胆汁瘀积性肝病发病的分子学进展

分子和细胞生物学的新进展使得医学界对正常胆汁分泌机制和胆汁瘀积肝病机制有了相当多的了解,胆汁瘀积性肝病的研究工作最近取得了新成果,特别是肝胆转运系统的分子克隆已使参与遗传性及获得性胆汁瘀积综合征发病过程的主要分子成分得到了识别。     

Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic effects in man of a new nonionic contrast agent (iohexol): Advantages over standard ionic agents

Iohexol is a new, nonionic contrast material that has been shown in animal studies to hold great promise as an agent for coronary arteriography and ventriculography with fewer adverse hemodynamic effects than standard ionic media. At present, it has not been studied systematically in man. Fifty patients referred for elective cardiac catheterization were randomized to receive either iohexol or meglumine sodium diatrizoate (Renografin^®-76). Both operator and patient were blinded as to which agent was being used. Hemodynamic variables measured were pulmonary artery wedge pressure and systemic blood pressure. In addition, the following electrocardiographic indexes were evaluated: S-T segment shifts, changes in Q-T interval, changes in T-wave amplitude, and changes in heart rate. These variables were measured after left ventriculography and after both left and right coronary arteriography. Both iohexol and sodium meglumine diatrizoate produced small transient elevations in pulmonary artery wedge pressure. Systemic hypotension occurred with both agents but was more profound and longer-lasting with sodium meglumine diatrizoate. Iohexol injection resulted in no electrocardiographic changes, whereas sodium meglumine diatrizoate produced marked Q-T prolongation, as well as changes in T-wave amplitude and heart rate, Iohexol was well tolerated by the patients, and radiographic opacification was good to excellent in all cases. Thus, iohexol produces fewer deleterious hemodynamic and electrocardiographic changes than sodium meglumine diatrizoate when studied in a typical adult population requiring diagnostic cardiac catheterization. This favorable preliminary experience in man has potential widespread importance because of the large number of patients undergoing angiographic procedures.     

Real-time ultrasound observation of breathing and movements in the fetal lamb

In seven pregnant ewes with catheters chronically implanted in the fetus, real-time ultrasound observations of fetal breathing and body movements were correlated with direct measurements of fetal arterial and tracheal pressures, heart rate, and intrauterine pressure. There was excellent correlation between the ultrasound record of fetal breathing and recordings of intratracheal pressure changes even when breath amplitude was low or frequently was high. Fetal body movements (stretches, rolls, kicks) were observed during both breathing and nonbreathing periods; vigorous movements were accompanied by rapid deflections of the amniotic and tracheal pressure traces. Movement was frequently accompanied by transient increases or decreases in heart rate. The results indicate that real-time ultrasound is an accurate method for observation of fetal movement in pregnant sheep and is particularly valuable when combined with direct measurements of fetal physiologic parameters.     

The skeletal manifestations of clubbing: A study in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

The skeletal manifestations of clubbing of the digits have been occasionally noted and only briefly discussed in the literature. We investigated the radiographic features of digital clubbing in 37 patients with diverse diseases including cyanotic congenital heart disease, lung malignancy-associated hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, and idiopathic cases. We identified two types of bone changes--osteolysis or bone dissolution, and bone formation or hypertrophy. The changes were more evident in the feet than in the hands, and the degree of soft tissue change did not always reflect the underlying osseous abnormalities. The relationship of these changes (ie, osteolysis, hypertrophy) to each other appear to depend in part on the underlying disease as well as the time course or disease duration. Thus, clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy may not represent distinct entities; our data suggest that they may be stages in an evolving, more generalized process of new bone formation or hypertrophy followed by osteolysis or atrophy affecting many parts of the skeleton.     

五种络合剂对促排钍的疗效评价

本文对有较好排钍效果的811、8102、8307-7603和DTPA等五种络合剂, 从量效关系, 时效关系和疗效强度等方面进行比较。结果表明, 从尿粪中²³⁴Th的排出量的增加和组织中²³⁴Th蓄积量的降低为指标, 以8102的疗效为最佳, 其次是811, 但811使肾²³⁴Th菩积量有增加。DTPA和7603在高剂量时才有较好的排²³⁴Th效果, 且7603以粪²³⁴Th形式排出为主, 其疗效与DTPA、8307基本相当。     

Multiple cyclophilins involved in different cellular pathways mediate HCV replication

Three cyclophilin inhibitors (DEBIO-025, SCY635, and NIM811) are currently in clinical trials for hepatitis C therapy. The mechanism of action of these, however, is not completely understood. There are at least 16 cyclophilins expressed in human cells which are involved in a diverse set of cellular processes. Large-scale siRNA experiments, chemoproteomic assays with cyclophilin binding compounds, and mRNA profiling of HCV replicon containing cells were used to identify the cyclophilins that are instrumental to HCV replication. The previously reported cyclophilin A was confirmed and additional cyclophilin containing pathways were identified. Together, the experiments provide strong evidence that NIM811 reduces viral replication by inhibition of multiple cyclophilins and pathways with protein trafficking as the most strongly and persistently affected pathway.     

子宫颈酸性磷酸酶在恶性子宫颈鳞状上皮细胞中异常表达

目的 观察子宫颈酸性磷酸酶(cervical acid phosphatase,CAP)在子宫颈鳞状细胞癌(squamous cell carcinoma,SCC)中的异常表达.方法 选择30例确诊为子宫颈SCC的住院患者,手术前采集子宫颈涂片,分别进行传统的巴氏染色和CAP检测.CAP的检测采用FSC-811染色试剂盒,细胞胞质中出现红色物质为CAP阳性.巴氏染色结果的判定采用TBS分级系统.结果 正常的子宫颈鳞状上皮细胞中CAP表达为阴性,而正常的子宫颈管细胞中CAP表达阳性;30例诊断为子宫颈SCC的患者子宫颈涂片中CAP均为阳性.典型的CAP细胞内分布呈颗粒状,这可能与溶酶体的分布一致.结论 CAP在子宫颈SCC中的表达或活性增加,提示CAP有可能成为子宫颈SCC的生物标记物.     

Arrhythmia resulting from sensing malfunction in a P wave triggered pacemaker

P wave triggered pacemakers can produce complicated arrhythmias during normal function. A ventricular, R wave inhibited pacemaker and an atrial sensing pacemaker were both present and functioning normally in the patient reported here. A premature paced beat was observed every 12th beat which resulted from discharge of the atrial sensing pacemaker. This arrhythmia appeared because a “P” wave occurred during the noise sampling period of the atrial sensing pacemaker, disabling the demand function and resulting in generator discharge on or near the T wave of a preceding unsensed beat while the pacemaker was in the asynchronous mode.