Esthetic perception of facial profile changes in Class II patients treated with Herbst or Forsus appliances

ObjectiveTo evaluate the esthetic perceptions of orthodontists and laypersons for facial profile changes after orthodontic treatment using Herbst or Forsus appliances.Materials and MethodsPre- and posttreatment facial profile contour images of 20 Class II patients treated with Herbst (group H; n = 10) and Forsus (group F; n = 10) appliances were analyzed by 30 orthodontists and 30 laypersons, who graded them from 1 (unattractive) to 10 (very attractive) using a visual analog scale. Two assessments were carried out with a 15 day-interval. In the first evaluation, 40 images were presented in a random sequence. In the second evaluation, initial and final facial profile images of each patient were randomly presented side by side. To compare groups in relation to treatment method, Mann-Whitney tests were used. To evaluate differences between time points, Wilcoxon tests were used.ResultsIn the first evaluation, there was a significant difference between initial and final images only for group H, for both laypersons (P = .017) and orthodontists (P = .037). There was also a significant difference between laypersons and orthodontists in their ratings of posttreatment Herbst appliance profiles (P = .028). There was no significant difference between initial and final facial profile images for group F and no significant differences between or within evaluator groups in their ratings of initial or final Forsus appliance profiles. In the second evaluation, there was a significant difference between appliance groups only for laypersons, who considered cases treated with the Herbst appliance more attractive than those treated with the Forsus (P = .031). Laypersons also considered Herbst profiles more attractive than did orthodontists (P = .047).ConclusionsClass II malocclusion treatment using the Herbst appliance may produce a more esthetically improved facial profile silhouette compared with Forsus appliances. The magnitude of perceived changes may not be considered clinically relevant.     

牙周组织再生结合骨皮质切开术对骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]牙龈厚度影响的数字化评估

目的通过口内扫描技术初步探索并建立一种评价软组织改变的方法,评估牙周组织再生结合骨皮质切开术对骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]骨嵴顶冠方牙龈厚度的影响。方法纳入2018年1月至2019年3月于北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院正畸科和口腔颌面外科转诊至牙周科、全身和牙周健康、需行正畸-正颌联合治疗的骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形患者22例,其中男性4例,女性18例,年龄(24.0±4.5)岁(19~35岁);观测前牙共112颗,其中上颌前牙46颗,下颌前牙66颗。在前牙去代偿正畸移动前行牙周组织再生结合骨皮质切开术,观察探诊深度、出血指数、角化龈宽度,比较术前及术后6个月的差异。术前与术后6个月通过口内扫描技术直接获取患者上下颌前牙区数字化模型,在分析软件中构建软组织形态测量模型,并定量分析牙冠正中测量矢状面上龈缘根方1和2 mm处牙龈厚度的变化。结果22例患者手术前后探诊深度、出血指数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6个月角化龈宽度从术前的(4.22±1.43)mm显著增加至(5.18±2.32)mm(P<0.05)。术后6个月上颌、下颌前牙龈缘根方1和2 mm处牙龈厚度与术前相比均显著增加(P<0.05);其中上颌前牙龈缘根方1和2 mm处牙龈厚度增加量分别为(0.68±0.56)和(1.00±0.69)mm;下颌前牙龈缘根方1和2 mm处牙龈厚度增加量分别为(0.38±0.42)和(0.58±0.45)mm;且上颌牙龈厚度增加量均显著大于下颌(P<0.01)。结论基于口内扫描技术进行软组织形态变化的定量评价方法切实可行。在骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]正畸-正颌联合治疗中牙周组织再生结合骨皮质切开术不但能增加角化龈宽度,而且可增加骨嵴顶冠方牙龈组织厚度。     

RW(牙合)板对伴颞下颌关节紊乱病的安氏Ⅱ类错(牙合)患者颌位及咬合关系的影响

目的探讨RW[牙合]板(RW-splint)对伴颞下颌关节紊乱病(temporomandibular disorder,TMD)的安氏Ⅱ类错[牙合]患者颌位及咬合关系的影响,以期为此类患者的诊断及设计提供参考。方法收集15例伴有TMD的安氏Ⅱ类错[牙合]患者,采用RW-splint治疗8个月后,通过髁突移位测量仪记录治疗前后髁突在正中关系位(centric relation,CR)和正中[牙合]位(centric occlusion,CO)时颌位(∠ANB,∠SN-MP,S-G0/N-Me)及咬合关系(磨牙、尖牙位移及前牙覆[牙合]覆盖值)的变化值。结果 RW-splint治疗后,15例患者∠ANB值(t=4.971,P=0.001)、∠SN-MP值(t=9.895,P <0.01)均显著增加,S-G0/N-Me变小(t=5.342,P=0.005)。15例患者下颌左右侧第一磨牙相对上颌第一磨牙远中移动均值分别为(1.57±0.79)mm,(1.69±1.29)mm;下颌左右侧尖牙均向远中移动均值分别为(1.54±0.50)mm,(1.51±1.08)mm;前牙覆[牙合]减小,覆盖增加,其均值分别为(1.16±0.60)mm,(1.99±0.85)mm。结论经RW-splint治疗后伴TMD的安氏Ⅱ类患者下颌皆发生顺时针旋转,磨牙及尖牙相对位置均有明显改变。     

微种植体支抗联合自制式滑动杆单侧推磨牙向后的临床应用

目的：探讨运用微种植体支抗联合自制式滑动杆单侧推磨牙向后的应用要点。方法：选择安氏Ⅱ类亚类错牙合7例(男2例,女5例),年龄15～30岁,平均18.7岁。轻中度拥挤,拥挤度平均4～5mm,或伴上中线偏移,或侧貌较突者。采用单侧植入微种植体支抗钉联合自制式滑动杆推磨牙向后,恢复上下磨牙的中性关系,保持上颌磨牙两侧对称,推力250g。疗程3～5个月,平均4个月。通过临床评价和矫治前后的照片和模型分析其治疗的有效性。结果：7例患者有效地应用微种植体支抗联合自制式滑动杆单侧推磨牙向后,矫正了单侧磨牙Ⅱ类远中关系、轻中度拥挤、中线偏移或恢复上颌磨牙两侧对称,取得较好的临床疗效。远移侧上颌第一磨牙远中平均移动4.2mm,平均移动速度1.05mm/月。结论：微种植体支抗联合自制式滑动杆单侧推磨牙向后,发挥了绝对强支抗作用,有效地远中移动上颌磨牙,容易取得患者配合,取材容易制作简便,有临床推广价值。     

Management of the Class III malocclusion treated with maxillary expansion,facemask therapy and corrective orthodontic. A 15-year follow-up

The facial growth of Class III malocclusion worsens with age, in this case, the early orthopedic treatment, providing facial balance, modifying the maxillofacial growth and development. A 7.6-year old boy presented with Class III malocclusion associated with anterior crossbite; the mandible was shifted to the right and the maxilla had a transversal deficiency. Rapid maxillary expansion followed by facemask therapy was performed, to correct the anteroposterior relationship and improve the facial profile. The patient was followed for a 15-year period, after completion of the treatment, and stability was observed. Growing patients should be monitored following their treatment, so as to prevent malocclusion relapse.     

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安氏Ⅱ类错牙合是一类常见的错牙合畸形,临床上主要表现为前牙深覆牙合、深覆盖、开唇露齿,上颌前突和下颌后缩。Ⅱ类错牙合的患者不但咀嚼功能受到损害,其容貌也受到极大影响,严重者可导致心理障碍。成功的矫治有赖于对矫治时机的正确把握和对矫治方法的正确选择。本文就安氏Ⅱ类错牙合畸形一些常用的矫治方法及近年来的矫治进展做一综述。     

Tip-Edge Plus矫治技术矫治恒牙期安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)的软硬组织改变

目的 探讨Tip-Edge Plus矫治技术矫治恒牙早期安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(猞)面部软硬组织的改变,以期为临床提供参考.方法 选择以下颌后缩为主的恒牙早期安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(拾)16例,其中男性7例,女性9例,年龄12～15岁,平均13.5岁,均采用Tip-Edge Plus矫治技术进行非减数矫治.矫治前后拍摄头颅侧位X线片,对矫治前后软硬组织头影测量结果进行配对t检验.结果 16例患者平均疗程16个月.矫治后U1-NA角和U1-NA距分别减少(15.40±5.31)°和(4.16±1 82) mm(P ＜0.01) 、U1-L1角增加(- 14.60 ±6.62)°(rP＜0.01),U1-SN角减少(13.30±2.53)°(P＜0.05),ANB角及Y轴角均显著减少(P＜0.05),SNA角矫治前后差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).矫治后患者软组织侧貌改善明显,鼻唇角增加( 16.60±5.29)°(P＜0.01),面型角减少(5.00±1.37)°(P＜0.05),上唇突度减少,下唇突度增加,上下唇和颏部软组织产生移位和改形,上下唇突度达到正常范围,由治疗前的Ⅱ类骨面型变为治疗后Ⅰ类直面型.结论 对下颌后缩的安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(拾)患者采用Tip-Edge Plus矫治技术,可快速、高效改善面部侧貌,使软硬组织侧貌面型趋于正常.     

垂直生长型安氏Ⅱ类1分类拔牙病例矫治前后硬组织的改变

目的研究垂直生长型安氏Ⅱ类1分类青少年与成人硬组织在矫治前后的变化,以期为正畸临床治疗方案的制定和治疗方法提供参考。方法选择38例垂直生长型安氏Ⅱ类1分类拔牙病例,在矫治前后拍摄X线头颅侧位片,对39个硬组织测量指标进行测量,并对青少年与成人矫治前后的变化量进行比较。结果研究对象矫治后ANB角、NA-PA、U1-FH、U1-NA、U1-Ptm、Spr-Ptm、Id-Go等青少年组与成人组的变化差异有统计学意义;Pog-Go、Cd-Go、S-Go、N-Me等都分别有所增加;与青少年组的OP-FH在正畸治疗后的减小相比较,成人组的OP-FH有所增加,成人组的平面发生了顺时针旋转。结论青少年在正畸治疗中表达更多的骨效应,即青少年通过正畸治疗能够更大程度地改善其Ⅱ类骨面型,更有利于其侧貌美观的改善;青少年上颌磨牙的伸长量基本是在有益的范围内,结合下颌升支等后面高的发育,能够使下颌平面、平面发生逆时针旋转,这对于垂直生长型Ⅱ类1分类病例的正畸治疗和面型改善以及治疗效果的稳定是有利的,同时也提示了垂直生长型Ⅱ类1分类错畸形的正畸治疗最佳时间为生长发育时期。