女性自发性冠状动脉夹层的临床特点及管理

<正>自发性冠状动脉夹层(spontaneous coronary artery dissection,SCAD)是指因冠状动脉内膜自发性撕裂或冠状动脉壁内出血造成的内膜和中膜分离,导致假腔形成,对真腔造成压迫,影响或阻断冠状动脉血流的较为少见的冠状动脉疾病[1-2]。SCAD在年轻女性及缺乏冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病易患因素的患者中更为常见,是女性急性冠状动脉综合征     

磁共振血管造影在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的应用价值分析

颅内动脉瘤是蛛网膜下腔出血的重要病因,是在脑动脉腔内压力增高或先天性缺陷基础上发生的内腔局限性的异常扩大,进而导致动脉壁的瘤状突出[1]。该疾病会导致患者出现呕吐、剧烈头痛、视力障碍等临床症状,如不及时治疗,会导致动脉瘤破裂,引发大出血,引发脑水肿、蛛网膜下腔出血等疾病,甚至危及患者的生命安全。临床上,常用数字减影血管造影(DSA)、磁共振血管造影(MRA)等进行诊断颅内动脉瘤。作为诊断该疾病的金标准,DSA检查不仅可以动态展示血管的充盈情况,还可以对血液循环时间进行计算,从而开展血管内的治疗性操作[2]。     

比较两种不同手术方式治疗脑动脉瘤的效果

目的探讨两种不同手术方式治疗脑动脉瘤的效果。方法选取南石医院2016-01—2018-03间收治的82例脑动脉瘤患者。按照术式不同分为2组,各41例。常规组采用开颅动脉瘤夹闭术,介入组采取血管介入栓塞术。结果介入组术后住院时间、临床疗效及术后并发症率均优于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血管介入栓塞治疗脑动脉瘤,术后并发症发生率低、疗效更加可靠。     

D-ACT与3D-DSA技术对颅内动脉瘤诊断价值探讨

目的早诊断、早治疗是改善颅内动脉瘤(intracranial aneurysm,LAN)患者预后关键,但临床检查及诊断方法较多,当前尚未明确各方法在LAN中诊断价值。本研究探讨LAN患者实施三维CT血管造影术(three dimensional computerized tomography angiography,3D-CTA)与三维数字减影血管造影术(three dimensional digital subtraction angiography,3D-DSA)临床诊断价值。方法选取河南省儿童医院2015-10-01-2018-10-01收治的80例LAN患者作为研究对象,以检验方法分为研究组和对照组,各40例。研究组实施3D-DSA检查,对照组实施3D-CTA检查,以全脑血管造影为金标准,对两组检出情况、敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值进行评估。结果以全脑血管造影为金标准,研究组阳性检出率及阴性检出率分别为62.50%和37.50%,对照组分别为52.50%和47.50%,两组比较差异无统计学意义,χ~2=0.818 4,P=0.365 6。瘤体检出率两组比较,差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。研究组检出准确率为92.50%,与对照组的90.00%比较,差异无统计学意义,χ~2=0.058 2,P=0.809 4;灵敏度为92.00%,与对照组的90.48%比较,差异无统计学意义,χ~2=0.053 2,P=0.817 6;特异性为93.33%,与对照组的89.47%比较,差异无统计学意义,χ~2=0.082 1,P=0.956 3;阳性预测值为92.00%,与对照组的90.48%比较,差异无统计学意义,χ~2=0.520 8,P=0.470 7;阴性预测值为93.33%,与对照组的89.47%比较,差异无统计学意义,χ~2=0.965 1,P=0.325 9。结论 LAN患者实施3D-CTA和3D-DSA技术诊断均有显著价值,临床可根据患者病情、治疗需求及实际需求选择合适诊断方法。     

主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术

主动脉的扩张性疾病可分为真性动脉瘤、动脉夹层（aortic dissection，AD）和假性动脉瘤。随着这类疾病发病率和检出率逐年提高，人们对它们的关注程度也不断提高。如何治疗他们，成为摆在临床医生面前的难题。1991年，Parodi率先报告了支架-人造血管复合体（直型）在腹主动脉瘤治疗中的应用，成为腔内血管治疗历史上的一个里程碑。随着医疗器械的不断发展、技术的不断完善、经验的不断积累总结，微创、安全的腔内隔绝术在主动脉扩张性疾病中的治疗中得到广泛的认可，并在全球范围内迅速推广。     

腺病毒介导MDA-7/IL-24选择性杀伤肝癌 细胞HepG2的研究

目的 ：观察MDA-7/IL-24基因对肝癌的选择性杀伤作用，为肝癌的基因治疗提供理论基础。 方法 ：将携带人MDA-7/IL-24基因的腺病毒Ad.mda-7感染人正常肝细胞L02和肝癌细胞HepG2;用RT-PCR法观察MDA-7/IL-24基因的表达;ELISA方法检测细胞培养上清液中MDA-7/IL-24蛋白的浓度;4甲基偶氮唑蓝染色法（MTT）及Hoechst染色观察MDA-7/IL-24对肝癌细胞的生长抑制和杀伤作用;Annexin-V和PI双染后流式细胞仪检测2种细胞的凋亡;用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期。 结果 ：复制缺陷型腺病毒能介导外源基因MDA-7/IL-24在肝癌细胞株HepG2和正常细胞L02中的高效表达;细胞培养上清液中有MDA-7/IL-24蛋白的表达; MDA-7/IL-24能明显抑制肝癌细胞生长并可促进肝癌细胞的凋亡;MDA-7/IL-24阻滞肝癌细胞于G2/M期，能选择性杀伤肝癌细胞而对正常的肝细胞无阻滞作用和毒性作用。结论 ：复制缺陷型重组腺病毒载体Ad.mda-7能介导MDA-7/IL-24基因在人肝癌细胞中高效表达，促使细胞增殖阻滞及诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡，选择性地杀伤肝癌细胞HepG2，而对正常肝细胞L02无任何毒性作用。     

钝性创伤致肠系膜上动脉分支假性动脉瘤一例

1病历资料患者女,46岁,2个月前因交通伤致腹部受伤,于当地医院腹腔穿刺抽出不凝血,行保守治疗后出现腹胀、腹痛、左下腹渐增性肿块。体检:贫血貌,左下腹可见一20cm×15cm包块,边界不清,有触痛,无搏动及血管杂音,肠鸣音弱。辅助检查:血红蛋白56g/L,红细胞2.3×1012/L。B超见左下腹有一不规则囊实性肿块,内部回声不均。彩色多普勒超声提示瘤腔内呈涡流的彩色血流信号,破口约0.8cm。CT提示左下腹包块,强化期包块内含造影剂血溢出,向下蔓延形成洋葱层样外观。CT血管成像(CTA)提示肠系膜上动脉分支假性动脉瘤。治疗时先采用介入方法,经股动脉…     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.