Modulation of human T cell functions by surface sulphydryl groups: differential effects on IL-2 production and responsiveness.

An impermeable thiol blocker has been used to investigate the role of sulphydryl (SH) groups in the production of and responsiveness to IL-2 by normal human T lymphocytes. Surface SH blockade of mononuclear cells prior to incubation with mitogen (phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A, CD3 MoAb) had no effect on production of IL-2 but markedly impaired cellular responsiveness to exogenous IL-2. Studies using MoAbs indicated that this effect was accompanied by decreased expression of both the CD25 and p75 subunits of the IL-2 receptor. Blocking surface SH groups did not affect binding of IL-2 to p75 on unstimulated mononuclear cells, but inhibited binding to high-affinity receptors on a T lymphoma cell line. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that sulphydryl groups on the IL-2 receptor are required for its function and may be involved in the interaction of the CD25 and p75 subunits leading to generation of the high-affinity binding site. The surface thiol identified on the IL-2 receptor may be a candidate for oxidation on cells from patients with chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and thus contribute to the aberrant function of T cells in these patients.     

Phenytoin desensitization monitored by antigen specific T cell response using carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester dilution assay

We evaluated drug-specific T cell responses in a patient with refractory partial seizures and paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis successfully treated with clinical desensitization to phenytoin. Drug-induced lymphocyte transformation test before desensitization was negative with a stimulation index of 130%. The frequencies and cytokine-producing phenotypes of phenytoin-specific T cells were examined simultaneously by using a carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dilution assay. Before desensitization, the proportion of CFSElow CD4+ cells in whole CD4+ was 3.09%; 13.6% of CFSElow CD4+ cells were stained with anti-interferon gamma antibody. After desensitization, phenytoin-specific CFSElow CD4+ cells decreased to background level. These results indicate that CFSE dilution assay will be useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of drug hypersensitivity.     

40m 以浅潜艇艇员饱和暴露后脱险减压方法的研究

1991～1992年进行了两次8人次模拟20、40m 饱和暴露后脱险减压方法的人体实验研究。在20m 空气饱和暴露后直接出水.在水面进行压力转移,6人次中出现皮肤瘙痒和关节疼痛4人次,当再加压回到20m后,症状消失:水面间隔总时间为9～15min。在4人次j40m 空气饱和暴露后直接减压到22m(再进行水面转移),未发现任何减压病症状。实验期间还观察了:在高压下人体自身的实际耗氧及高分压氧对肺部的影响。实验结果为今后现场实际应用的饱和脱险减压方法、减压程序提供了依据。     

The surfaces of the parasitic nematodes Trichinella spiralis and Toxocara canis differ in the binding of post-C3 components of human complement by the alternative pathway

The binding of human complement components C3, C5 and C9 to the surface of the infective larvae of the nematode parasites Toxocara canis and Trichinella spiralis, by the alternative pathway, was examined by direct and indirect immunofluorescence on the intact parasites. This showed that although C3 bound to both nematodes, they differed markedly in the binding of C5 and C9; C5 bound only minimally to T. spiralis, and C9 binding to this parasite was barely detectable. In contrast, both early and late components bound to T. canis to a high density, comparable to, or in excess of, the binding of these components to the infective larvae of the trematode Schistosoma mansoni. The lack of binding of the post-C3 components to T. spiralis did not correlate with enhanced binding of the control protein, Factor H.     

临床肿瘤用药的统计分析

[目的]了解肿瘤用药的消费现状及发展趋势，为临床合理用药提供依据。[方法]对本院1996年-2002年抗肿瘤药、生物反应调节剂和升白细胞药的用药情况进行统计分析，以药品的年消耗金额作统计。[结果]抗肿瘤药、生物反应调节剂和升白细胞药分别占全部药品年消耗总金额的24．24％～33．73％、15．80％～23．33％和5．86％～9．11％。[结论]抗肿瘤药、生物反应调节剂和升白细胞药是用于肿瘤治疗的主要药品，尤其是抗肿瘤天然药物有着广阔的应用前景。     

两种剂量奥曲肽治疗食管及胃曲张静脉出血效果比较

①目的　比较两种剂量奥曲肽治疗食管、胃曲张静脉出血的临床效果。②方法　将 88例食管、胃曲张静脉出血病人随机分为奥曲肽 5 0 μg/h和 2 5 μg/h剂量组 ,观察平均止血时间、止血率、再出血率和不良反应。 ③结果　 5 0 μg/h组平均止血时间明显短于 2 5 μg/h组 (t=2 .2 4 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,总止血率明显高于 2 5 μg/h组 (χ2 =5 .36 0 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,再出血率较 2 5 μg/h组低 (χ2 =7.990 ,P <0 .0 5 )。两组均有 1例病人出现恶心。④结论　奥曲肽 5 0 μg/h剂量治疗食管、胃曲张静脉出血的效果优于 2 5 μg/h剂量     

中央沟上段及其邻近沟回的体表定位及其临床意义

目的：探讨在MRI和CT图像上观测中央沟上段及其邻近沟回的特征，进行精确体表定位。方法：30例成人头颅和扫描无颅恼器质性病变10份CT，100份MRI片，在头颅正中欠状面上观测头颅外形和平行于耳眦线平而以上100mm内的前后正巾线的中点及中垂线。在横位图像上观测中央沟上段及其邻近沟回的特征和二维坐标参数。结果：成人头颅近似标准球形。住82％头颅卜平行耳眦线平面的正中点的的投影在垂直耳眦线过外耳道的直线卜，另外18％偏离基线面中垂线小于7mm。上段中央沟在耳眦线平面上70～95mm。84％额上沟与中央前沟相交呈倒T字征，交点住前后中线旁24～27mm，耳眦线平面的中垂线前2～6mm。中央沟上段起点前后中线旁1～15mm，耳眦线平而的中垂线后12～28mm，手结征98％。中央后沟在中央沟之后8～13mm与其平行。结论：每人上段中央沟及其邻近沟回的特征能被MRI精确体表定位。     

Off-resonance effects in the transient response of SSFP sequences.

A previously developed eigenvector formalism is adapted to off-resonance in the transient response of quasiperiodic steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequences, including TrueFISP as a special case. The effective relaxation rates for essentially parallel and perpendicular deviations from the steady state are determined analytically in leading order perturbation theory. The latter are a known cause of oscillatory artifacts and therefore constitute the main target of a variety of preparation techniques. In addition, the former also play a dominating role in applications such as inversion recovery (IR) TrueFISP, which intentionally measure far away from the equilibrium. For both components, the approach toward equilibrium turns out to depend sensitively on field inhomogeneities, especially for smaller ratios of T2/T1. For the perpendicular deviations, the calculations show that--except very close to banding artifacts, where the steady-state signal is almost zero--field inhomogeneities additionally increase their effective relaxation rate almost as much as in the free induction decay (FID). The analytical results are tested against numerical simulation and MR measurements.     

心理支持疗法对机械通气患者应激反应的影响

目的 观察心理支持疗法(PST)对ICU患者机械通气应激反应的影响。方法 将34例连续机械通气时间在20h的清醒患者，随机分为采用标准的PST方法进行治疗的观察组和对照组，观察焦虑抑郁程度和应激反应改变情况。结果 对照组患者的焦虑抑郁程度明显高于观察组，部分应激反应激素水平升高幅度也明显大于观察组。结论 PST可通过缓解机械通气患者的焦虑抑郁等不良情绪状态减轻机械通气带来的各种心身应激反应，有利于提高机械通气治疗的有效性和安全性。     

美托洛尔预防老年围拔管期心血管反应的临床观察

目的探讨美托洛尔用于预防老年患者围拔管期心血管反应的方法。方法40例全身麻醉行择期手术的老年患者随机分为A组20例,B组20例,A组围拔管期分次静注美托洛尔0.06~0.1 m g/kg,B组以生理盐水分次静注。观察手术结束时、拔管前5分钟、拔管时、拔管后5、20分钟的心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及心率收缩压乘积(RPP)的变化。结果A组拔管时、拔管后5、20分钟的HR、RPP与手术结束时比较,差异无统计学意义,用药后最慢心率53次/m in,围拔管期血压维持平稳,RPP保持在较低值;B组拔管前5分钟、拔管时、拔管后5分钟的各参数与手术结束时比较明显升高(P<0.01);两组间比较,B组拔管前5分钟、拔管时、拔管后5分钟的HR、SBP、RPP明显高于A组(P<0.01)。结论老年患者小剂量分次静注美托洛尔可以安全地预防围拔管期心血管反应。