L-Glutamine Supplementation Enhances Strength and Power of Knee Muscles and Improves Glycemia Control and Plasma Redox Balance in Exercising Elderly Women

We investigated the effects of oral L-glutamine (Gln) supplementation, associated or not with physical exercises, in control of glycemia, oxidative stress, and strength/power of knee muscles in elderly women. Physically active (n = 21) and sedentary (n = 23) elderly women aged 60 to 80 years were enrolled in the study. Plasma levels of D-fructosamine, insulin, reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, iron, uric acid, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) (lipoperoxidation product), as well as knee extensor/flexor muscle torque peak and average power (isokinetic test), were assessed pre- and post-supplementation with Gln or placebo (30 days). Higher plasma D-fructosamine, insulin, and iron levels, and lower strength/power of knee muscles were found pre-supplementation in the NPE group than in the PE group. Post-supplementation, Gln subgroups showed higher levels of GSH, GSSG, and torque peak, besides lower D-fructosamine than pre-supplementation values. Higher muscle average power and plasma uric acid levels were reported in the PE + Gln group, whereas lower insulin levels were found in the NPE + Gln than pre-supplementation values. TBARs levels were diminished post-supplementation in all groups. Gln supplementation, mainly when associated with physical exercises, improves strength and power of knee muscles and glycemia control, besides boosting plasma antioxidant capacity of elderly women.     

旋后肩法处置肩难产对产妇分娩后盆底肌功能改善的临床研究

目的探讨旋后肩法用于肩难产产妇,对其产后盆底肌功能的改善作用。 方法选择2018年7月至2020年1月,在宁波市妇女儿童医院采用旋后肩法完成肩难产助产的28例产妇为研究对象,并纳入研究组。选取同期在本院分娩,采用耻骨联合上加压法完成肩难产助产的25例产妇纳入对照组。采用表面肌电图(sEMG),获取2组产妇分娩8周后盆底肌收缩运动肌电值。采用成组t检验,对2组产妇一般临床资料、盆底sEMG检测结果进行统计学分析。采用χ²检验,对2组产妇分娩巨大儿所占比例等进行统计学分析。本研究遵循的程序符合病例收集医院伦理委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准[审批文号：[2018]伦审字(28)号]。与所有受试者签署临床研究知情同意书。 结果①2组产妇身高、体重,分娩时人体质量指数(BMI)、孕龄、年龄等一般临床资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②2组产妇分娩新生儿的出生体重和巨大儿所占比例分别比较,差异亦均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③研究组产妇前基线值、快肌收缩最大值、混合肌收缩最大值、混合肌收缩平均值、耐力肌收缩平均值、后基线值分别为(1.4±0.3) μV、(23.8±5.5) μV、(19.9±3.4) μV、(17.2±2.9) μV、(13.7±3.0) μV、(1.3±0.3) μV,均超过对照组的(1.3± 0.3) μV、(20.6±4.4) μV、(17.7±3.3) μV、(14.2±4.1) μV、(11.8±3.4) μV、(1.1±0.3) μV,并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而2组产妇耐力肌收缩最大值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论旋后肩法用于肩难产产妇助产,较传统耻骨联合上加压法,可改善产妇产后短期内的盆底肌功能。     

基于小鼠子宫平滑肌收缩活性测定的桂枝茯苓胶囊质量评价研究

目的 从桂枝茯苓胶囊（Guizhi Fuling Capsules,GZFLC）临床用于治疗痛经的功效出发,探索建立基于子宫平滑肌收缩活性测定的GZFLC质量生物活性评价方法。方法 通过注射雌激素增加小鼠子宫敏感性,建立缩宫素诱导的小鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩模型,采集给药前后小鼠子宫平滑肌的收缩频率、幅值和峰面积,以收缩峰面积为指标进行统计并对药效进行归一化处理。考察小鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩模型的主要影响因素如雌激素注射方式与天数、缩宫素浓度、动物周龄和GZFLC前处理方法。建立GZFLC质量生物活性评价方法并进行方法学考察,测定10个批次GZFLC合格样品及2个GZFLC高温破坏样品的生物活性。结果 连续3 d ip雌激素10 mg/（kg·d）后小鼠子宫平滑肌收缩峰面积较高且收缩节律较好;最适缩宫素造模质量浓度为0.050 μg/mL;将GZFLC配制成质量浓度为0.125 g/mL的药液并超声溶解60 min有利于药效发挥;重复性考察RSD为11.298%,日内精密度RSD为12.452%,日间精密度RSD为10.438%;10批次GZFLC半数抑制浓度（half inhibitory concentration,IC₅₀）为1.526～1.631 mg/mL,高温破坏后GZFLC的IC₅₀明显增大。结论 基于子宫平滑肌收缩活性测定的GZFLC质量评价方法重复性和精密度较好,为后续GZFLC的综合质量评价标准建立提供了科学依据。     

Safety of injectable autologous human fibroblasts

Autologous dermal fibroblasts after propagation in cell culture were used for face soft tissue augmentation. Twenty patients aged 37–61 years with facial rhytides and atrophic scars were treated with autologous fibroblasts from cell culture. Significant sustained clinical improvement was observed. Cells of early passages (4, 5, 6) were used for injection. The study showed that cultured fibroblasts were functionally active and produced large quantities of type I collagen.In vitro studies of scar formation potency of injectable fibroblasts showed that these cells possessed normal collagen gel contraction capacity.In vivo experiments showed that cultured fibroblasts exhibited no oncogenic properties and induced no tumors in nude mice. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 8, pp. 203–206, August, 2000     

Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine on pre- and post-junctional 5-HT1-like receptor-mediated responses in dog saphenous vein

Summary To investigate whether 5-HT₁-like receptor-mediated inhibition of adenosine 3 : 5-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) accumulation occurs in nerves or smooth muscle of saphenous vein, infusions of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) were administered to dogs with the aim of inducing sympathetic nerve damage. The effects of 6-OHDA on other 5-HT₁-like receptor-mediated responses at the pre- and post-junctional level were investigated for comparison by studying 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced inhibition of ³H-noradrenaline release and contraction of smooth muscle respectively.Disruption of nerve function by 6-OHDA was revealed by the lack of catecholaminergic fluorescence and neurogenic contractile responses in saphenous veins from dogs treated with 6-OHDA. In addition, severe impairment of neuronal uptake mechanisms were apparent since basal efflux of ³H-noradrenaline, electrically-evoked release of ³H-noradrenaline and remaining ³H-noradrenaline content were considerably reduced. Some ³H-noradrenaline was taken up and released in 6-OHDA treated tissues which is consistent with the existence of nerve varicosities resistant to the present dosing regime of 6-OHDA, an observation substantiated by electron microscopy studies showing inconsistent lesions of nerve terminals.6-OHDA pre-treatment potentiated the smooth muscle contractile responses mediated by 5-HT₁-like receptors as well as potentiating 5-HT-evoked inhibition of prostaglandin E₂-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation. It did not, however, affect 5-HT-induced inhibition of ³H-noradrenaline release. The present results suggest that inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation by 5-HT occurs predominantly in smooth muscle. Correspondence to A. J. Kaumann at the above address     

Muscarine receptor types mediating autoinhibition of acetylcholine release and sphincter contraction in the guinea-pig iris

Summary The potencies of several muscarine receptor antagonists in blocking either the autoinhibition of acetylcholine release or the muscarinic contraction of the sphincter muscle upon acetylcholine release were investigated in the guinea-pig iris. The agonist at pre- or postjunctional muscarine receptors was acetylcholine released upon field stimulation (5.5 Hz, 2 min) of the irides preloaded with ¹⁴C-choline. The stimulation-evoked ¹⁴C-overflow was doubled in the presence of atropine 0.1 mol/l but unaffected by the agonist (±)-methacholine (50 mol/l). Thus, under the present stimulation conditions, the autoinhibition of acetylcholine release on the guinea-pig iris cholinergic nerves was nearly maximally activated. Isotonic contractions of the irides upon field stimulation consisted of a rapid, atropine (0.1 mol/l). peak phase followed by a sustained contraction which involved a cholinergic and a non-cholinergic stimulation of the sphincter muscle. The M₂-selective antagonists methoctramine (10 mol/l) and gallamine (100 µmol/l). increased both the ¹⁴Goverflow and the peak contractions evoked by field stimulation. In contrast, the M₃-selective antagonist hexahydrosiladifenidol (0.1–10 mol/l) failed to affect the evoked ¹⁴C-release but concentration-dependently (1–10 mol/l) reduced the iris contractions. Pirenzepine (10 mol/l) enhanced the evoked ¹⁴C-overflow and inhibited the peak contractions (0.1–10 mol/l; maximal effect at 10 mol/l). The low potency of the antagonist at both receptor sites indicates that an M₁ muscarine receptor is not involved. The results are consistent with the idea of M₂ muscarine receptors mediating autoinhibition of acetylcholine release in the guinea-pig iris and M₃-like receptors inducing the contraction of the sphincter muscle. Send offprint requests to I. T. Bognar at the above address     

四乙基胺抑制蟾酥的强心效应

[目的]观察蟾酥对离体蟾蜍心脏收缩运动的影响和各种受体阻断剂、钾通道阻断剂对这种效应的影响。[方法]将离体蟾蜍心脏收缩运动用张力换能器转换成电信号,通过Doctor-95 Super Lab软件系统在电脑上连续记录心率和收缩力的变化,并打印成曲线。[结果]取自蟾蜍同体耳后腺的蟾酥对离体蟾蜍心脏收缩运动有增强作用。M受体阻断剂阿托品（0.5g/L)和β受体阻断剂心得安（0.01g/L)不能阻断蟾酥对离体蟾蜍心脏收缩运动的增强作用,而α受体阻断剂酚妥拉明（0.5g/L)、非选择性钾通道阻断剂四乙基胺（10mmol/L)则明显抑制蟾酥对离体蟾蜍心脏收缩运动的增强作用。[结论]蟾酥是通过α受体作用于钾通道而增强离体蟾蜍心脏收缩运动。     

Effects of benactyzine on action potentials and contractile force of guinea pig papillary muscles

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＢｅｎａｃｔｙｚｉｎｅｉｓａｓｙｎｔｈｅｔｉｃｂｌｏｃｋｅｒｏｆＭ ｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒｐｏｓ ｓｅｓｓｉｎｇｓｍｏｏｔｈｍｕｓｃｌｅｒｅｌａｘａｎｔｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓａｎｄｑｕｉｎｉｄｉｎｅ ｌｉｋｅａｃｔｉｏｎｏｎｈｅａｒｔ[1] .Ｂｅｎａｃｔｙｚｉｎｅｉｓｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｉｎｒｅｓｔｏｒ ｉｎｇｃｉｒｃｕｌａｔｏｒｙｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｄｉｓｔｕｒｂｅｄｂｙｏｒｇａｎｏｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｅｐｏｉ ｓｏｎｉｎｇ[2 ,3] .Ｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｅｄｔｈａｔｂｅｎａ…     

牛蒡苷元钙拮抗作用的研究（英文）

对牛蒡苷元（ＡＣＴ）的钙拮作用进行探讨,为确认ＡＣＴ是牛蒡子解表功能的有效成分提供实验依据,描记给ＡＣＴ前后,各标本对ＫＣ１或ＣａＣ１２诱发收缩的量效曲线,按Ｓｃｏｔｔ法计算ＰＤ’２;测定给ＡＣＴ后,标本对乙酰胆硷（Ａｃｈ）诱发的两相收缩的抑制百分率。ＡＣＴ对离体大鼠气管、结肠、肮动脉、胸主动脉平滑肌由ＫＣ１引起的收缩产生非竞争性拮抗作用,其ＰＤ’２分别为４．０１,５．９８,６．０５;ＡＣＴ和维拉     

蒙药广枣总黄酮对大鼠离体心脏功能的影响

目的：探讨广枣总黄酮(TFC)对心功能的影响。方法：采用Langendorff灌流法．用多导生理记录仪测定大鼠离体心脏的心率、心肌收缩力及心电图的变化。结果：TFC使正常灌流的大鼠离体心脏心电图的P—R问期延长．心率减慢．心肌收缩力增强;对缺氧灌流所导致的心率减慢和心脏收缩力减弱均呈明显的对抗作用。结论：TFC可改善心功能。