半枝莲提取物诱导人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡及其对凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨半枝莲提取物(Scutellaria barbata D.Don extract,SBE)对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡及凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2,Survivin和Caspase-3表达的影响。方法体外培养SMMC-7721细胞,以2.5,5和10 mg.L-1SBE处理48 h,并以2.5 mg.L-1顺铂(DDP)作为阳性对照。用MTT法检测细胞抑制率,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,二步法免疫组化检测Bcl-2,Survivin和Caspase-3蛋白表达。结果与正常对照组相比,SBE各浓度组细胞抑制率显著升高(P(0.001),细胞凋亡率明显上升(P(0.01),Caspase-3蛋白表达显著上升(P<0.01或P<0.05),Bcl-2和Survivin蛋白表达明显下降(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论SBE具有诱导肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡的作用,其分子机制可能与上调Caspase-3蛋白表达以及下调Bcl-2和Survivin蛋白表达有关。     

熊果酸对乳腺癌细胞caspase-3和PARP表达的影响

目的:探讨三萜类中药成分熊果酸(UA)诱导乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的凋亡作用,并通过分析UA作用后MCF-7细胞的caspase-3和多聚ADP核糖多聚糖(PARP)蛋白表达的变化,探讨其诱导MCF-7细胞凋亡的分子机制。方法:采用细胞培养技术,用不同浓度的药物在一定的时间内处理细胞株,采用MTT法、活细胞原位光镜和荧光染色技术、流式细胞技术(FCM)、荧光免疫组织化学技术,图象分析技术,研究UA对caspase-3和PARP蛋白表达的影响,诱导细胞凋亡的作用。结果:UA剂量依赖性的抑制MCF-7细胞增殖,半数生长抑制剂量(IC₅₀)为(22.6±3.0)μmol.L^-1,诱导caspase-3和PARP表达增加,使细胞呈现典型的凋亡形态学特征,核质浓集,有凋亡小体。结论:UA诱导MCF-7细胞凋亡,其机制涉及到caspase-3和PARP依赖性凋亡调节信号通路。     

Regulation of PPAR-γ activity in lipid-laden hepatocytes affects macrophage polarization and inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

BACKGROUNDLipid metabolism disorder and inflammatory-immune activation are vital triggers in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Various studies have shown that PPAR-γ exerts potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. However, little is known about the regulation of PPAR-γ activity in modulating cell crosstalk in NAFLD.AIMTo investigate whether the regulation of PPAR-γ activity in lipid-laden hepatocytes affects macrophage polarization and inflammation.METHODSPrimary hepatocytes were isolated from wild-type C57BL6/J mice or hepatocyte-specific PPAR-γ knockout mice and incubated with free fatty acids (FFAs). Macrophages were incubated with conditioned medium (CM) from lipid-laden hepatocytes with or without a PPAR-γ agonist. Wild-type C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet and administered rosiglitazone.RESULTSPrimary hepatocytes exhibited significant lipid deposition and increased ROS production after incubation with FFAs. CM from lipid-laden hepatocytes promoted macrophage polarization to the M1 type and activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. A PPAR-γ agonist ameliorated oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lipid-laden hepatocytes and subsequently prevented M1 macrophage polarization. Hepatocyte-specific PPAR-γ deficiency aggravated oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lipid-laden hepatocytes, which further promoted M1 macrophage polarization. Rosiglitazone administration improved oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in HF diet-induced NAFLD mice in vivo.CONCLUSIONUpregulation of PPAR-γ activity in hepatocytes alleviated NAFLD by modulating the crosstalk between hepatocytes and macrophages via the reactive oxygen species-NLRP3-IL-1β pathway.     

参芪复方对GK大鼠胰岛β细胞凋亡及Caspase-3表达的影响

目的:观察参芪复方对自发性2型糖尿病动物GK大鼠(Goto-Kakizaki wister rats)胰岛β细胞凋亡的影响并探讨其可能机制。方法:选取4月龄SPF级雄性GK大鼠50只,随机分为模型组,盐酸二甲双胍组,参芪复方低、高剂量组,并另设正常Wister大鼠对照组。连续灌药4周后,TUNEL染色观察各组胰岛β细胞凋亡指数(AI),并采用免疫组化染色,Mias-2000图像分析系统观察各组大鼠胰岛β细胞Caspase-3阳性物质积分光密度。结果:模型及低剂量组β细胞AI较正常组显著增高(P<0.01),各治疗组AI显著低于模型组(P<0.01),高剂量组及二甲双胍组β细胞AI显著低于低剂量组(P<0.01)且与正常组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);模型组及低剂量组胰岛Caspase-3积分光密度显著高于正常组(P<0.01),高剂量组、二甲双胍组Caspase-3积分光密度显著低于模型组(P<0.05)和低剂量组(P<0.01),且与正常组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:参芪复方能够抑制GK大鼠胰岛β细胞凋亡,机制可能与其抑制β细胞Caspase-3表达有关。     

枳壳不同炮制品的燥性比较及其对功能性消化不良大鼠胃肠功能的影响

目的:比较枳壳不同炮制品的燥性,考察其对功能性消化不良(FD)大鼠胃肠功能的影响。方法:以大鼠饮水量、排尿量、肾水通道蛋白3(AQP3)含量、血清环磷酸腺苷(c AMP)与血清环磷酸鸟苷(c GMP)比值为评价指标,观察不同剂量的枳壳生品、麸炒枳壳、蜜麸枳壳对健康大鼠水液代谢的影响;以胃黏膜损伤指数,血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),白细胞介素6(IL-6),IL-8含量为评价指标,观察不同剂量枳壳生品、麸炒枳壳、蜜麸枳壳对健康大鼠胃黏膜损伤的影响;以大鼠胃残留率和小肠推进率,血清胃动素(MTL),血管活性肠肽(VIP),降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)含量为评价指标,观察不同剂量枳壳生品、麸炒枳壳、蜜麸枳壳对FD大鼠胃肠功能的影响。结果:在水液代谢方面,同等剂量给药组与空白组相比,差异性排序为枳壳生品麸炒枳壳蜜麸枳壳,且高剂量组低剂量组;在胃黏膜损伤方面,不同剂量枳壳生品、麸炒枳壳、蜜麸枳壳组各项指标与空白组比较均无显著性差异;在促胃肠动力方面,同等剂量给药组与模型组相比,差异性为麸炒枳壳枳壳生品蜜麸枳壳,且低剂量组高剂量组。结论:枳壳生品的燥性主要表现为对机体津液的损伤,且强度与剂量有关,对健康大鼠胃黏膜未见明显直接刺激。炮制后可在一定程度上缓和伤津之弊,且以蜜麸枳壳缓和作用最佳;枳壳生品和炮制品均可促进FD大鼠胃肠功能的恢复,麸炒枳壳治疗作用优于生品与蜜麸制品。     

独蒜兰的化学成分研究

目的 对独蒜兰Pleione bulbocodioides假鳞茎的化学成分进行研究.方法 采用正、反相硅胶柱色谱,凝胶柱色谱及制备高效液相色谱等方法对独蒜兰乙醇提取物的醋酸乙酯部位进行分离纯化,根据波谱数据结合理化性质鉴定化合物结构.结果 从独蒜兰乙醇提取物的醋酸乙酯部位分离得到13个化合物,分别鉴定为4,4 '-二羟基二苯基甲烷(1)、phillygenin (2)、表松脂醇(3)、2,5,2',5'-四羟基-3-甲氧基联苄(4)、大黄酚(5)、大黄素甲醚(6)、汉黄芩素(7)、β-谷甾醇(8)、山药素Ⅲ (9)、对羟基苯甲酸(10)、独蒜兰西醇F(11)、3,3'-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-5-methoxybibenzyl (12)、3 ',5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-methoxybibenzyl (13).结论 化合物1～8为首次从独蒜兰属植物中分离得到.     

STAT3-siRNA对人甲状腺癌SW579细胞株增殖侵袭的影响

目的研究小干扰RNA-siRNA对人甲状腺癌SW579细胞STAT3表达及细胞增殖和侵袭的抑制作用。方法将STAT3-siRNA转染给人甲状腺癌SW579细胞来沉默STAT3的表达。用逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）和Western blotting测定STAT3mRNA和蛋白的表达。用甲基噻唑基四唑（MTT）来分析STAT3STAT3-siRNA对癌细胞的生长抑制作用。通过RT-PCR检测MMP2和MMP9mR-NA的表达,Transwell侵袭小室实验研究癌细胞的体外侵袭能力。结果STAT3-siRNA能有效而稳定地抑制甲状腺癌SW579中STAT3的表达,下调STAT3可以在体外显著抑制肿瘤细胞的生长,在转染后24、48、72h,转染STAT3特异性的siRNA组生长抑制率显著高于对照组。siRNA沉默STAT3基因后,肿瘤细胞的体外侵袭能力明显下降。结论下调STAT3可以在体外显著抑制肿瘤细胞的生长和侵袭能力,STAT3特异性siRNA作为一种治疗肿瘤的新途径值得进一步研究。     

Promise and Progress for Functional and Molecular Imaging of Response to Targeted Therapies

Biomarkers to predict or monitor therapy response are becoming essential components of drug developer's armamentaria. Molecular and functional imaging has particular promise as a biomarker for anticancer therapies because it is non-invasive, can be used longitudinally and provides information on the whole patient or tumor. Despite this promise, molecular or functional imaging endpoints are not routinely incorporated into clinical trial design. As the costs of clinical trials and drug development become prohibitively more expensive, the need for improved biomarkers has become imperative and thus, the relatively high cost of imaging is justified. Imaging endpoints, such as Diffusion-Weighted MRI, DCE-MRI and FDG-PET have the potential to make drug development more efficient at all phases, from discovery screening with in vivo pharmacodynamics in animal models through the phase III enrichment of the patient population for potential responders. This review focuses on the progress of imaging responses to new classes of anti-cancer therapies targeted against PI3 kinase/AKT, HIF-1alpha and VEGF. The ultimate promise of molecular and functional imaging is to theragnostically predict response prior to commencement of targeted therapy.     

Deacetylation of 4-(5-acetylamino-2-furyl)thiazole and formation of 1-(4-thiazolyl)-3-cyano-1-propanone by rat liver tissues

The reductive metabolism of the rat carcinogen 4-(5-nitro-2furyl)thiazole (NFT) to 1-4-thiazolyl)-3-cyano-1-propanone (TCP) is reported. Formation of TCP from NFT involved furan ring fission. This could have occurred through involvement of either aminofuran or N-hydroxylaminofuran as precursors. To examine if 4-(5-amino-2-furyl)thiazole is a precursor for TCP, a stable model compound, 4-(5-acetylamino-2-furyl)thiazole (AAFT), was prepared and subjected to enzymatic deacetylation, using rat liver tissue homogenates. AAFT was synthesized by catalytic hydrogenation of NFT with 5% palladium on activated carbon, followed by acetylation with acetic anhydride. AAFT, a white crystalline powder, melted at 168–170°, had an extinction coefficient of 17.9 mM^?1 cm^?1 at 293 nm in ethyl acetate, and exhibited spectroscopic and mass spectral characteristics consistent with the assigned structure. Incubation with rat liver 10,000 g supernatant preparations resulted in the biotransformation of AAFT as evidenced by a decrease in absorption at 290 nm. Incubation of ¹⁴C-labeled AAFT followed by extraction with chloroform-diethyl ether (1:1) resulted in the recovery of a major portion (56%) of the radioactivity in the organic phase when the label was at the 2-position of the thiazole ring, while the major amount (82%) of radioactivity was recovered in the aqueous phase when the 1-¹⁴C-acetyl group was labeled. The radioactivity from the aqueous phase was extractable into the organic phase following acidification to pH 1, an observation consistent with deacetylation. Furthermore, the deacetylation product exhibited a mass spectrum, and retention times in gas and high pressure liquid chromatography, similar to those of synthetic TCP. These data establish 4-(5-amino-2-furyl)thiazole, derived from AAFT by deacetylation, as a precursor for TCP.     

ω-3脂肪酸对胃癌新辅助化疗患者术后康复中的作用研究

目的：观察ω-3脂肪酸在胃癌新辅助化疗患者术后康复中的作用。方法：选择进展期胃癌40例,采用mFOLFOX-6方案术前化疗2周期,对照组（20例）术后常规治疗,治疗组（20例）,术前1d及术后6d加用ω-3脂肪酸,观察两组患者手术后康复有无差异。结果：两组患者术后2、4、6dC反应蛋白（CRP）比较,差异具有统计学意义;两组患者手术后2、4、6dSIRS（全身炎症反应综合征）发生率,切口感染、吻合口瘘发生率,及术后静脉导管相关感染、血液感染及肺部感染率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：ω-3脂肪酸能降低患者炎症反应,促进患者康复。