多柔比星介导的血管损伤促进主动脉夹层发生发展的机制研究

目的探讨多柔比星(Dox)介导的血管损伤在促进主动脉夹层(AD)发生发展中的作用机制。方法选取武汉大学人民医院行胸AD全弓置换患者10例为实验组,同期选择心脏移植术患者3例为对照组,2组均于术中取AD血管标本。另取3周龄雄性C57BL/6J野生型小鼠18只,随机分为3组,每组6只,对照组(WT组)、β氨基丙腈酯(BAPN)组(第3周开始饲喂含0.25%BAPN小鼠维持饲料)、BAPN+Dox组(根据体质量每周腹腔注射3mg/kg Dox,连续5周,第3周开始饲喂饲料同BAPN组),5周后,游离小鼠主动脉,4%多聚甲醛固定,石蜡包埋,切片。免疫组织化学及Western blot检测组织P53蛋白表达,TUNEL染色检测细胞凋亡情况。结果实验组P53蛋白较对照组明显升高(0.76±0.05 vs 0.39±0.11),凋亡细胞明显增多[(38.3±8.7)%vs (12.6±1.2)%](P0.01)。BAPN+Dox组死亡率明显高于BAPN组(100.0%vs 66.7%);BAPN+Dox组组织P53蛋白较BAPN组显著升高;VSMC凋亡明显增多,且2组P53蛋白和血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)凋亡均较WT组明显升高(P0.01)。结论 Dox介导的血管损伤可能通过诱导VSMC凋亡,促进AD发生发展。     

钝性创伤致肠系膜上动脉分支假性动脉瘤一例

1病历资料患者女,46岁,2个月前因交通伤致腹部受伤,于当地医院腹腔穿刺抽出不凝血,行保守治疗后出现腹胀、腹痛、左下腹渐增性肿块。体检:贫血貌,左下腹可见一20cm×15cm包块,边界不清,有触痛,无搏动及血管杂音,肠鸣音弱。辅助检查:血红蛋白56g/L,红细胞2.3×1012/L。B超见左下腹有一不规则囊实性肿块,内部回声不均。彩色多普勒超声提示瘤腔内呈涡流的彩色血流信号,破口约0.8cm。CT提示左下腹包块,强化期包块内含造影剂血溢出,向下蔓延形成洋葱层样外观。CT血管成像(CTA)提示肠系膜上动脉分支假性动脉瘤。治疗时先采用介入方法,经股动脉…     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

神经病、神经外科和精神病学杂志

严重脑损伤后17年的社会心理调整;由琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDHA）黄素蛋白（Fp）亚单位突变所致Leigh综合征;动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血早期循环中的内皮细胞激活标记物水平：与脑缺血事件和预后的关系;CSF前列腺素E2水平与认知功能下降和阿尔茨海默病存活率的关系；变异型克罗伊茨费尔特-雅各布病患者的CSF磷酸-tau蛋白浓度升高：诊断和病理学意义。     

细胞间黏附分子-1在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎大鼠中表达的动态变化及作用

目的探讨细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)大鼠中表达的动态变化及其作用。方法分别取免疫后第4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20天EAE大鼠脑和脊髓制成石蜡切片,行HE染色和ICAM-1半定量免疫组化分析。结果免疫后第8天ICAM-1表达即出现明显上调,早于临床症状的发生;随免疫后时间的延长,ICAM-1表达呈逐渐增高后缓慢下降的变化趋势,并且与EAE大鼠病情评分呈显著正相关(r=0.57,P=0.003)。结论ICAM-1的表达上调可能在EAE发病中具重要作用。     

脑前循环系统动脉瘤的外科治疗

本文报告113例脑前循环系统动脉管其中包括颈内动脉后交通动脉瘤75例.前交通动脉瘤17例,大脑中动脉瘤10例,人脑前动脉-胼周动脉瘤3例,颈内动脉-眼动脉瘤2例,颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤1例.多发动脉瘤5例.共118个动脉瘤在显微镜下直视手术,动脉瘤直接夹闭术108例.孤立或包裹术5例:5例多发动脉瘤行同期手术3例,分期手术2例.术中发生动脉瘤破裂18次.Hunt和HessⅠ～Ⅱ级病人中有例行早期手术.全组术后死亡率为7.9%.着重讨论手术时机.术中动脉瘤破裂处理及多发动脉瘤的治疗.     

以鼻衄为主要症状的颈内动脉假性动脉瘤的诊断治疗探讨

目的:探讨外伤性颈内动脉假性动脉瘤的诊断、治疗。方法:收集我院1992年来收治的以外伤后鼻衄为主要症状的颈内动脉假性动脉瘤患者7例,经DSA全脑血管造影证实诊断,分别采肜血管内治疗或手术治疗。结果:血管内治疗6例,均治愈;1例因在院外已行患侧颈外动脉结扎无法行血管内治疗而行颈内动脉颅内段夹闭术,亦治愈。结论:血管内栓塞治疗损伤小,效果可靠,不仅用于平诊亦可用于急诊抢救,是颈内动脉假性动脉瘤的首选治疗方法。     

经皮介入诊疗血管径路并发症的防治

前　言介入性诊疗的血管径路并发症指通过直接经皮介入的相关血管所发生的并发症 ,包括出血 (皮下瘀血、血肿、腹膜后血肿 )、血管迷走反射 (Ｖａｓｏｖａｇａｌｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ ,ＶＶＲ)假性动脉瘤 (Ｐｓｅｕｄｏａｎｅｕｒｙｓｍ ,ＰＳＡ)、动静脉瘘 (ａｒｔｅｒｉｏＶｅｎｏｕｓｆｉｓｔｕｌａ ,ＡＶＦ)、动脉血栓形成 (ａｒｔｅｒｉａｌｔｈｒｏｍｂｏｓｉｓ,ＡＴ)、栓塞、(深 )静脉血栓形成 (ＤｅｅｐＶｅｉｎＴｈｒｏｍｂｏｓｉｓ,ＤＶＴ)及神经功能障碍等。近年来 ,心导管术后血管径路并发症呈逐渐增多趋势 ,并逐渐演化成为心导管术…     

放射治疗可减轻骨癌患者的疾病

尽管美国临床医生每年利用放射疗法减轻骨癌疼痛的患者超过10万例以上，但很少有人了解这一疗法的作用机制。来自美国明尼苏达大学癌症中心的研究人员应用实验性放射模型，对通过减小骨肿瘤体积减少癌症引致的骨质破坏以缓解疼痛的放射疗法进行了测定。     

冠状动脉介入术少见并发症2例

近年,冠状动脉介入术越来越广泛地用于临床.因此项技术需穿刺外周血管,若术后穿刺口护理不当易造成并发症甚至带来严重的后果.因此,护理好穿刺部位极为重要.我们在临床工作中,感到对术后24h内的穿刺口局部护理甚为重视,而对术后24h后及穿刺口周围部位的护理重视不够.现将术后30h穿刺口再出血并形成假性动脉瘤1例和腹膜后血肿1例报道如下.