腹膜转移瘤的影像学诊断

目的探讨腹膜转移瘤的影像学表现特点。方法回顾性分析经手术及穿刺活检证实的35例腹膜转移瘤的影像学表现,并与手术结果对照,35例做CT平扫及增强扫描,5例行MR I检查。结果(1)腹膜转移瘤常表现为大量腹水(22/35);(2)腹膜结节状增厚(23/35);(3)大网膜饼形增厚(16/35)和大网膜污垢样改变(12/35);(4)肠系膜污垢样改变(12/35)及结节状改变(9/35);(5)腹腔单发或多发囊性改变,有占位效应(4/35)。结论CT/MR I是发现腹膜转移灶的重要影像学方法。     

磁共振脑功能成像指导脑肿瘤切除的意义

脑外科手术的目的是最大限度地切除脑肿瘤并尽可能保留功能,提高脑肿瘤患者的术后生存质量。脑外科医师需要在术前明确肿瘤区域与存留功能区域的空间关系,拟定手术切除计划,尽量回避对存留功能区的损伤,并预测术后可能发生的功能损害;术后需要了解手术区域脑功能的恢复状况,评价手术疗效。目前,能够进行空间定位的脑功能的评价措施包括多导脑电图(EEG)、脑磁图(MSI)、正电子发射断层(PET)和磁共振脑功能成像(fMR I)。本文主要介绍了磁共振脑功能成像评价脑肿瘤患者脑功能应用研究现状。1脑肿瘤的磁共振脑功能成像磁共振脑功能成像原理…     

自发性颅内低压综合征的影像学特点

自1938年Schaltenbrand第一次描述1例自发性颅内低压综合征病例以来,该病症逐渐为人们认识。颅内低压综合征的诊断主要根据临床有典型的体位性头痛症状(直立位出现或加重,平卧位减轻或消失),同时腰椎穿刺测脑脊液压力低于8kPa(60mmH2O)。自20世纪90年代以来,文献报道的本综合征神经影像学表现越来越多,并使其诊断发生了革命性的变化。本文将就其影像学特点及发生的病理生理机制进行简要介绍。1自发性颅内低压综合征影像学表现的病理生理基础腰椎穿刺脑脊液压力低于8kPa(60mmH2O)是诊断自发性颅内低压综合征的主要依据,脑脊液压力降低也一…     

4－甲氧基－2－巯基－N－氧化吡啶钠的抗肿瘤及免疫抑制作用

４－个甲氧基－２－巯基－Ｎ－氧化吡啶钠（４－甲氧基巯氧吡啶钠，ＳｏｄｉｕｍＭｅｔｈｏｘｙｐｙｒｉｄｉｎｅｔｈｉｏｎｅ，ＳＭＰＴ）在试管内０．０１ｍｇ·Ｌ－１可抑制多种传代人癌细胞林，抑制细胞有丝分裂和损害细胞膜相结构，单用对动物移植性肿瘤无效，但明显增强氟脲嘧啶对小鼠Ｓ１８０的抑癌作用。使胸腺和脾脏重量明显减轻，抑制ＳＲＢＣ诱导的小鼠血清溶血素反应，抑制ＤＮＣＢ诱导的豚鼠皮肤迟发型超敏反应，抑制ＰＨＡ诱导的大鼠３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入的淋巴细胞转化。与２－巯基－Ｎ－氧化吡啶钠（巯氧吡啶钠，ＳｏｄｉｕｍＰｙｒｉｄｉｎｅｔｈｉｏｎｅ．ＳＰＴ）比较，小鼠ＬＤ５０（ｉｐ）增大，而试管内抑瘤的ＩＣ５０相近。     

Large colloid cyst in lateral ventricle simulating brain tumour

Summary This case report describes a patient presenting with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, whose computerized tomographic (CT) scan was highly suggestive of a large low-grade glioma invading the basal ganglia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a well-demarcated space-occupying mass of increased intensity in the left lateral ventricle and adjacent white matter. Following stereotactic biopsy, which yielded a homogeneous jelly-like material, the mass was removed microsurgically and was found to be most like a colloid cyst on histological examination. Discussion focusses on the clinical and differential diagnostic implications of this very unusual combination of findings.     

A comparative immunohistochemical study of malignant mesothelioma and renal cell carcinoma: the diagnostic utility of Leu-M1, Ber EP4, Tamm-Horsfall protein and thrombomodulin

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma has occasionally been reported to mimic malignant pleural mesothelioma. Morphologically, histochemically and immunohistochemically, similarities in the two tumours exist making their differentiation difficult, particularly in biopsy specimens. The aim of this study was to make a comparative immunohistochemical analysis of the two tumours by use of a panel of four antibodies (Leu M1; Ber EP4; thrombomodulin and Tamm-Horsfall protein). Their suitability in differentiating between the two tumours was assessed. We examined 20 cases of renal cell carcinoma and 20 cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma. On immunostaining with Leu M1, 14 of 20 renal cell carcinomas were positive, yielding 70% sensitivity and 95% specificity and one of 20 mesotheliomas. In comparison, Ber EP4 antibody stained only seven of 20 of the renal cell carcinomas. In addition, it was noted that four tubulopapillary pattern renal cell carcinomas stained positively with both anti-Leu M1 antibody and Ber EP4 antibody. Thrombomodulin immunostaining was present in 11 of 20 mesotheliomas (55% sensitivity and demonstrated 95% specificity) and one of 20 renal cell carcinomas. For epithelial mesotheliomas only, thromobomodulin staining was identified in 10 of 14 cases. In the differentiation of renal cell carcinoma from epithelial mesothelioma we recommend the use of Leu M1 and thrombomodulin as diagnostically useful markers. None of the antibodies used in this study was effective in distinguishing sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma from sarcomatous mesothelioma. Tamm-Horsfall protein showed little diagnostic utility in differentiating the two tumours.     

Synthesis and Structure Elucidation of 5-Aminomethinimino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic Acid Phenylamides and Their Immunological Activity

A series of 5-aminomethinimino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid phenylamides 4 has been prepared by condensation of 5-amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid phenylamides 1 with trichloroacetic aldehyde. Alcoholysis of trichloro derivatives 2 gave 5-alkoxymethine derivatives 3 which, on reaction with an appropriate amine, formed the corresponding compounds 4 . The compounds obtained were evaluated for their immunological activity. The properties of three compounds, described in this report, permitted inhibition of the immune response in all possible ways: diminishing both types of immune response ( 4d ), humoral immune response ( 4a ), or cellular immune response ( 4c ). Preparation 4d is comparable in its effectiveness to CsA, so it may be potentially used as an agent for prolongation of the function of transplanted organs. Two other compounds may potentially be used in cases where only one type the immune response is required for combating pathogen invasion.     

N-ω-Carbethoxypentyl-4-quinolones: A New Class of Leukotriene Biosynthesis Inhibitors

6-[(4-Quinolinyl)oxy]hexanoic acids and the corresponding esters were designed and synthesized as inhibitors of the production of arachidonic acid metabolites. The inhibitory activities were assayed in vitro by evaluation of serum leukotriene B₄ and thromboxane B₂ production. While all 6-[(4-quinolinyl)oxy]hexanoic acids and their esters proved to be inactive, the N-alkyl-4-quinolones, obtained as by-products in their synthesis, were found to be a new class of leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors.     

Retroperitoneal foregut cyst

A foregut cyst is formed as a result of abnormal budding and pinching of the tracheobronchial tree when bronchial buds develop to form the primitive respiratory tree. Foregut cysts are clinically classified as bronchogenic, esophageal, enterogastric, or ciliated hepatic. We present a foregut cyst that occurred in the retroperitoneum and was difficult to distinguish from other retroperitoneal cystic mass lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging was useful in revealing the cyst's continuity to adjacent organs. Received: 19 June 1995/Accepted: 23 July 1995     

In vivo induction of CD4+ T cell responses by antigens covalently linked to synthetic microspheres does not require adjuvant

Macrophages, dendritic cells or B lymphocytes have been shownto play a major role in the presentation of soluble antigensto CD4⁺ T cells. In contrast, the capacity of these cells topresent particulate antigens such as bacterial or parasiticantigens to T cells remains controversial. To investigate thisquestion, well defined particulate antigens were prepared bycovalent linkage of proteins or peptides to 1 µm in diametersynthetic microspheres. The T cell immunogenicity of such particulateantigens was analyzed in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, a solubleprotein such as hen egg lysozyme (HEL) coupled to beads stimulateda strong proliferative T cell response of lymph node cells fromHEL-primed mice or of specific T cell hybridomas. HEL coupledto beads was presented to the specific T cell hybridomas bysplenocytes or by peritoneal macrophages, but not by lymphomaB cells. Immunization of mice with several different proteinantigens or with a synthetic peptide covalently linked to beadsinduced strong CD4⁺ T cell responses in the absence of adjuvant.The strong in vivo immunogenicity of proteins coupled to beadsdid not result from a non-specific adjuvant effect of beadssince covalent linkage of the antigen to beads was strictlyrequired to induce T cell responses in the absence of adjuvant.In vivo treatment by carrageenan showed that macrophages arerequired for the in vivo stimulation of T cell responses bythese particulate antigens. Thus, these results demonstratedthe role of phagocytic cells, especially macrophages, for invivo presentation of particulate antigens. These particulateantigens represent an interesting approach for the developmentof new vaccines, and for the in vivo analysis of the role ofvarious antigen presenting cells in T cell activation and differentiation.