3.0 T MRI表观扩散系数诊断中度肝纤维化价值的实验研究

目的探讨3.0 T MRI表观扩散系数（ADC）诊断中度肝纤维化的价值。方法采用猪血清腹腔注射复制肝纤维化大鼠模型。采用3.0 T MRI 行DWI检查,计算b值=800 s/mm2时ADC 值。DWI 检查后快速处死大鼠,行病理检查,对照组（12 只）、轻度肝纤维化组（S1期18 只）和中度肝纤维化组（S2、S3期共22 只）比较采用单因素方差分析及SNK 法多重比较。采用ROC 曲线分析ADC 值区分中度和轻度肝纤维化的效能。结果中度肝纤维化组大鼠肝脏ADC 值为（1.47±0.39）×10-3 mm2/s,轻度肝纤维化组大鼠肝脏ADC 值为（1.78±0.67）×10-3 mm2/s,两组比较,差异有统计学意义,对照组与轻度肝纤维化组大鼠肝脏ADC 值比较差异无统计学意义（p >0.05）,与中度组比较差异有统计学意义（p <0.05）。ADC 值区分中度肝纤维化和轻度肝纤维化的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.79,以ADC 值=1.68×10-3 mm2/s为界值时,诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为61%和100%。结论3.0 T MRI 功能弥散加权成像能反映早期肝纤维化微观改变,肝脏ADC值有助于中度肝纤维化的诊断。     

研究分析磁共振3.0T高分辨T2WI成像技术在直肠癌术前TN分期中的诊断效果

目的:探究磁共振3.0T高分辨T2WI成像技术在直肠癌术前TN分期中的诊断效果.方法:选取2018年1月~2019年3月本院收治的50例直肠癌患者为研究对象,对其进行磁共振3.0T高分辨T2WI成像技术检查.结果:50例患者中癌症类型分为管状腺癌35例,黏液腺癌3例,高级别绒毛管状腺癌6例,中-低分化腺癌5例,印戒细胞癌1例;病灶形态分为环周浸润22例,环周菜花14例,局部肿块14例;分化程度为高分化6例,中-低分化5例;T分期为T1分期3例,T2分期13例,T3分期19例,T4分期15例;N分期为N0分期7例,N1分期10例,N2分期33例.患者T分期诊断中的灵敏度分别为76.36%、72.52%、96.25%和100.00%,特异度分别为99.99%、95.63%、92.25%和100.00%.N分期灵敏度为86.63%、88.52%和93.25%,特异度为99.63%、94.25%和100.00%.结论:对于直肠癌术前T N分期诊断而言,磁共振3.0T高分辨T2WI成像技术应用具有重要诊断价值,对于患者TN分期诊断和识别具有准确率高、可控性强等优势.     

Pharmacotherapy in obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of anti-obesity drugs

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Obesity poses a significant increase in morbidity and mortality and thus five anti-obesity drugs have been approved currently by US FDA. Several phase 3 trials have shown a significant improvement in cardio-metabolic profile including significant weight reduction with these agents compared to placebo.

Areas covered: We systematically searched the database of PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library and The ClinicalTrials.gov up to 30 September 2019 and retrieved all the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were conducted with these five drugs for ≥1 year and explicitly reported their efficacy versus placebo. Subsequently, we have conducted the meta-analysis to primarily study the effect of these anti-obesity drugs on weight reduction. We additionally reviewed the effect of these drugs on other cardio-metabolic parameters including key adverse events.

Expert opinion: This meta-analysis finds a significant reduction in body weight with orlistat (N = 10,435; ? ?3.07 Kg, 95% CI, ?3.76 to ?2.37), phentermine plus topiramate (N = 2985; ? ?9.77 Kg; 95% CI, ?11.73 to ?7.81), lorcaserin (N = 16,856; ? ?3.08 Kg; 95% CI, –3.49 to –2.66), naltrexone plus bupropion (N = 3239; ? ?4.39 Kg; 95% CI, ?5.05 to ?3.72) and liraglutide (N = 4978; ? ?5.25 Kg; 95% CI, ?6.17 to ?4.32), compared to placebo (all p < 0.00001).     

1．5T 与3．0T MRI 弥散加权成像对腰椎间盘退变诊断价值的比较

目的：比较不同场强磁共振成像（ magnetic resonance imaging ,MRI）设备诊断腰椎间盘退变的价值。方法120例腰椎间盘退变患者的600个椎间盘,分别采用1？．5T和3．0T 超导磁共振仪扫描,测得椎间盘表观系数（ apparent diffusion coefficient ,ADC）值;依据Pfirrmann标准对腰椎间盘进行分级。结果1．5T MR椎间盘Pfirrmann分级：Ⅰ级31个,Ⅱ级94个,Ⅲ级86个,Ⅳ级78个,Ⅴ级11个;3．0T MR椎间盘Pfirrmann分级：Ⅰ级41个,Ⅱ级80个,Ⅲ级81个,Ⅳ级91个,Ⅴ级7个。不同级别椎间盘ADC值比较,1．5TMR的Ⅳ和Ⅴ级椎间盘ADC值均分别小于Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ级,Ⅴ级椎间盘ADC 值明显低于Ⅳ级盘（ P ＜0．05）。3．0TMR组Ⅰ和Ⅱ级盘ADC值差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）,其余椎间盘随分级增高,ADC值明显减低（ P ＜0．05）。同一级别椎间盘3．0TMR组ADC值明显低于1．5TMR组（ P ＜0．05）。同水平同级别椎间盘2组MR设备ADC值比较,L1／2的各级椎间盘,3．0TMR组ADC值明显小于1．5TMR（ P ＜0．05）;L2／3的Ⅱ和Ⅲ～Ⅴ级盘3．0 TMR组ADC值明显小于1．5TMR组（ P ＜0．05）;L3／4和L4／5的Ⅲ和Ⅳ～Ⅴ级盘3．0TMR组ADC值明显低于1．5TMR（ P ＜0．05）;L5／S1的Ⅰ～Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级和Ⅳ～Ⅴ级盘3．0TMR组ADC值明显低于1．5TMR组（ P ＜0．05）。结论 MR测得的ADC值可用于腰椎间盘退变评估,椎间盘Pfirrmann分级越高,其对应的ADC值越低;与1．5TMR设备比较,3．0TMR对诊断早期轻度腰椎间盘退变更加敏感。     

A Practice Improvement Education Program Using a Mentored Approach to Improve Nursing Facility Depression Care—Preliminary Data

Depression is common in nursing facility residents. Depression data obtained using the Minimum Data Set (MDS) 3.0 offer opportunities for improving diagnostic accuracy and care quality. How best to integrate MDS 3.0 and other data into quality improvement (QI) activity is untested. The objective was to increase nursing home (NH) capability in using QI processes and to improve depression assessment and management through focused mentorship and team building. This was a 6‐month intervention with five components: facilitated collection of MDS 3.0 nine‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) and medication data for diagnostic interpretation; education and modeling on QI approaches, team building, and nonpharmacological depression care; mentored team meetings; educational webinars; and technical assistance. PHQ‐9 and medication data were collected at baseline and 6 and 9 months. Progress was measured using team participation measures, attitude and care process self‐appraisal, mentor assessments, and resident depression outcomes. Five NHs established interprofessional teams that included nursing (44.1%), social work (20.6%), physicians (8.8%), and other disciplines (26.5%). Members participated in 61% of eight offered educational meetings (three onsite mentored team meetings and five webinars). Competency self‐ratings improved on four depression care measures (P = .05 to <.001). Mentors observed improvement in team process and enthusiasm during team meetings. For 336 residents with PHQ‐9 and medication data, depression scores did not change while medication use declined, from 37.2% of residents at baseline to 31.0% at 9 months (P < .001). This structured mentoring program improved care processes, achieved medication reductions, and was well received. Application to other NH‐prevalent syndromes is possible.     

核磁检查在乳腺癌诊断中的应用价值研究

目的 探讨3.0核磁检查在乳腺癌诊断中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2011年2月-2013年6月该院门诊收治的90例疑似乳腺癌患者使用3.0核磁共振检查的临床资料.结果 90例疑似乳腺癌患者中肿物在2 cm以下的患者占36例,乳腺癌患者占18例,3.0核磁共振在术前的诊断中乳腺癌患者占16例,诊断符合率为88.9％,假阴性患者占2例;肿物在2 cm以上的患者占54例,乳腺癌患者占30例,3.0核磁共振在术前诊断为乳腺癌的患者占30例（100.0％）,假阳性患者占2例.结论 核磁检查作为一种新型的诊断技术,在乳腺癌诊断中的应用价值较高.     

3.0T磁共振不同序列检出妇科肿瘤盆腔淋巴结转移的比较

目的探讨3.0T磁共振(MRI)不同序列条件下,如何选择检出妇科肿瘤盆腔淋巴结转移的磁共振方法。方法选择符合入组条件的患者32例,于术前行常规T1加权序列（T₁WI）、T2加权序列（T₂WI）、增强扫描（T₁WI+C）、弥散加权成像（DWI）等序列检查,记录每例的盆腔检出淋巴结的组别分布及总淋巴结个数,与盆腔淋巴结清扫术记录对比,计算不同序列扫描对妇科肿瘤患者盆腔淋巴结转移的检出率并结合DWI序列扫描图分析分别以淋巴结短径及其表观弥散系数（ADC）阈值为判断标准时的阳性检出率。结果使用DWI序列对盆腔淋巴结转移检出率最高,为86.4%（51/59）,与DWI序列比较,T₁WI-MRI平扫、T₂WI-MRI平扫、T₁WI+C的检出率分别为61.0%（χ²=8.575,P＜0.05）、69.5%（χ²=3.996,P＜0.05）、72.9%（χ²=2.563,P＞0.05）,DWI序列的淋巴结转移检出率和增强扫描相仿。短径判断方法的检出率为81.4%,ADC阈值判断方法的检出率为89.8%,基于两种判断方法的检出率间差异无显著性（χ²=1.100,P＞0.05）。结论DWI序列扫描可以获得和增强扫描相似的检出率,优于常规T₁WI、T₂WI平扫,故推荐常规磁共振扫描时加扫DWI序列,其阳性判断方法可任意选用短径法和ADC阈值法。     

影像数据传输及存储的低成本实现

目的：依靠现有资源组建小型局域网,实现大型医用设备影像数据的传输和低成本存储。方法：基于TCP/IP和DICOM协议,建立Efilm workstation与各大型医用设备间的通讯,组建mini-PACS。结果：传输快速通畅,无数据丢失,实现了以光盘为介质存储影像数据,大大降低了成本,便于数据的导入、导出、再现、教学演示。结论：该方法简单可行,对中小医院具有一定的推广价值。     

PACS中MR序列定位线的绘制

根据核磁共振原理成像的MR设备,其扫描序列中的图像成像参数复杂,如何使临床医生定位当前MR图像切片在组织器官中的确切位置是个很重要的问题。基于DICOM3．0标准,结合PACS系统的应用,讨论TMR序列中定位线绘制的解决方法。