CT冠状动脉血管造影和血管内超声融合算法的研究

提出了一种基于冠状动脉中心线的CT冠状动脉血管造影(CTCA)和血管内超声(IVUS)融合的方法。该方法,首先从CTCA中提取冠状动脉中心线,并沿中心线提取其横截面;其次,对IVUS内膜和中-外膜进行半自动分割;再次,使用环形最大强度投影算法把CTCA和IVUS投影到二维空间中,并使用投影图像进行配准。最后,使用图形学方法把CTCA和IVUS融合在同一个三维空间中。融合CTCA和IVUS可以给医生诊断冠心病提供更多有用的信息。     

24例镰刀综合征心血管造影征象分析

笔者分析了２４例镰刀综合征心肺血管病变的造影征象及其病理生理意义，并与手术（１４例）和尸解（４例）资料对照。２４例心血管造影示全部或部分右肺静脉异常引流，分别为１７例和７例。异常引流静脉近端局限性狭窄９例，其中２例异常和正常引流静脉间有侧支吻合，右下肺异常体动脉侧支供血１８例。并存各种心脏病变者１８例，马蹄肺６例，右下肺肺隔离症３例，下腔静脉闭锁和狭窄分别为２和１例。右下肺异常体动脉侧支和心脏病变是患者严重症状和肺动脉高压的主要因素。除肺隔离症外，经导管栓塞异常体动脉侧支可使用者明显受益。异常引流静脉狭窄具有限制血液分流的作用。     

自动跟踪、手动触发技术在64层CT冠状动脉造影中的应用

目的 探讨64层CT冠状动脉造影(CTCA)的合理对比剂注射时间,并观察自动跟踪、手动触发技术在去除上腔静脉和右心腔伪影中的价值. 方法 临床拟诊冠状动脉性心脏病的338例患者接受CTCA检查,其中自动跟踪智能触发组256例(据扫描延迟时间分3组:<19 s组、19～23 s组及>23 s组),自动跟踪、手动触发组82例.对比剂注射时间设定为17 s,注射速率3.5～5.5 ml/s.智能扫描组阈值设为120 HU,手动触发组阈值设为500 HU.对自动跟踪智能触发组的三个时间组,以及智能触发组与手动触发组的图像质量进行比较. 结果 智能触发组中扫描延迟时间19～23 s组的图像质量明显优于另外两组(P=0.037、0.040);手动触发组中完全无上腔静脉、右心腔伪影,图像质量明显优于智能触发组(P=0.036). 结论 64层CTA的合理对比剂注射时间为17 s;自动跟踪、手动触发技术能有效去除上腔静脉及右心腔伪影,获得理想的冠状动脉图像,值得推广应用.     

右室异常肌束的心血管造影诊断（附21例分析）

目的：探讨右室异常肌束的心血管造影征象，并讨论其诊断与鉴别诊断。材料与方法：回顾性分析１９８５年至１９９４年经手术证实的有完整造影资料的２１个病例的右心室造影征象。结果：右室异常肌束行右心室造影显示基本造影征象为：横跨右心室腔的充盈缺损、狭窄口、喷射征、漏斗部弧形膨出或囊袋状突出等。结论：右心室造影对右室异常肌束的诊断及评估肌束的位置、走向和粗细均很有价值，提出了与法乐氏四联症的鉴别诊断要点，认为根据造影表现两者容易鉴别。     

左侧三房心的X线诊断和评价

作者分析了２２例左侧三房心的临床资料，其中２０例经手术证实，经尸检或造影证实各１例。１０例为单纯左侧三房心，１２例俣并其他心血管畸形，描述了本病的胸部平片和心血管造影征象，左房真腔、假腔和异常纤维肌性隔膜的形态和运动特征。评价了不同检查方法的诊断价值，讨论了手术、病理、造影所见和临床征象间的相互关系以及本病的发病机理，分析表明，左房假腔排血受阻程度及合并畸形与发病年龄和临床症状密切相关。     

The role of the digital computer in pediatric cardiology

A digital computer system is described which allows the real-time processing of all physiological signals obtained during a heart catheterization procedure and which makes all relevant results and informations available immediately during the investigation.In addition, special electronic units and programs have been developed in our institution for the automated extraction of morphological criteria from biplane angiocardiograms. Thereby right and left ventricular volume, shape and contraction pattern can be quantitated and used to characterize the performance of the heart as muscle and pump in physical terms.Recently, complete digital processing of videoangiocardiograms has been achieved in a stroboscopic mode, each videofield in real time. Application of image enhancement, subtraction, integration and restoration techniques leads to a fundamentally improved angiocardiographic image quality for a given amount of injected contrast material.Based on eight years of experience with digital computer application in pediatric cardiology, computer technologies are considered likely to become the method of choice in the future.This article reflects the combined efforts of our research group for experimental cardiology and bioengineering, which is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft     

Cardiac digital subtraction angiography: Peripheral versus central intravenous dye injections

Peripheral and central intravenous injections of contrast material were performed during the cardiac digital subtraction angiographic (DSA) studies of 24 patients keeping constant X-ray exposure factors, volume of dye, and angiographic projection. The resulting continuous-mask-subtracted runs of cardiac images were videotaped and reviewed by three observers. In a forced-choice comparison, the central injection was judged to produce images of superior technical quality 42 times as opposed to 30 times for the peripheral injection. When comparing the diagnostic quality of the studies, the reviewers found no significant difference in diagnostic adequacy in 65 judgments (90%). They found the central injection to be superior in diagnostic quality in four judgments (twice in the same patient) and the peripheral injection superior in three judgments (all in the same patient). Although central intravenous injections produce slightly better cardiac digital subtraction angiographic images, we have found peripheral injections diagnostically adequate for most of these studies and favor them for simplicity and ease of performance.     

双主动脉弓及合并畸形的MSCT和超声心动图诊断对比分析

目的评价及对比分析MSCT及UCG对诊断双主动脉弓(DAA)及合并畸形的价值。方法回顾性15例确诊为双主动脉弓病例的临床、超声心动图及多层螺旋CT资料,并将其影像诊断结果与手术结果进行对照。结果所有患者均行手术治疗。15例DAA患者MSCT均完全符合诊断,其中TypeⅠ型(双弓开放)13例,右弓粗大者9例、左弓粗大2例,两弓均衡2例;TypeⅡ型(一弓闭锁)2例,均为左弓闭锁。超声心动图确诊9例,误诊6例。6例误诊患者中,5例超声诊断为右位主动脉弓,其中实为双侧主动脉弓均开放者3例(右弓粗大、左弓细小),双主动脉弓左弓闭锁者2例;1例超声诊断为左位主动脉弓,实为双侧主动脉弓均开放者(左弓粗大、右弓细小)。15例DAA中,仅2例为单发畸形,其余13例均合并一种或多种心、外内畸形,合并畸形主要包括:房间隔缺损、室间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭等。7例患者有不同程度的气管/支气管狭窄。15例中9例采用前瞻性心电门控CT扫描的CTDI平均值2.78±0.15 m Gy、DLP平均值29.35±1.73m Gy·cm2、ED平均值0.73±0.42 m Sv;图像均符合诊断要求。结论多层螺旋CT能准确地诊断双主动脉弓及并发畸形,以及合并的气道狭窄,诊断符合率明显优于超声,对制定治疗方案有重要的价值。     

动脉间型右冠状动脉起自左冠状窦的双源CT动态评价研究

缺血提供线索.     

64层螺旋CT对先天性心脏病的诊断价值

目的：探讨64层CT增强扫描及后处理技术对先天性心脏病（CHD）的诊断价值。方法：分析52例经手术证实的CHD患者的64层CT、心脏超声（TTE）和X线心血管造影（CAG）检查资料。结果：手术证实心内外畸形共142处,其中心内畸形54处,MSCT漏诊4处,TTE漏诊2处,CAG漏诊2处,MSCT、TTE和CAG对心内畸形诊断符合率分别为92.6%、96.3%和96.3%,3者差异无显著性意义（P=0.769,P〉0.05）;心脏大血管连接部及心外血管畸形88处,MSCT误诊或漏诊4处,TTE误诊或漏诊24处,CAG误诊或漏诊4处,MSCT、TTE和CAG对心外畸形诊断符合率分别为95.5%、72.7%和95.5%,MSCT、CAG诊断符合率明显高于TTE（P=0.004,P〈0.05）。结论：64层CT能客观清晰地显示CHD的病理解剖形态,对心脏大血管连接部及大血管畸形的诊断明显优于TTE,在CHD的无创性检查中具有较高的诊断价值。