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71.
P Sundaresan R Yeghiaian-Alvandi V Gebski 《Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology》2010,54(1):69-75
Palliative whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is often recommended in the management of multiple brain metastases. Allowing for WBRT waiting time, duration of the WBRT course and time to clinical response, it may take 6 weeks from the point of initial assessment for a benefit from WBRT to manifest. Patients who die within 6 weeks (‘early death’) may not benefit from WBRT and may instead experience a decline in quality of life. This study aimed to develop a prognostic index (PI) that identifies the subset of patients with lung cancer with multiple brain metastases who may not benefit from WBRT because of ‘early death’. The medical records of patients with lung cancer who had WBRT recommended for multiple brain metastases over a 10-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were classified as either having died within 6 weeks or having lived beyond 6 weeks. Potential prognostic indicators were evaluated for correlation with ‘early death’. A PI was constructed by modelling the survival classification to determine the contribution of these factors towards shortened survival. Of the 275 patients recommended WBRT, 64 (23.22%) died within 6 weeks. The main prognostic factor predicting early death was Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status >2. Patients with a high PI score (>13) were at higher risk of ‘early death’. Twenty-three per cent of patients died prior to benefit from WBRT. ECOG status was the most predictive for ‘early death’. Other factors may also contribute towards a poor outcome. With further refinement and validation, the PI could be a valuable clinical decision tool. 相似文献
72.
Charlotte J. Harden Bernard M. Corfe J. Craig Richardson Peter W. Dettmar Jenny R. Paxman 《Nutrition Research》2009
This cross-sectional analysis evaluated the effect of age and body mass index (BMI) on Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire scores in males. Subjects (n = 60) were recruited according to BMI status. Each completed the 51-item Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire. The group was split at the median age to produce a “younger” and “older” group for statistical analysis. A 2-way between-groups analysis of variance revealed a significant main effect of BMI on disinhibition (P = .003) and hunger (P = .041) with higher levels found in overweight males compared to healthy-weight counterparts. A significant main effect of age on hunger (P = .046) demonstrated older males were less susceptible to hunger than younger males. These insights provide a better understanding of eating behavior across the male life cycle and may assist health professionals to better guide men in weight management in the light of rising overweight/obesity. 相似文献
73.
74.
目的 观察脂肪抽吸对中心型肥胖患者代谢指标的影响。方法 筛选中心型肥胖患者30例,采用肿胀麻醉法,脂肪抽吸量在2000~2500ml;分别检测脂肪抽吸前2d和脂肪抽吸后1周、1个月、2个月、3个月的血脂、血清胰岛素、瘦素、脂联素、抵抗素,并换算出胰岛素抵抗指数(HO-MA-IR)、胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)和血糖及胰岛素下面积。结果脂肪抽吸后1个月、2个月血糖下面积及HOMA-IR均有不同程度的降低,ISI则有所升高(术后1周:P〈0.05;术后1月:P〈0.01);脂肪抽吸后血清瘦素较脂肪抽吸前显著降低(P〈0.01),抵抗素和脂联素较脂肪抽吸前亦有所变化,特别是在术后1个月时变化较为明显(P〈0.05),除血清瘦素、血糖下面积外,其余指标脂肪抽吸后3个月基本恢复原有水平。结论 脂肪抽吸对代谢指标在3个月内有一定的影响,特别是对糖代谢改善显著,但3个月后这种变化基本恢复到原有水平。 相似文献
75.
幕上星形细胞肿瘤Ki-67抗原表达及其预后作用 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
目的 探讨Ki-67抗原在幕上星形细胞肿瘤中的表达及其预后作用。方法 使用S-P免疫组化方法检测82例原发性幕上星形细胞肿瘤标本中Ki-67抗原的表达。单因素使用Kaplan-Meier法,多因素分析使用COX比例风险模型进行预后分析。结果Ki-67 指数在组织学分级GradeⅡ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ中分别为2.86%±1.57%,6.72%±3.95%,8.16%±3.92%(P<0.01)。单因素及多因素分析均提示Ki-67指数是独立的预后因素。在GradeⅡ中,Ki-67指数>2.5%与Grade Ⅲ中Ki-67指数≤2.5%的患者生存期差异无显著性(P>0.05);在GradeⅣ中,Ki-67指数≤2.5%与>2.5%的患者生存期有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论 Ki-67指数随着各病理级别增高而增高;Ki-67指数>2.5%提示预后较差。在同一病理级别中,Ki-67指数不同,其预后有显著性差异。而部分不同病理级别的患者,随着Ki-67指数的不同,其生存期却无显著差异。联合组织病理检查及Ki-67指数检测有助于更精确地判断预后。 相似文献
76.
R. J. Bosma A. J. Kwakernaak J. J. Homan van der Heide P. E. de Jong G. J. Navis 《American journal of transplantation》2007,7(3):645-652
Obesity is a risk factor for renal graft loss. Higher body mass index (BMI) in native kidneys is associated with glomerular hyperfiltration. Whether higher BMI in renal transplants is associated with hyperfiltration is unknown. We investigated the impact of BMI on renal hemodynamics 1 year post-transplant. We analyzed glomerular filtration rate (GFR, (125)I-iothalamate) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF, (131)I-hippurate) in 838 kidney transplants. Data were analyzed for all patients and for the subpopulation without diabetes. Long-term impact of BMI and renal hemodynamics were explored by Cox-regression. With higher BMI GFR and filtration fraction (FF) increased significantly. Multivariate analysis supported impact of BMI on GFR (adjusted r(2) of the model 0.275) and FF (adjusted r(2) of the model 0.158). This association was not explained by diabetes mellitus. On Cox-regression analysis, lower GFR and higher FF were independent determinants of overall graft loss and graft loss by patient mortality. Lower GFR and higher BMI were determinants of death-censored graft loss, with borderline contribution of higher FF. In renal transplants higher BMI is independently associated with higher GFR and FF one year posttransplant, suggesting glomerular hyperfiltration with altered afferent-efferent balance. Mechanisms underlying the long-term prognostic impact of hyperfiltration deserve further exploration. 相似文献
77.
Eun Young Jung Hyung Joo Suh Wan Soo Hong Dong Geon Kim Yang Hee Hong In Sun Hong Un Jae Chang 《Nutrition Research》2009,29(7):457-461
Cooking processes that gelatinize granules or disrupt structure might increase the glucose and insulin responses because a disruption of the structure of starch by gelatinization increases its availability for digestion and absorption in the small intestine. We hypothesized that the uncooked form of rice, which has a relatively low degree of gelatinization even though in powder form, would result in lower metabolic glucose and insulin responses compared with cooked rice (CR). To assess the effects of the gelatinization of rice on metabolic response of glucose and insulin, we investigated the glucose and insulin responses to 3 rice meals of different gelatinization degree in female college students (n = 12): CR (76.9% gelatinized), uncooked rice powder (UP; 3.5% gelatinized), and uncooked freeze-dried rice powder (UFP; 5.4% gelatinized). Uncooked rice powders (UP and UFP) induced lower glucose and insulin responses compared with CR. The relatively low gelatinization degree of UPs resulted in low metabolic responses in terms of the glycemic index (CR: 72.4% vs UP: 49.7%, UFP: 59.8%) and insulin index (CR: 94.8% vs UP: 74.4%, UFP: 68.0%). In summary, UPs that were less gelatinized than CR induced low postprandial glucose and insulin responses. 相似文献
78.
当归对衰老小鼠脑组织细胞凋亡及胸腺指数的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:研究当归的抗衰老作用及作用机制。方法:用D—半乳糖诱导小鼠制成衰老模型,同时给予不同剂量的当归水煎剂,观察当归对脑组织细胞凋亡及胸腺指数的影响。结果:当归能明显抑制小鼠脑组织细胞凋亡,提高胸腺指数。结论:当归具有抗衰老作用。 相似文献
79.
Noriko Yoshimura Tomoko Takijiri Hirofumi Kinoshita Shigeto Danjoh Takahiro Kasamatsu Seiji Morioka Kiyomi Sakata Tsutomu Hashimoto Tatsuya Takeshita 《Osteoporosis international》2004,15(2):139-144
The aim of this study was to clarify and compare the temporal course of bone mineral density (BMD) between fast bone losers and normal residents in Miyama Village, a rural Japanese community. BMD was measured over a 10-year period in a cohort study in Miyama Village, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, to provide information on rate of bone loss in the mature and elderly population. Subjects (n=400) were selected by sex and age stratum from the full list of residents born in 1910–1949, with 50 men and 50 women in each age decade. Baseline BMD of the lumbar spine and proximal femur was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 1990, 1993, 1997 and 2000. In the cohort, 171 men and 189 women completed the follow-up survey performed in 1993. After calculating the rate of bone loss between 1990 and 1993, the greatest tertile from the distribution of bone loss was categorized as fast bone losers, with the remainder considered as normal subjects. Changes in BMD were compared between normal subjects and fast bone losers over the 10-year period. Mean rate of change for BMD at both lumbar spine and femoral neck in fast bone losers recovered to levels similar to those in normal subjects over 7 years of observation. By contrast, BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck decreased steeply over the 10-year period in both groups, and mean BMD for fast bone losers was significantly lower than that of normal subjects (P<0.05). These differences were apparent only at the lumbar spine in both men and women, even after adjusting for age. These results indicate that fast bone loss is a transient phenomenon rather than a fixed status, although individuals who have been categorized as fast bone losers at some stage continue to display low BMD in the lumbar spine. 相似文献
80.
体重、体质指数、腰围和腰臀比对正常成人骨密度的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
目的探讨体重、体质指数(BMI)和腰围、腰臀比(WHR)对正常成人骨密度的影响。方法采用MarcomMx8000多层螺旋CT测定560例正常成人腰椎松质骨密度,将受试者按年龄不同分为青年组、中年组和老年组,然后在同年龄组根据BMI及腰围的不同将受试者分为肥胖组和正常体重组,分析骨密度与体重、BMI、腰围及WHR的关系。结果①以BMI分组,老年肥胖组BMD高于体重正常组(P<0.05);②以腰围分组,中年女性肥胖组BMD低于非肥胖组(P<0.05);③青年组和中年组BMD与腰围及WHR呈负相关,老年组BMD与体重和BMI呈正相关与腰围和WHR不相关。结论预防骨质疏松症在中青年应提倡运动锻炼,避免肥胖,在老年人不应该过分强调降低体重减少肥胖以避免骨量的丢失。 相似文献