钼靶X线在乳腺癌诊断中的特殊价值

目的探讨钼靶X线在隐匿性乳腺癌诊断中的临床价值。方法回顾分析60例经手术病理证实的隐匿性乳腺癌的钼靶X线表现。结果 X线表现为孤立模糊小结节状影12例,小结节状影伴微细钙化2例,簇状细小钙化28例,局灶性致密影8例,放射状毛刺影4例,局部腺体结构扭曲6例。病理诊断浸润性导管癌36例、导管原位癌16例,小叶原位癌6例,浸润性小叶癌2例。结论隐匿性乳腺癌的X线表现常不典型,对局灶性致密、不定性钙化及局部腺体结构扭曲等征象的准确判读,以及活检病例的合理选择是隐匿性乳腺癌早期检出的关键。     

PET/CT在评价及观察大鼠肺癌放疗效果中的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to understand the role of PET/CT in monitoring the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy (RT) on lung cancer with Wistar rats. Methods Thirty Wistar in-bred strain rats (6-8 weeks, weighed 180-280 g, female, ordinary) were made into Lewis pulmonary tumor model rats. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT was performed when tumor reached 1.5-2.0 cm in greatest diameter (4-6 weeks) as a baseline. In order to get the optimal time point of PET/CT for moni-toring RT effect in rat cancer model, PET/CT was performed at the 3rd day, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th week after giving single dose of 5 Gy to each rat. Standardized uptake values (SUV) from FDG PET were measured and rats were sacrificed at different time point for validation. Besides, the expressions of glucose transport1 (Glut1) in tumor tissue were studied using immunohistochemistry. The level of tumor cell apoptosis, degra-dation, and necrosis were observed. SPSS 11.0 software was used for data analyses. Results A negative correlation of SUV uptake and time after RT and negative correlation of Glut1 expression and time after RT were observed in rat tumors, respectively. Positive correlation of SUV uptake and Glut1 expression in rat tumors was observed (Spearman rank correlation test, rs = 0.97, P < 0.01). Before RT, the SUV in rat tumor was 1.28 ± 0.31 and was decrease to 1. 00 ± 0.23 at the 3rd day and 0.18 ± 0. 10 at the 4th week after RT (F=15. 126, P<0.05). Before RT, the Glut1 in rat tumor was 0.2558 ±0.03 and was decrease to 0. 2320 ± 0. 01 at the 3rd day and 0. 1320±0.04 at the 4th week after RT. The amounts of tumor cell apopto-sis, degradation, and necrosis increased with time after RT. Conclusion Though FDG PET could monitor the therapeutic effect at the 3rd day after giving single dose of RT to rat lung tumor model, the optimal time was the the 4th week after treatment.     

肝外胆管恶性梗阻X线造影诊断

经皮肝穿刺胆管造影（以下简称PTC）是显示肝外胆管恶性梗阻直接征象的最佳方式，本文报告30例临床资料完整，肝外胆管恶性梗阻的PTC诊断。     

X线检查在乳腺癌诊断中的意义及作用

目的 探讨X线检查在乳腺癌诊断中的作用及意义.方法 选取2006年3月至2008年12月于笔者所在医院行乳腺检查的患者共725例,对其中最后经病理诊断确诊为乳腺癌的105例患者,进行回顾性分析,发现确诊的105例患者中的89例均为初期X线诊断中怀疑为乳腺癌患者.结果 早期X线诊断为符合乳腺癌标准的患者89例,占确诊为乳腺癌的105例患者的84.8%,即 X线诊断准确率达84.8%.结论 X线检查在乳腺癌的确诊中具有重要的意义,对早期乳腺癌的发现有积极的意义,值得进一步探讨研究.     

肩锁关节脱位合并喙突骨折的治疗

肩锁关节脱位合并喙突骨折的病例较少发生，临床报道也不多，最近我们收治了一组这样的患者，采用切开整复，钩钢板固定肩锁关节脱位，X线透视下空心拉力螺丝钉固定喙突骨折的方法治疗，临床效果满意，现报道如下。     

肋骨软骨肉瘤的X线诊断3例

软骨肉瘤好发于四肢长骨，扁骨亦可发病，肋骨较为少见，作者遇见3例，均经病理证实，现报告如下。     

CT对急性坏死性胰腺炎的诊断和预后评价

目的探求CT对急性坏死性胰腺炎的诊断及预后的关系。方法回顾性分析符合急性坏死性胰腺炎15例患者并做CT扫描,其中10例增强扫描。结果胰腺呈局限性肿胀者9例,普遍性肿胀者6例,胰腺实质内见到点状低密度灶5例,片状低密度影10例,其中4例同时有小片状高密度出血影;10例增强扫描中,低密度坏死灶与正常胰腺有明显的对比。胰腺周围有大量渗出和3例形成假囊性肿物,1例形成＂气泡＂样脓肿。结论CT征象不仅能对急性坏死胰腺炎做出正确诊断,同时对预后的评价都有重要的指导意义。     

先天性桡骨头脱位1例

1 病例资料 男,15岁,发现右肘畸形10年,疼痛伴活动受限1周,无外伤史.10年前发现右肘后外侧一骨性突起,无疼痛,无畏冷发热,无低热盗汗,到当地医院就诊未予以治疗,近一年来发现右肘原骨性突起变长.一周前无明显诱因感到右肘疼痛,无法伸直.查体:右肘关节屈伸活动受限,屈肘时见肘后一包块隆起,患者有痛感,前臂旋转力减弱,旋前右侧80°,左侧30°,与对侧相比患侧前臂较短小;双肘关节无明显肿胀,皮肤颜色正常.     

多层螺旋CT对胫骨平台骨折的诊断价值

目的:评价MSCT在胫骨平台骨折的分类及制定合理的治疗方案方面的价值。方法:对24例常规X线平片或临床诊断为胫骨平台骨折的患者进行MSCT扫描,并对图像进行MPR、SSD和VR重建,对骨折的部位、范围、碎骨片的数量或骨折程度、胫骨平台受累情况、手术入路、骨质疏松程度及骨组织的缺损等做出评价。骨折的分型根据Swiss AO-ASIF法。结果:24例患者中有19例进行了手术治疗,术中所见与轴位MSCT和MPR、SSD及VR重建图像综合做出的诊断一致。结论:MSCT及其MPR、SSD、VR重建技术对于胫骨平台的骨折分型及术前评价有重要意义。     

兔内听动脉阻断与听觉改变的关系

目的 探讨实验性内听动脉阻断与术后听力改变的关系及术中听觉监控的方法。方法 实验兔乙状窦后进路暴露小脑桥脑角，下压小脑暴露内听道及第Ⅷ神经复合体，分辨出内听动脉，予阻断不同时间，分别行蜗神经直接复合动作电位(DCAP)和畸变产物耳声发射记录(DPOAE)。结果对照组DCAPN1波潜伏期值无明显改变。内耳血供阻断10s和30s组在压迫开始后3min，DCAPN1波潜伏期值均恢复为初始值。内耳血供阻断1min组在压迫开始后3h，DCAPN1波潜伏期值未恢复为初始值假手术组DPOAE幅值无明显改变，内耳血供阻断10s、30s对DPOAE幅值无影响，内耳血供阻断1min使得DPOAE幅值下降结论兔内耳血供阻断1min可能造成兔听觉不可逆损伤。DCAP、DPOAE能有效、持续地监控内耳血供阻断，是耳神经外科手术中实用的听觉监测手段。