不同液体术前急性高容量血液稀释对深静脉血栓病人血液流变学的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) with different fluids on blood rheology in patients with deep vein (femoral and iliac) thrombosis. Methods Thirty ASA I or II patients aged 40-64 yr who had developed deep vein thrombosis in 48 h and were scheduled for embolectomy were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each) ; group I normal saline (NS) ; group II 6 % HES 200/0.5 ( HES) ; group IE gelofusine (GEL). AHH was performed with normal saline, 6% HES or gelofusine infusion at 20 ml·kg-1 ·h-1 for 40 min. MAP, HR and SpO2 were monitored. Blood loss, volume of blood transfusion and fluid infused and urine output during operation were recorded. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 3-5 fig/kg, etomidate 0.15-0.30 mg/kg, propofol 1-2 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1-2 mg/kg and maintained with 2% isoflurane and propofol infusion at 5-8 mg·kg-1·h-1 and intermittent iv boluses of vecuronium. The patients were mechanically ventilated (VT 8 ml/kg, RR 12 bpm). PaO2 and PaCO2 were maintained within normal range. Venous blood samples were obtained before and after AHH for measurement of hematocrit (Hct), whole blood viscocity (WBV) at low or high shear rates, plasma viscosity, RBC aggregation and RBC deformation. RBC aggregation index and RBC deformation index were calculated. Results MAP and HR were stable in all patients. The amount of blood transfusion and fluid infused was significantly less in group HES and GEL than in group NS. The WBV at low or high shear rates in group HES and GEL, Hct in all 3 groups and RBC aggregation index in group HES were significantly decreased after AHH, but the RBC deformation index was significantly increased in group HES. Conclusion Colloid is better than crystalloid and HES is better than gelofusine in improving intraoperative hypercoagulability and sluggish blood flow.     

下肢深静脉完全胃肠外营养的护理探讨

目的：完全胃肠外营养为不能从胃肠道摄入的各类重病人补充营养物质和治疗。方法：从股静脉或大隐静脉将硅胶送至下腔静脉，利用此管道输注高能营养液。特点：下肢深静脉ＴＰＮ既方便了护理操作，且减轻了患者的恐惧心理。     

偏瘫病人下肢功能康复阻碍因素初探

观察了10项因素对偏瘫病人下肢功能康复的影响,其结果表明:①下肢功能水平;②平衡功能障碍;③足下垂内翻;④髋关节屈曲外旋挛缩;⑤深感觉障碍;⑥疼痛等几项因素对偏瘫病人下肢功能康复有显著的影响。     

热水手浴用于静脉保护50例疗效观察

目的：探讨长期输液病人手部浅静脉的保护。方法：比较对照组热水手浴50例与常规组42例静脉硬化情况。结果：对照组出现静脉硬化例数及程度明显低于常规组，（P＜0．01）。结论：热水手浴在静脉保护方面有一定的作用。     

地塞米松静脉推注诱发心肌缺血一例

临床治疗过程中发生过敏反应 ,常用激素等药物治疗 ,地塞米松静脉滴注或静脉推注是抗过敏的首选药物 ,而应用地塞米松静脉推注后 ,出现胸闷、气促、心电图ＳＴ -Ｔ段明显降低现象实属罕见。 2 0 0 1年 1月 1日 ,我院处理了 1例因静脉推注地塞米松而引起的心肌缺血反应的患者。病例介绍患者 ,女性 ,2 9岁 ,孕妇 2胎 0产次 ,现孕 386/7周 ,因“臀位”于 2 0 0 0年 12月 2 7日在腰麻下行剖宫产 ,娩 1女婴 ,失血 2 5 0ｍｌ,手术经过顺利。术后 ,体温 37.8°Ｃ ,心率 10 0次 /分 ,呼吸 2 0次 /分 ,血压 10 8/ 6 6ｍｍＨｇ。用 5 %葡萄糖盐水 5 0 …     

异丙酚复合芬太尼用于无痛人工流产的临床效果观察

目的　探讨异丙酚复合芬太尼用于人工流产镇痛的临床效果及安全性。方法　在芬太尼作用的基础上 ,静脉快速注射异丙酚 1～ 1.2 5mg/kg后 ,受术者意识消失后开始手术 ,手术中用 1mg/(kg·h)的速度注入异丙酚维持镇痛作用 ,选择同日同孕周同施术者未应用镇痛药物者作为对照组 ,比较两组的手术经过和术后恢复情况 ,观察异丙酚复合芬太尼组的麻醉诱导时间、恢复时间和手术前、手术中及恢复时的生命体征变化和药物不良反应。结果　异丙酚复合芬太尼组的受术者意识消失时间为 43.65± 4.5 6s ,停药后意识恢复时间为 198.45± 2 3.5 6s ,下床行走离开手术室时间为9.76± 1.67min ,术中血压下降 ,呼吸减慢 ,但变化不大 ,无需特殊处理。与对照组比较 ,异丙酚复合芬太尼组的受术者术中无疼痛经历 ,术后明显疼痛发生率明显降低 ,但两组手术时间 ,手术中出血量 ,术后疼痛持续时间 ,阴道流血时间及复经时间 ,复经后月经情况无显著差异。结论　异丙酚复合芬太尼用于人工流产安全有效     

27例经头皮静脉慢速维持输液的体会

目的：探讨维持静脉慢速输液通畅的方法。方法：头皮静脉穿刺成功后，改变传统的固定方法，在针便下方垫一小棉粒成为杠杆支点，在针柄处给一个向下的外力，使针尖斜面紧贴血管壁形成一个单向开启的活辨。结果：维持静脉输液速度最慢能达到每分钟1滴（1ml=20滴）不会出现血流回流至针管，保证输液通畅。结论：通过改进传统的头皮静脉输液固定方法，经头皮静脉慢速输液持继通畅，临床效果好，值得基层医院推广使用。     

静脉血栓栓塞的基础与临床实践(3)--诊断策略与程序

急性静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)为一常见且潜在高度死亡危险的疾病.     

汤坤标治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成经验

汤坤标主任中医师,业医30余载,学验俱丰,临床擅长外科.笔者现将其治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成的经验介绍如下.