鲑鱼降钙素喷鼻剂配合常规方案治疗冻结肩的临床疗效研究

目的评估鲑鱼降钙素喷鼻剂配合常规方案治疗冻结肩的临床疗效。 方法收集2016年1月至2017年3月于中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院门诊就诊的原发性冻结肩患者。入组患者需经止痛药物及功能康复锻炼治疗6周以上,无明显改善但未行关节腔内注射治疗;拍摄X线片排除钙化性肌腱炎、肩关节骨关节炎,并根据体查选择性拍摄MR排除肩袖损伤。满足以上基本条件且无影像学异常的患者,可以自主选择进入降钙素组或对照组治疗。对照组予以功能锻炼、口服塞来昔布及单次肩关节注射治疗,降钙素组在对照组治疗方案的基础上加用鲑鱼降钙素喷鼻剂治疗3个月。评估患者治疗前、治疗后1、2、3、6个月疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及肩关节活动度,并定期评估Constant评分及美国肩肘外科协会(ASES)评分。使用独立t检验及重复测量方差分析比较两组在各个时间点的临床数值差异。 结果降钙素组有39人、对照组有37人完成试验。在治疗后的第1个月,降钙素组的VAS评分(2.9±0.7)明显低于对照组(4.5±1.0)(t ＝－8.120,P <0.01)。到治疗的第2个月,前屈上举、外展、体侧外旋、后伸内旋的活动度在降钙素组分别为(121.7±18.5)°,(105.8±9.6)°,(30.6±7.7)°,(11.6±3.2)°;而对照组则分别为(104.9±19.0)°,(91.5±9.2)°,(21.5±6.4)°,(13.9±2.8)°;4个方向活动范围都优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(前屈上举F＝38.855,外展F＝41.204,体侧外旋F＝55.341,后伸内旋F＝7.963,均为P <0.05)。治疗后,降钙素组的Constant评分及ASES评分已接近正常,优于对照组(Constant评分F＝55.161,ASES评分F＝70.576,均为P <0.05 )。 结论在常规治疗方案的基础上,使用鲑鱼降钙素喷鼻剂可以更快地缓解冻结肩患者疼痛及更好地恢复患肩关节功能。     

超声引导下注射治疗肩关节周围滑囊炎的疗效观察

目的探讨超声引导下及解剖定位下药物注射治疗肩关节周围滑囊炎的临床效果。方法选取2015年8月至2018年12月期间在我院接受治疗的224例肩关节周围滑囊炎患者,随机分成对照组与研究组,每组112例。每组患者均进行常规的推拿理疗、手法松解,在此基础上,观察组行超声引导下药物注射治疗,对照组在解剖定位下行注射治疗。然后,比较2组患者肩关节的活动度、肩关节功能量表(Constant Murley)的评分以及视觉模拟量表(VAS)的评分。结果治疗后,观察组患者肩关节的上举、后伸、外展的角度明显高于对照组,内收的角度明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组患者的Constant Murley评分高于对照组患者,VAS评分低于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声引导下注射治疗肩关节周围滑囊炎具有较好的临床疗效,安全性高,适宜推广。     

Bursectomy,Curettage, and Chemotherapy in Tuberculous Trochanteric Bursitis

We presented three patients with trochanteric tuberculosis and described the clinical and imaging findings of the infection. Histology revealed a necrotizing granulomatous bursitis and microbiology confirmed tuberculosis. All cases were successfully treated with bursectomy and curettage of the trochanteric lesion and antituberculous chemotherapy including isoniazid, pyrazinamide, rifampicin, and ethambutol.     

超声在滑囊炎诊断中的应用

本文对７０例四肢大关节处滑囊炎进行定位诊断，其中肘部３例，臀部２例，膝前部２０例，窝部４４例，足踝部１例，均经手术、穿刺及病理证实。超声诊断与手术符合率９７．６％。本组讨论滑囊炎的影像表现及滑囊与关节腔的关系，认为根据滑囊炎的定位诊断，对治疗方案及手术入路的选择有重要意义。     

A typical case of bursitis

A 66-year-old man with pain and swelling of the left elbow is presented. The elbow was severely disfigured as a result of a childhood trauma in the Second World War. After 60 years without complaints, he presented with what was initially diagnosed as bursitis. After surgical treatment, a large wound dehiscence occurred. The defect was reconstructed microsurgically using a free-flap of the latissimus dorsi muscle and skin graft. Reconstructive surgery led to a satisfactory functional result.     

Hemorrhagic prepatellar bursitis

 Simple prepatellar bursitis is easily diagnosed both clinically and by MRI. MRI shows the typical T1 and T2 lengthening of fluid within the bursa. However, because of complex MRI appearance of hemorrhage, chronic hemorrhagic bursitis and the size of the prepatellar mass the clinical and MRI appearance can be very different.     

Technical aspects and value of arthrosonography in rheumatologic diagnosis. 4: Ultrasound of the elbow

Musculoskeletal ultrasonography is an important imaging technique in the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases especially for early manifestation. It allows sensitive detection of small joint fluid collections as well as differentiation of soft tissue lesions and bone lesions. The following standard scans are suggested for sonographic evaluation of the elbow: 1) anterior humeroradial longitudinal scan, 2) anterior humeroulnar longitudinal scan to detect effusions, synovial proliferation, loose joint bodies, bone lesions (osteoarthritis/arthritis), 3) anterior transverse scan over the trochlea to evaluate these structures in an additional dimension, 4) posterior longitudinal scan and 5) posterior transverse scan of the olecranon fossa with flexed/extended elbow to evaluate the same objectives as the above mentioned scans and additionally to detect olecranon bursitis, and optional 6) distal dorsal longitudinal scan to differentiate soft tissue lesions such as rheumatoid nodules or gout tophi, 7) anterior transverse scan over the radius head to evaluate lesions of the radius head, tendopathy, calcinosis, 8) lateral humeroradial longitudinal scan to evaluate epicondylitis, 9) medial humeroulnar longitudinal scan to evaluate calcinosis, epicondylitis, signs of compression of the ulnar nerve. A linear transducer with a frequency of about 5-7.5 MHz is recommendable. The anterior distance between trochlea and the capitulum of the humerus between the bone and the joint-capsule of the elbow is > or = 2 mm in probable and > or = 3 mm in definite synovitis or effusions. Synovitis or effusions are probable if the difference between the right and left elbow is 1 mm, and they are definite if the difference is > or = 2 mm.     

Value of arthrosonography in early arthritis diagnosis

Sonography of joints and peri-articular soft tissue has become an established imaging technique for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with rheumatic diseases. Sonography allows a good differentiation of exsudative and proliferative changes of synovialis as well as tenosynovitis. Superficial cartilage and bony lesions may be seen before they are apparent on x-rays. Sonography is helpful in the diagnosis of early arthritis. Dynamical examination of joints allows the detection of structural abnormalities. Sonography can also be used for interventional procedures such as joint aspirations, guidance of therapy and needle biopsy.     

Chronic bursitis and tenosynovitis revealing Whipple's disease

Joint complaints, most commonly intermittent arthritis, are the initial manifestation in about three-fourths of Whipple's disease cases. We herein report on two cases wherein Whipple's disease manifested itself as chronic bursitis and tenosynovitis at several sites. A 42 year-old man had bilateral olecranon bursitis, a right patellar bursitis and an extensor tenosynovitis on the left wrist and a 54 year-old man had extensor tenosynovitis at both wrists and a bilateral tenosynovitis of the extensors at both ankle. Methotrexate in both patients and etanercept in one of them were not effective. Polymerase chain reaction testing revealed Tropheryma whipplei on feces, bursitis and articular fluid samples. Duodenal biopsy proved to be normal. Doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine were rapidly effective. Chronic bursitis and tenosynovitis must be added to the list of rheumatologic manifestations that may evoke the diagnosis of Whipple disease.