理8周后复查SAS、SDS评分。结果:CHF组焦虑、抑郁发生率均明显高于体检组(P<0.01);康复护理干预8周后,CHF组SAS、SDS评分均较干预前明显降低(P<0.01)。结论:老年CHF患者存在不同程度的焦虑、抑郁症状,康复护理干预可明显改善患者的心理状况,提高生活质量。     

综合护理干预影响慢性心力衰竭患者生活质量的效果分析

目的探讨综合护理干预对慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者生活质量的影响。方法选择2008年6月-2009年12月来我院诊治的CHF患者86例,根据护理方式不同分为观察组、对照组各43例,对两组患者干预前及干预后6个月采用明尼苏达心力衰竭生活质量调查表（LiFHe）进行测试,对比两组患者变化情况,分析综合护理干预对CHF患者生活质量的影响。结果两组患者经护理干预后,LiFHe得分总分均较干预前有所下降,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;干预后观察组LiFHe各维度得分和总分均低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论综合护理干预与传统护理方式相比,能更好的提高CHF患者生活质量。     

肿瘤标志物CA125在心力衰竭患者中的评价

目的 观察肿瘤标志物癌抗原125(CA125)在心力衰竭治疗过程中的变化及与心功能之间的关系.方法 对142例慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者按纽约心功能分级分组,用化学发光免疫法测定患者入院后及出院前血清CA125水平,并通过超声心动图测定左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末内径(LVESD) 及射血分数(EF).结果 NYHAⅢ～Ⅳ级组的CA125水平明显高于NYHAⅡ级组(P<0.05);NYHAⅢ～Ⅳ级组的LVEDD显著高于NYHAⅡ级组(P<0.05),NYHAⅢ～Ⅳ级组的LVESD显著高于NYHAⅡ级组(P<0.05),NYHAⅢ～Ⅳ级组的EF显著低于NYHAⅡ级组(P<0.05);CA125水平NYHA Ⅱ级治疗前为(19.5±8.4)U/mL,治疗后为(9.7±4.5)U/mL;NYHAⅢ～Ⅳ级治疗前为(116.3±65.7)U/mL,治疗后为(37.1±24.6)U/mL.结论 CHF患者血清CA125水平与心功能恶化的程度呈高度正相关,并且可以作为观察CHF治疗效果和判断预后的一个指标.     

高血压对扩张型心肌病心力衰竭患者心室重构的影响

目的探讨高血压对扩张型心肌病（DCM）心力衰竭（CHF）患者心室重构的影响。方法选择患有DCM临床体征符合NYHA分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ级且左室射血分数〈40%的患者99例,其中伴高血压的患者30例为观察组,不伴有高血压的患者69例为对照组,比较2组临床资料及心脏彩超结果,并采用统计学方法比较2组间的差异。结果 2组临床资料比较无显著性差别;心脏彩超结果中室间隔厚度（IVSD）与左室后壁厚度（LVPWD）与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论高血压会引起扩张型心肌病心肌肥厚,加重心室重构。