Maxillary canine–first premolar bilateral transposition in a Class III patient: A case report

Tooth transposition is a rare dental anomaly that often represents a challenge for the clinician. The case of a girl with skeletal Class III malocclusion and concomitant maxillary canine–first premolar bilateral transposition, followed from 7 to 17 years of age, is presented. After a first phase of treatment aimed at resolving the Class III malocclusion, the transposition was maintained and the case finalized with a multibracket appliance.     

桥小脑角区面神经与小脑下前动脉的显微解剖

目的 研究桥小脑角区小脑下前动脉形成的动脉袢及面神经脑桥小脑间隙动脉袢的显微解剖关系。方法：采用经福尔马林固定、灌注蛛红明胶的成人尸头22个(共44侧)，在手术显微镜下解剖观察，并进行有关数据的统计学处理。结果：（1）在44侧尸头标本中存在动脉袢的为42则（95.45%），每侧只有1个动脉袢的13侧（30、95%），有2个动脉袢的20侧（47、62%）；有3个动脉袢的2侧（4、76%）；有4个和5个动脉袢的各为1侧（2、38%）。（2）脑桥小脑间隙动脉袢由小脑下前动脉本干形成者33侧（78、57%）；由小脑下前动脉侧支形成者9侧（21、93%）。（3）脑桥小脑间隙动脉袢的类型中内耳门外型者23侧（54、6%），内耳门型者5侧（11.9%），由耳道型者14侧（33.33%）。（4）脑桥小脑间隙动脉袢的空间位置中水平位者29介（69.05%）；垂直位者13侧（30.95%)。（5）面神经与脑桥小脑间隙动脉袢的位置关系有五种，其出现率分别为：中间位54、76%（23侧）、下位11.96%（5侧）、后位9.52%（4侧）、上位4.76%(2侧）和前位2.38%（1侧）。（6）动脉袢与面神经根接触者出现率为77.02%。结论：桥小脑角区脑桥小脑间隙脉袢的形成及空间位置复杂，并且面神经与脑桥小脑隙动脉袢形成复杂的解剖关系。动脉袢可对面神经形成迫导致神经疾病的发生。     

桥小脑角区小脑下前动脉的显微解剖

目的 手术显微镜下观察研究桥小脑角区小脑下前动脉的显微解剖学。方法 采经福尔马林固定、灌注蛛红明胶的成人尸头22具(共44侧)，在手术显微镜下解剖观察，并没行有关数据学处理结果：①22具尸头44侧共发现小脑下前动脉41支。从基底动脉下1／3段发出者34支(占82、93%）从基底动脉1/3段发出者7支(占17．07％)。②小脑下前动脉起始段位于展神经根腹侧者34支（占82、93%）；位于展神经根背侧者5支(占12．19％)；穿展神经根丝者2支(占4．88％)。③小脑下前动脉与第Ⅶ和第Ⅷ对脑神经位置关系腹侧型者16支(占37．84％)；穿神经根型者19支(占47．02％)；桥袢型者4支(由9．76％)，远隔型者2支（占4.88％)。④小脑下前动脉形成的桥臂袢位于三叉神经根腹侧者9个(占34.62%）；位于三叉神经根腹外侧者15个（占57.69%)；位于三叉神经根背侧者2个（占7.96%）。结论：桥小脑角区小脑下前动脉与展神经，面神经，位听神经及三叉神经的解剖关系极其密切，血管与神经之间可产生相互压迫而导致某些神经症状的发生。     

改良固定反式双阻板矫治器矫治成人前牙反[牙合]对颅面软组织的影响

目的探讨临床应用改良固定反式双阻板矫治器（twin-block appliance，TBA）联合方丝弓技术治疗成人AngleIH类前牙反[牙合]的临床应用效果。方法应用改良固定反式TBA联合方丝弓技术矫治成人前牙反[牙合]18例，对治疗前后临床表现及X线软组织测量进行分析，评价其临床矫治效果。结果下颌软组织的变化十分明显，较快改善了侧貌外形。上颌前牙适度的唇倾也对软组织侧貌改善起了一定的作用。随访病例最长的3年，无复发。结论改良固定反式TBA联合方丝弓技术，可快速有效矫治成人前牙反[牙合]，对下颌软组织的影响较大。     

闭角型青光眼发作期应用葛根素治疗的临床观察

目的：观察葛根素注射液在闭角型青光眼发作期的作用效果。方法：将闭角型青光眼急性发作期患者随机分为2组，治疗组除常规抗青光眼治疗外，同时加静脉滴注葛根素400mg；对照组仅作常规抗青光眼治疗。结果：治疗组20例20只眼同对照组相比，眼压下降幅度、术后视力提高效果等差异有统计学(P＜0．05)。结论：葛根素注射液应用于闭角型青光眼急性发作期，不仅有助于病人的视力提高，而又有协助降低眼压的作用。     

Preliminary rapport on head posture and muscle activity in subjects with class I and II

Forward head posture may cause alterations in the stomatognathic system, including changes in the muscle activity of the masticatory muscles and dental occlusion alterations. Considering the need for further understanding of the relationship between the stomatognathic system and the cervical region, the purpose of this study was to analyse the head posture and the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the anterior portion of temporal and masseter muscles bilaterally among bruxist's subjects with different dental occlusion classifications using the Angle method. The study consisted of 20 female volunteers, between the ages of 17 and 27 years. They were separated into two groups (class I and class II occlusions) according to a dentist-performed evaluation. An assessment of forward head posture was conducted using a photographic technique (angular calculus) combined with a clinical analysis. In the EMG analyses, active differential surface electrodes (Ag) were utilized and were placed bilaterally on the belly of masseter and temporal muscles, perpendicular to the muscles fibres. The EMG signal recorded during bilateral isotonic mastication, was presented using the Root Mean Square and was processed by Matlab software. The results indicated that the EMG responses of temporal and masseter muscles tend to be modified by occlusion alteration class II. Subjects with class II occlusion tended to present more occurrence of forward head posture with alterations in the muscle activity pattern between masseter and temporal muscles.     

光照角度对牙体与充填材料间微渗漏影响的研究

目的：通过改变发光二极管（light emitting diode,LED）固化光源与充填材料表面所成角度,研究光照角度对牙体与充填材料间微渗漏的影响。方法：选取21颗完整的离体前磨牙,随机分成3组,以颊面牙颈部釉牙骨质界为中心制备直径2mm,洞深1.5mm的圆形V类洞,酸蚀粘结后,复合树脂充填,以3种不同的角度光照,3组光源均朝向根方,A组：固化光源与充填体表面成30°角光照;B组：成60°角光照;C组：成90°角光照。将3组实验牙置于（37±1）℃恒温箱,0.1%罗丹明B荧光染色剂浸泡24h后,经充填体中央,沿牙体长轴颊舌向纵剖成两半,激光扫描共聚焦显微镜（Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy,LSCM）下观测龈壁及壁处的微渗漏。结果：改变固化光源与充填材料表面所成角度,对龈壁处微渗漏的影响具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,龈壁处光照角度为90°时微渗漏最小;壁处3组之间微渗漏无明显差异。结论：固化光源光照角度的改变对牙体与充填材料间的微渗漏有影响。本实验光照角度为90°时牙体与充填材料间微渗漏最小。     

Valutazione strumentale delle malocclusioni di Classe II

Objectives

In the present study, the authors investigated the possible etiological role of the masticatory muscles in the development of Angle class II malocclusion in hypodivergent and hyperdivergent patients.

Materials and methods

Ten patients with Angle class II malocclusion were examined, and each underwent surface electromyography, T-Scanning, and kinesiography.

Results

Compared with the hyperdivergent patients, those who were hypodivergent exhibited increased activation of all the muscles studied, especially the anterior temporalis and masseter, which presented a more anterior occlusal barycenter and higher-velocity opening and closing.

Conclusion

Structural and/or positional changes in the mandibles can be related to dysfunctional muscle activity. The muscle dysfunction can alter the growth pattern, especially in hypodivergent patients.     

骨性安氏Ⅲ类错危险因素的病例对照研究

目的：探讨安氏Ⅲ类错颌的危险因素,为骨性安氏Ⅲ类错的预防提供科学依据。方法：采用病例-对照研究方法,对2003～2009年度西安交通大学口腔医院收治的312例骨性安氏Ⅲ类错病例和344名健康对照者作为研究对象,对研究对象及其亲生父母进行统一的问卷调查,对所有研究因素经单因素分析和二项分类Logistic回归分析,筛选出与骨性安氏Ⅲ类错发生相关的危险因素。骨性安氏Ⅲ类错的诊断标准为：第一恒磨牙为近中关系,前牙反。结果：按α=0.05水准,用x2检验对32个研究因素进行单因素分析,初步筛选出11个可疑危险因素,再经二项分类Logistic逐步回归法,进行多因素分析,最终筛选出与骨性安氏Ⅲ类错发生相关的5个危险因素,分别是腭裂、咬上唇、一级亲属家族史、乳前牙反、人工喂养。结论：骨性安氏Ⅲ类错与遗传因素和环境因素关系密切,应采取综合措施加强预防。