PIK3CA突变在人类癌症发生中的作用

大量的研究证实多种人类实体肿瘤中存在着PIK3CA突变.PIK3CA是一种致癌基因,在肿瘤细胞中,其激酶活性增强,能持续刺激下游AKT,增加细胞侵袭和转移能力,因此在肿瘤的发生发展中起着至关重要的作用,同时对于临床诊断、治疗及预后有着重要意义.抑制PIK3CA突变将是一种新兴的分子靶向肿瘤治疗手段.     

吸烟对多环芳烃接触者生物膜损伤指标、染色体畸变和P21蛋白的影响

目的:了解吸烟对多环芳烃接触者生物膜损伤指标、染色体畸变和血清癌基因蛋白P21的影响.方法:对接触多环芳烃化合物的24名焦炉工和27名沥青工中吸烟与不吸烟者的血清谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)、血清脂质结合唾液酸(LSA)、染色体畸变和血清癌基因蛋白P21水平进行研究.结果:吸烟与不吸烟者间GST、LSA、染色体畸变率和血清P21水平各指标差异均无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论:吸烟对多环芳烃接触者沥青工和焦炉工的GST、LSA、染色体畸变率和血清P21水平无明显影响,可能是沥青工、焦炉工接触多环芳烃混合物浓度较高,掩盖了吸烟的作用.     

原发性肝癌血清糖抗原50的检测及意义

目的 探讨血清糖抗原５０（ＣＡ５０）检测在原发性肝癌诊断中的价值。方法 采用ＩＲＭＡ方法检测３８例原发性肝癌患者血清ＣＡ５０水平,并与４３例良性肝病及２０例正常对照对比分析。结果 肝癌患者血清ＣＡ５０明显高于良性肝病组及正常对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。ＣＡ５０诊断肝癌的敏感性为５７．８％,与ＡＦＰ联合检测诊断肝癌的敏感性可由单纯测定ＡＦＰ的６５．７％提高到８９．４％。结论 在原发性肝癌中,血清ＣＡ５０     

B超与放射免疫分析诊断卵巢癌的临床价值

为探讨B超与放射免疫分析诊断卵巢癌的临床价值 ,对 45例卵巢癌患者行B超及放射免疫分析血液CEA、CA12 5、TSGF。提示B超与CA12 5、TSGF ,CEA联合检查 ,可提高对卵巢癌的诊断率     

胃癌患者8种肿瘤标志物测定的临床价值

对 30 2例胃癌术前检测CA5 0、CA199、CA12 5、CA72 4、CEA、β2 -MG、SA、Fer等 8种肿瘤标志物 ,并按年龄、胃癌病期及病理分类分组分析。结果 :(1) 30 2例胃癌血清中 8种肿瘤标志物总的阳性率依次为 β2 -MG6 5 .9%、CA19932 .1%、CA72 42 9.5 %、SA2 4.5 %、CA12 5 16 .9%、CEA13 .2 %、CA5 0 11.6 %、Fer(- )。 (2 ) 8种肿瘤标志物阳性率与年龄大小均无关。 (3) β2 -MG、CA72 4、CA12 5、CA199、SA、CEA、在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期病例中均较敏感 ,且随病期增加 ,阳性率增高。 (4 )CA199和CA72 4对腺癌、β2 -MG和SA对低分化腺癌、β2 -MG和CA72 4对粘液癌、混合型癌阳性率较高。提示血清测β2 -MG、CA199、CA72 4、SA、CA12 5对胃癌的辅助诊断有一定应用价值     

子宫腺肌病误诊原因分析及术前诊断临床探讨

目的;探讨子宫腺肌病误诊原因及近年术前诊断研究进展,方法;对我院近１０年收治的１９７例腺肌病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：１９９０年元月至１９９７年１２月１２８例腺肌病患者术前,术后诊断符合率仅为２９．７％,术后误诊,漏诊率达７０．３％,１９９８年元月至１９９９年１２月６９例术前经测定血清ＣＡ１２５及 腔双氧水造影后误诊,漏诊率降为２７．５％术前主要误诊为子宫肌瘤或（和）子宫内膜异位症,结论     

Axsym仪检测血清CA125对卵巢肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断的意义

目的：探讨Ａｘｓｙｍ仪检测血清ＣＡ１２５对妇科卵巢肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断的意义。方法：采用微粒子酶免分析法（ＭＥＩＡ）检测妇科疾病患者血清ＣＡ１２５,并将结果与病理结果对照分析。结果：卵巢上皮癌血清ＣＡ１２５值明显高于卵巢良性肿瘤血清ＣＡ１２５,两者之间有显著的统计学意义（Ｐ〈０．０１）,卵巢上皮癌血清ＣＡ１２５阳性率为１００％。结论：应用Ａｘｓｙｍ义检测血清ＣＡ１２５对卵巢肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断具有     

Antibiotic C3368-A,a fungus-derived nucleoside transport inhibitor,potentiates the activity of antitumor drugs

Antibiotic C3368-A (CA) is produced by a fungus strain from a soil sample collected in Antarctica. CA markedly inhibited radiolabeled thymidine and uridine transport in mouse Ehrlich carcinoma cells, its 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) being 4.6 and 7.7 M, respectively. In clonogenic assay, CA displayed a synergistic effect with methotrexate (MTX), mitomycin C (MMC), 5-fluorouracil (5FU), and Adriamycin (ADR) against human oral epidermoid carcinoma KB cells. CA also markedly enhanced the inhibitory effect of 5FU and ADR on the proliferation of human hepatoma BEL-7402 cells as determined by thep-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl--d-glucosaminide (NAG) enzyme-reaction assay. 5FU or ADR cytotoxicity was not augmented by CA in human fetal lung 2BS cells. In vivo, CA significantly potentiated the inhibitory effect of MMC against colon carcinoma 26 in mice. No significant augmentation of toxicity by the combination was found in treated mice. The results suggest that CA, the newly found nucleoside-tranport inhibitor, may be useful in potentiation of the effect of antitumor drugs.     

Perirhinal cortex input to the hippocampus in the rat: evidence for parallel pathways, both direct and indirect. A combined physiological and anatomical study

The possibility of a direct projection from the perirhinal cortex (PER) to areas CA1 and subiculum (SUB) in the hippocampus has been suggested on the basis of tracer studies, but this projection has not unequivocally been supported by physiological studies. The demonstration of such a functional pathway might be important to understand the functioning of the hippocampal memory system. Here we present physiological and further anatomical evidence for such a connection between PER and the hippocampus. Electrical stimulation of PER in vivo evoked field potentials (EFPs) at the border area of CA1/SUB, consisting of a short latency and a longer latency component. Current source density analysis revealed that the sink of the short latency component was situated in the molecular layer of area CA1/SUB, while the longer latency component had its sink in the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (DG). Anterograde tracer injections in PER showed labelled fibres in the border area of CA1/SUB, but anatomical evidence for a projection of PER to DG was not found. When synaptic transmission in the entorhinal cortex was partly blocked, the amplitude of the longer latency component of the recorded EFPs in the hippocampus was decreased while the short latency component was not affected, which suggests that the indirect pathway originating in PER is mediated through a synaptic relay in the entorhinal cortex. From the present results we conclude that information originating in PER reaches area CA1/SUB by parallel, direct and indirect, routes. The existence of this parallel organization appears to form an essential feature for the proper function of the medial temporal lobe memory system.     

Randomized clinical trial of the 350-mm2 versus the 500-mm2 Baerveldt implant: longer term results: Is bigger better?

OBJECTIVE: To report the longer term results of a randomized, clinical trial comparing the 350-mm2 and the 500-mm2 Baerveldt glaucoma implants. DESIGN: Extended follow-up on a randomized, controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS: Between March 1991 and April 1993, 107 patients with uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) due to non-neovascular glaucoma associated with aphakia, pseudophakia, or failed filters were randomly assigned for surgical placement of either the 350-mm or the 500-mm2 Baerveldt implant at the Doheny Eye Institute. METHODS: A random-numbers table was used to assign each patient to one of the two groups. Preoperative IOPs and visual acuities were recorded. Clinical records were reviewed to ascertain postoperative IOPs, visual acuities, number of medications used, and implant-related complications that occurred throughout the follow-up period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Success was defined as IOP of 6 mmHg or greater and of 21 mmHg or less in two or more consecutive follow-up visits without further glaucoma surgery or loss of light perception attributable to glaucoma. RESULTS: The overall success rates were 87% for the 350-mm2 group and 70% for the 500-mm2 group (P = 0.05). Average follow-up was 37 months (range, 1-76 months) for the 350-mm2 group and 34 months (range, 5-77 months) for the 500-mm2 group. The life-table success rates declined over time for both implant groups, from a high of 98% for the 350-mm2 group and 92% for the 500-mm2 group at 1 year to a cumulative success rate of 79% for the 350-mm2 group and 66% for the 500-mm2 group at 5 years. Visual acuities were better or remained the same in 50% of the patients in the 350-mm2 group and 46% of those in the 500-mm2 group. Complications during the 5-year follow-up were also statistically similar. CONCLUSIONS: The longer term results show that the 350-mm2 Baerveldt implant is more successful than the 500-mm2 implant for overall IOP control. Interval comparisons indicate a higher rate of success for the 350-mm2 implant in the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth years of implantation. Visual acuities, implant-related complications, and average IOPs were statistically indistinguishable between the two groups.