Evidence that genetic deletion of the TNF receptor p60 or p80 inhibits Fas mediated apoptosis in macrophages

Almost 19 members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily have been identified that interact with 29 different receptors. Whether these receptors communicate with each other is not understood. Recently, we have shown that receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand signaling is modulated by genetic deletion of the TNF receptor. In the current report, we investigated the possibility of a cross-talk between Fas and TNF-alpha signaling pathway in macrophage cell lines derived from wild-type (WT) mice and from mice with genetic deletion of the type 1 TNF receptor (p60(-/-)), the type 2 TNF receptor (p80(-/-)), or both receptors (p60(-/-)p80(-/-)). We found that the macrophages expressing TNF receptors were highly sensitive to apoptosis induced by anti-Fas. The genetic deletion of TNF receptors, however, made the cells resistance to anti-Fas-induced apoptosis. Anti-Fas induced activation of caspase-3 and PARP cleavage in WT cells but not in TNF receptor-deleted cells. This difference was found to be independent of the expression of Fas, Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) or TNF receptor-associated death domain (TRADD). We found that anti-Fas induced recruitment of TNFR1 into Fas-complex. We also found that TRADD, which mediates TNF signaling, was constitutively bound to Fas receptor in TNF receptor-deleted cells but not in wild-type cells. Transient transfection of TNFR1 in TNFR1-deleted cells sensitized them to anti-Fas-induced apoptosis. Overall our results demonstrate that Fas signaling is modulated by the TNF receptors and thus provide the evidence of cross-talk between the receptors of two cytokines.     

Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric assay for the quantitation in human plasma of the novel indenoisoquinoline topoisomerase I inhibitors,NSC 743400 and NSC 725776

Topoisomerase I (Topo I) is a recognized target for ovarian, lung, and colorectal cancer therapy. The FDA-approved camptothecin (CPT) Topo I inhibitors, topotecan and irinotecan are labile and their effects are rapidly reversible. The indenoisoquinoline topoisomerase I inhibitors, NSC 743400 and NSC 725776, have been developed as a new generation of Topo I inhibitors and are being advanced to clinical evaluation. To support the clinical development of NSC 743400 and NSC 725776, we developed and validated, according to FDA guidelines, LC–MS/MS assays for the sensitive, accurate and precise quantitation of NSC 743400 and NSC 725776 in 0.2 mL human plasma. After ethyl acetate extraction, separation was achieved with a Synergi Polar RP column and a gradient of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile:water. NSC 743400 and NSC 725776 eluted at approximately 3 min, and the total run time was 14 min. Detection consisted of electrospray, positive-mode ionization mass spectrometry. Between 3 and 1000 ng/mL, accuracy was 96.9–108.2% for NSC 743400 and 95.1–106.7% for NSC 725776, and precision was <11.4% for NSC 743400 and <5.9% for NSC 725776. Extraction recovery was >80% for both analytes, and ion suppression ranged from −46.7 to 5.7%. The use of isotopically labeled internal standards and a wash phase at the end of the run were necessary to achieve adequate assay performance. Protein binding in human plasma as assessed by equilibrium dialysis showed both indenoisoquinolines to be more than 98% protein bound.     

Quantification of N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline in hemodialysis patients administered angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors by stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

We developed a sensitive, selective and accurate method based on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine N-terminal thymosin-β peptides of Ac-SDKP and Ac-ADKP in human plasma samples. Quantification of Ac-SDKP and Ac-ADKP was performed using solid phase extraction (SPE) based on C(18), reversed phase LC separation, and stable isotope dilution electrospray ionization-MS/MS in multiple reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode. The Ac-SDKP-(13)C(6), (15)N(2) and Ac-ADKP-d(7) were synthesized for the internal standards. These MRM monitoring ions were m/z 488→129 (quantitative ion)/226 for Ac-SDKP, m/z 496→137 for Ac-SDKP-(13)C(6), (15)N(2), m/z 472→129 (quantitative ion)/226 for Ac-ADKP, and m/z 479→129 for Ac-ADKP-d(7), respectively. Lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of Ac-SDKP and Ac-ADKP was 0.1ng/mL in human plasma. Recovery values were ranged from 94.7% to 106.3% for inter- (RSD: 0.6-3.5%) and intra- (RSD: 0.4-4.9%) day assays. Plasma Ac-SDKP levels were significantly higher in hemodialyzed subjects treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors of enalapril (27.3±24.6ng/mL, n=10) and trandolapril (12.3±16.9ng/mL, n=18) than healthy (0.4±0.2ng/mL, n=7) and hemodialyzed subjects (0.6±0.2ng/mL, n=34). This analytical method would be useful to measure N-terminal thymosin-β peptides in human plasma for the clinical study.     

LC-MS法同时测定雷公藤浸膏中雷公藤新碱和雷公藤碱戊含量

目的建立一种灵敏、准确的雷公藤浸膏中雷公藤新碱和雷公藤碱戊含量的LC-MS法。方法雷公藤浸膏样品经氯仿溶解后用稀盐酸（2．0mol·L“）溶液提取,上清液移人Oasis。MCX固相萃取小柱进行净化,然后样品在ZorbaxPlusRRHDC18柱（50innl×2．1mm,1．8μm）上,以醋酸铵缓冲液[0．05％醋酸一酸酸铵溶液（5mmol·L-1）]-乙腈（30：70）为流动相进行分离,应用LC—MS法,在大气压化学电离正离子选择离子监测模式（SIM）下测定,雷公藤新碱和雷公藤碱戊的定量离子分别为m／z806和m／z779。结果雷公藤新碱和雷公藤碱戊的绝对回收率为87．0％-97．5％,在含量1．0—200．0μg·kg-1内均具有良好线性,日内RSD均〈9．8％,日间RSD均〈14．7％,定量检出限均为1．0μg·kg-1。结论本方法简便、灵敏、干扰少、特异性好,可用于雷公藤浸膏中雷公藤新碱和雷公藤碱戊含量的监测。     

复方氯霉素凝胶的研制及质量控制

目的：制备复方氯霉素凝胶剂。方法：以氯霉素、己烯雌酚、硫酸锌为主药，卡泊姆为凝胶基质，制备复方氯霉素凝胶。用导数光谱法控制主药氯霉素的含量。结果：氯霉素的平均回收率为100．74％，RSD为0．29％。结论：该凝胶剂制备工艺简单，凝胶性质稳定，质量可控，可满足临床需求。     

大鼠血浆中冬青素A的LC-MS测定法及其药动学研究(英文)

冬青素A系中药毛冬青的主要成分之一, 本文建立了液相色谱质谱法(LC-MS)研究冬青素A在大鼠体内的药动学特征。色谱分离采用C18柱, 甲醇-5 mM 醋酸铵(80:20, v/v) 为流动相质谱检测采用ESI源, 负离子检测, 冬青素A的检测离子为m/z 501.1→501.1,地高辛(内标) 的检测离子为m/z779.4→779.4。大鼠血浆加入磷酸溶液以乙酸乙酯提取, 分取有机层以氮气流吹干, 流动相复溶后进行LC-MS分析。方法学评价表明该法定量限为1.05 ng/mL, 在1.05-525.5 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好。日内和日间变异均小于10%, 提取回收率大于80%。采用建立的LC-MS法进行了大鼠单剂量口服冬青素A后, 其在大鼠体内的药动学研究, 获得了主要的药动学参数。     

Dried Wild-Grown Mushrooms Can Be Considered a Source of Selected Minerals

Dried mushrooms might be a source of mineral components, which are indispensable for human health. The aim of this study was to determine the contents of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se) in dried wild-grown mushrooms (Boletus edulis and Xerocomus badius) available for sale, and to evaluate these mushrooms’ contribution to the daily reference intake of the studied bioelements. The concentrations of mineral components in the mushroom samples were determined by the flame method (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) and the electrothermal (Se) atomic absorption spectrometry method. The mean Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn (in mg/kg), and Se concentrations (in µg/kg) in B. edulis were 82.1, 964.1, 233.4, 97.9, 25.3, 22.1, and 6501.6, respectively, whereas in X. badius: 67.5, 1060.2, 87.8, 197.2, 33.9, 19.8, and 282.4, respectively. We have shown that dried B. edulis can be considered a source of Se. In the case of the other microelements, the tested mushrooms may serve only as additional supplements. Therefore, the studied species of mushrooms cannot be regarded as potential nutritional sources of the macroelements in question. Consumers should be properly informed about this, which should be guaranteed by appropriate legal regulations.     

健康人肝组织麦胚凝集素亲和型糖蛋白表达谱分析

目的分析健康人肝组织麦胚凝集素(wheatgermagglutinin,WGA)亲和型糖蛋白表达谱。方法从30例健康人肝组织混合样本的总蛋白中用WGA凝集素亲和层析分离纯化糖蛋白,再利用双向电泳结合SYPRO Ruby荧光染色进一步分离WGA亲和型糖蛋白。目的蛋白质点经质谱鉴定后对其进行生物信息学分析及功能分类。结果初步建立WGA亲和型糖蛋白的双向电泳图谱,图谱均点数为(650±50)个,质谱鉴定并去冗余共获116个蛋白。经生物信息学分析104个蛋白具有不同程度的N糖基化位点,最后按Gene Ontology的分类原则进行功能分类。结论凝集素亲和层析结合双向电泳荧光染色、质谱鉴定是一种高通量的检测方法,WGA亲和型糖蛋白表达谱的初步构建为后续研究奠定了基础。     

Incorporation of second‐tier tests and secondary biomarkers to improve positive predictive value (PPV) rate in newborn metabolic screening program

BackgroundNowadays, neonatal screening has become an essential part of routine newborn care in the world. This is a non‐invasive evaluation that evaluated inborn errors of metabolisms (IEMs) using tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) for the evaluation of the baby''s risk of certain metabolic disorders.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted on 39987 Iranian newborns who were referred to Nilou Medical Laboratory, Tehran, Iran, for newborn screening programs of IEMs. We incorporated second‐tier tests and secondary biomarkers to improve positive predictive value (PPV).ResultsStatistical data were recorded via call interviewing in 6–8 months after their screening tests. The overall prevalence of IEM was 1:975. The mean age of all participants was 3.9 ± 1.1 days; 5.1% of participants were over 13 days and 7.7% were preterm or underweight. A total of 11384 (29.4%) of the cases were born in a consanguineous family. The type of delivery was the cesarean section in 8332 (51.3%) valid cases. The neonatal screening results had an overall negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% and the overall PPV of 40.2%. The false‐positive rate was 0.15%.ConclusionThis study showed a high incidence of metabolic disease due to a high rate of consanguineous marriages in Iran and indicated that incorporation of second‐tier tests and secondary biomarkers improves PPV of neonatal screening programs.     

阿片类拮抗药纳美芬注射剂的单剂量和多剂量Ⅰ期临床药代动力学研究

目的 考察静脉推注盐酸纳美芬注射液后在健康人体内的药动学过程.方法 12名健康受试者随机交叉单剂量静脉推注给药2 mg后,分别于给药前和给药后5 min,0.25,0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3,4,6,8,12,24,36和48 h采集血样,单剂量试验结束后进人多剂量试验.8名受试者静脉推注给药2mg,连续给药6d,并于给药后的第4,5,6天早上给药前采静脉血,于第6天给药后按设定时间点采集血样,用高效液相色谱-质谱法测定血浆中纳美芬的浓度,并采用PKS药动学程序对试验数据进行处理,求算有关药动学参数.结果 单剂量静脉推注盐酸纳美芬注射液2 mg后,其药-时曲线经拟合符合二室模型,12名健康受试者单剂量给药后其主要药动学参数Cmax,Tmax,T1/2,AUC0-48,AUC0-∞分别为(7.34±1.56)μg·L-1,0.08 h,(12.01±2.20)h,(30.29±9.84)μg·L-1·h,(32.23±9.94)μg·L-1·h,多次静脉推注2 mg后的主要药动学参数Cmax,Tmax,T1/2,AUC0-48,AUC0-∞分别(8.04±1.09)μg·L-1、0.08 h、(12.43±1.44)h、(33.64±9.15)μg·L-1·h和(35.98±9.23)μg·L-1·h,血药浓度波动系数、AUCss和Cav分别为(4.69±1.29)、(19.64±6.20)μg·L-1·h和(1.64±0.52)μg·L-1.结论 盐酸纳美芬注射液单剂量静脉推注2 mg和多次给药2 mg后人体内的药动学行为与国外文献报道基本一致.在连续多次给药时,并未出现蓄积现象,血药浓度第6天达稳态.