Conception rates in women desiring pregnancy after levonorgestrel 52 mg intrauterine system (Liletta®) discontinuation

ObjectiveEvaluate reproductive function in nulligravid and gravid women after levonorgestrel 52 mg intrauterine system (IUS) discontinuation based on time to pregnancy.Study designWe evaluated women participating in the ACCESS IUS multicenter, Phase 3, open-label clinical trial of the Liletta(®) levonorgestrel 52 mg IUS who discontinued the IUS within 60 months of use and desired pregnancy. Study staff contacted participants every three months after IUS discontinuation for up to 12 months to determine whether pregnancy occurred. We excluded women who opted to stop attempting to conceive before 12 months. We evaluated 12-month conception rates in participants 16–35 years at IUS placement, comparing dichotomous outcomes using Fisher’s exact test. We performed a multivariable analysis to assess the association of baseline characteristics, age at discontinuation, duration of IUS use, and positive sexually transmitted infection testing during IUS use with conception.ResultsAmong 165 women who attempted to conceive, 142 (86.1%) did so within 12 months with a median time to conception of 92 days. The 12-month conception rates did not differ between nulligravid (66/76 [86.8%]) and gravid (76/89 [85.4%]) women (p = 0.83) and nulliparous (78/90 [86.7%]) and parous (64/75 [85.3%]) women (p = 0.83). In multivariable analysis, only obesity (aOR 0.3 [95% CI 0.1–0.8]) was associated with ability to conceive.ConclusionsAfter levonorgestrel 52 mg IUS discontinuation, women have rapid return of fertility in the year post-removal. Fertility rates after IUS removal do not vary based on gravidity, parity, age at discontinuation, or duration of IUS use.ImplicationsThis contemporary IUS study included a large population of nulligravid and nulliparous women. IUS use over many years does not effect spontaneous fertility after IUS discontinuation, regardless of gravidity or parity. Providers and patients should have no concern about the impact of IUS use on future fertility.     

数字X射线成像中的摄像机技术比较

数字化已成为现代医学成像的主流，摄像机则是数字Ｘ射线成像设备中的核心技术，本文就上前在数字Ｘ射线成像系统中使用的两种摄像机技术－－摄像管及ＣＣＤ摄像机进行了讨论和比较，结果在未来主分辩力成像研究中ＣＣＤ优于摄像管。     

用于评价动物社交偏好程度的新方法

目的：利用一种改进的三箱社交装置评价动物的社交偏好程度,并探索该方法的可行性。方法：采用注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)大鼠作为社交障碍模型动物,以同源大鼠（WKY)大鼠和Wistar大鼠作为对照组,模型组采用治疗ADHD的临床常用中成药小儿黄龙颗粒（1.88 g/kg、3.75 g/kg）灌胃给药16 d。利用改进的三箱社交箱,以待测鼠在陌生鼠侧密切交流区的时间、频次、路程及相关比例作为行为学指标,检测该方法对社交行为评价的可行性。结果：与Wistar大鼠组比较,模型组大鼠与WKY组大鼠在密切交流区域及有陌生鼠侧区域的时间显著减少（P<0.01）,其他指标如频次、路程及比例也均有不同程度减少,小儿黄龙颗粒两剂量均能增加模型大鼠上述各指标数值。结论：该方法能准确捕捉动物的社交行为特征,实现对动物社交偏好程度的全面、客观评价。     

Transcatheter closure in 354 pediatric cases of patent ductus arteriosus usi ng five different devices

评价五种不同介入性心导管堵闭术治疗小儿动脉导管未闭 (PDA)的应用价值。方法　 1989年 3月 - 1999年 12月 ,354例PDA患儿分别用五种不同介入堵闭术进行治疗 ,男 135例 ,女 2 19例 ,年龄 0 4 - 15(3 2± 0 8)岁 ,体重 4 8- 4 9(2 0 6± 3 2 )Kg ,Qp Qs为 1 2 - 4 4 (2 2± 0 5)。其中Porstmann海绵法 2 5例 ,Rashkind双面伞器法 78例 ,Sideris纽扣式补片法 4 3例 ,Cook及PFM弹簧圈器法 6 9例 ,Amplatzer蘑菇伞器法139例。单纯PDA351例 ,其中 3例为PDA结扎后残余分流 ;2例合并轻度主动脉狭窄 ,1例合并轻度肺动脉瓣狭窄。所有PDA患儿术后 1天 ,1个月 ,3个月 ,6个月均用彩色多普勒超声心动图随诊。结果　总成功率 98 6 % (351 354) ,其中Porstmann法 92 % (2 3 2 5) ,Rashkind法 98 7% (71 78) ,Sideris法 10 0 % (43 4 3) ,Coil法 10 0 % (6 9 6 9) ,Amplatzer法 10 0 % (139 139)。具体见表。五种方法残余分流分别是 :Porstmann法无残余分流 ;Rashkind法 17 9% (2 4小时 ) ,7 7% (6个月 ) ;Sideris法 18 6 % (2 4小时 ) ,15% (6个月 ) ;Coil法 5 8% (2 4小时 ) ,2 8% (6个月 ) ;Amplatzer法 8 6 % (2 4小时 ) ,1 4 % (6个月 )。五种方法的X线透视时间分别是 :Porstmann法 54 0± 13 0分钟 ,Rash     

国产吻缝合器在超低位直肠癌根治术中的应用

目的：探讨国产吻、缝合器在超低位直肠前切除术中的应用。方法：对27例直肠癌患者行超低位直肠前切除,应用上海产金钟牌缝合器、吻合器,进行结肠－直肠吻合。结果：本组根治性切除25例（92．6％）;1例发生吻合口瘘,发生率为3．7％;吻合口狭窄3例,发生率为11．1％,均经保守治疗治愈。结论：合理使用国产缝合器、吻合器可完成超低位直肠癌的保肛手术,可达保肛、根治、降低费用、减少并发症的目的。     

Slit-ventricle syndrome in shunt operated children

Summary Chronic intracranial hypotension is considered as a frequent complication in shunted hydrocephalus, besides obstruction and shunt-infections. In the last twenty years 32 cases of slit-ventricle were diagnosed among the more than one thousand operations on hydrocephalic children at the Paediatric Department of the National Institute of Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary. Most of them have been operated on in infancy. Time from the first operation to the development of slit-ventricle ranged from one to twelve years, the mean was 6.5 years. Seven patients were symptomless (22%), while 25 patients (78%) had more or less severe slit-ventricle syndrome with headache (25 cases), nausea/vomiting (23 cases), altered consciousness (21 cases), brainstem signs (12 cases), and epileptic fits (2 cases). Ten patients with moderate clinical signs improved under conservative treatment. In 15 cases an anti-siphon device (ASD) was implanted. In five of them the clinical result was good, but in the remaining 10 cases typical hypertensive signs were seen. In these cases low flow rate valves were implanted instead of the middle flow rate valve and ASD. In one case the intracranial hypertension persisted, so a middle flow rate shunt system was reimplanted and finally the patient improved. In this study the experiences with these 32 cases will be analysed and discussed.The authors stress the primary use of combined valves to avoid the slit-ventricle syndrome.     

Cost evaluation of a new IV device in an Israeli hospital

A new device for IV admixtures has been developed in Israel, the Vialink minibag. It consists of a partly filled minibag, attached by rubber tubing to a sterile receptacle into which various types of vials containing drugs can be firmly inserted.Time and motion studies were conducted to determine the time and cost associated with the preparation, dispensing and administration of reconstituted parenteral antibiotics via CIVAS (within minibags or Vialink bags) and preparation by nurses in wards in minibags. CIVAS with minibags was least expensive, followed by Vialink minibags. Self preparation on the ward by nurses was found to be the most expensive system.Only 55 % of all IV admixtures can be prepared by the Vialink system.As only one hospital in Israel has CIVAS, the study provides a solid justification for implementing pharmacy intravenous admixture services in all Israeli hospitals. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed.CIVAS (minibags and Vialink) permits the individualised preparation of sterile admixtures for each patient and provides advantages in terms of efficiency, economy and prevention of errors.Part of this study was published in Harefuah, the Journal of The Israel Medical Association, in September 1993 (Hebrew only; Evaluating CIVAS in Vialink against nurse preparation in wards.)     

一种四点弯曲单向交变应变细胞加载装置的研制

本文根据细胞动力学对力学因素的响应,设计研制了一种四点弯曲单向交变应变加载装置。通过对Wistar大鼠成骨细胞的试验,以及流式细胞仪（FCM）对细胞DNA分析检测的结果,表明研制是成功的,并可广泛使用于内皮细胞、成纤维细胞、平滑肌细胞、心肌细胞等组织工程和生物医学工程、人机工程学、细胞力学方面的研究。     

Major organ function under mechanical support: comparative studies of pulsatile and nonpulsatile circulation

We examined a major organ function during 3 h biventricular assisted circulation after acute myocardial infarction model in the pig. In left ventricular circulation, the outflow cannula was placed in the ascending aorta and an inflow cannula through the mitral valve in the left ventricle. A pump (pulsatile group, Zeon Medical, Inc., Tokyo, Japan and nonpulsatile group, Nikkiso HPM-15, Nikkiso, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) was connected to each cannula. In right ventricular circulation, the outflow cannula was placed in the pulmonary artery and an inflow cannula in the right ventricle. The right ventricular circulation was supported by a nonpulsatile pump (Nikkiso HPM-15). The items measured were the regional blood flows of the cortex and medulla in the kidney, white matter and gray mater in brain, and liver; renal arterial flow; carotid arterial flow; portal vein flow; common hepatic arterial flow; arterial ketone body ratio (AKBR); and lactate/pyrubic acid (L/P). In the pulsatile group, the renal cortical blood flow increased, and the medulla blood flow decreased. On the other hand, in the nonpulsatile group, both regional blood flows decreased. That means that in the pulsatile assisted group intrarenal redistribution improved rather than in the nonpulsatile assisted group. In addition the liver regional blood flow, AKBR, and L/P showed significant differences between the pulsatile and nonpulsatile groups. On the other hand, the white matter and gray matter regional blood flows and carotid arterial flow did not show significant differences between the groups. The results of our study indicated that pulsatile circulation produced superior circulation in the kidney and liver, and microcirculation on the cell level was superior as well in early treatment of acute heart failure.