外伤性肝破裂的救治

目的 分析创伤性肝破裂外科多种干预治疗的效果。方法 总结分析1982-2002年我院收治创伤性肝破裂76例的救治方法和病死率。其中Ⅲ级以上的严重肝破裂46例(60．53％)。手术治疗56例，手术方式包括单纯修补、清创性肝切除、规则性肝切除、肝周填塞止血；非手术治疗20例。结果 手术组：治愈44例，术后并发症17例均经保守治疗治愈，死亡12例，其中术中死亡2例；非手术组：治愈12例，好转6例，2例失访。全组治愈64例，死亡12例，病死率15．8％。结论 Ⅰ-Ⅱ级单纯性外伤性肝破裂可保守治疗；手术是治疗创伤性肝破裂的主要措施，正确的手术方式，积极处理合并伤，重视综合治疗可提高救治成功率。     

Glycine transporter I inhibitor, N-methylglycine (sarcosine), added to antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Hypofunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor had been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Treatment with D-serine or glycine, endogenous full agonists of the glycine site of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, or D-cycloserine, a partial agonist, improve the symptoms of schizophrenia. N-methylglycine (sarcosine) is an endogenous antagonist of glycine transporter-1, which potentiates glycine's action on N-methyl-D-aspartate glycine site and can have beneficial effects on schizophrenia. METHODS: Thirty-eight schizophrenic patients were enrolled in a 6-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sarcosine (2 g/d), which was added to their stable antipsychotic regimens. Twenty of them received risperidone. Measures of clinical efficacy and side effects were determined every other week. RESULTS: Patient who received sarcosine treatment revealed significant improvements in their positive, negative, cognitive, and general psychiatric symptoms. Similar therapeutic effects were observed when only risperidone-treated patients were analyzed. Sarcosine was well-tolerated, and no significant side effect was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Sarcosine treatment can benefit schizophrenic patients treated by antipsychotics including risperidone. The significant improvement with the sarcosine further supports the hypothesis of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction in schizophrenia. Glycine transporter-1 is a novel target for the pharmacotherapy to enhance N-methyl-D-aspartate function.     

纳米技术在肿瘤诊断与治疗中的现状与展望

目的介绍21世纪前沿科技--纳米技术在肿瘤诊断与治疗中的现状与展望.方法通过检索国内外文献,从肿瘤的诊断与治疗两方面分别论述.结果纳米技术在肿瘤诊断与治疗中有其巨大优势.结论尚处初级阶段,广泛应用于临床还需多方努力.     

复方金荞麦颗粒治疗肺癌1000例临床疗效观察

目的 总结复方金荞麦颗粒治疗肺癌的疗效。方法 对1000例各种类型的肺癌患者采用复方金荞麦颗粒5g，3次·d^-1 口服，同时辅以中药汤剂治疗，3mo为1疗程，病情稳定后逐渐减量维持。结果本组1000例患者经3mo～15a以上治疗，基本治愈181例（18．1％），显效518例（51．8％），有效204例（20．4％），无效97例（9．7％），总有效率为90．3％。结论 复方金荞麦颗粒为抗肿瘤的纯中药制剂，具有明显抑制肿瘤细胞生长、增强免疫功能、提高患者生存质量等功效，尤其是对失去手术治疗机会、不能接受化疗和放疗的肺癌患者具有较好疗效。     

Social and psychological factors associated with adolescents'' self-acceptance of occlusal condition

Studies using plaster models of teeth and photographs simulating the full range of occlusal conditions have found high agreement between measures of adolescent social acceptability of these conditions and perceived need for orthodontic treatment. This study examined the association between adolescents' acceptability of their own occlusal condition, severity of malocclusion, and likelihood of undergoing orthodontic treatment. The factors predicting the acceptability of occlusal condition of 13-yr-olds, as assessed by the SASOC scale, were measurements of acceptability of general physical appearance, and the severity of occlusal condition. Variability in SASOC scores appeared to be independent of gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity. Gender, and severity of occlusal condition were important differences between subjects who had received, planned, or were undergoing orthodontic treatment, and those who had not. Neither SASOC scores nor perceived need for treatment accounted for a significant proportion of the variance between these groups. Although adolescents seeking orthodontic treatment had a greater severity of malocclusion than those not, little difference was observed between these groups in acceptance of occlusal condition.     

大脑中动脉动脉瘤的血管内治疗

目的探讨血管内治疗大脑中动脉动脉瘤的可行性、安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析采用血管内治疗的24例大脑中动脉动脉瘤患者的临床资料,包括患者年龄、临床分级、动脉瘤出血量、部位、形态、瘤颈宽度、血管痉挛程度及术中应用技术等。结果100%栓塞17例,95%栓塞4例,90%栓塞3例。1例患者术中血管痉挛加重致不完全失语。随访无动脉瘤再破裂出血病例,1例患者出现迟发性血管痉挛。结论血管内治疗大脑中动脉动脉瘤是一种安全、有效的方法。     

Smoothing the mosaic subclinical melanoderma by calcipotriol

BACKGROUND: The observation of photo-exposed skin under ultraviolet light reveals a mosaic pattern of varying intensity in epidermal melanization. Several patterns of mosaic subclinical melanoderma (MSM) have been described using a specially designed CCD camera and the ultraviolet light-enhanced visualization (ULEV) method. Vitamin D(3) and its analogues influence the biology of keratinocytes and melanocytes. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of calcipotriol on MSM. METHODS: This randomized split-face study was conducted in 27 men to compare the effect of once daily applications of 5% calcipotriol cream or a moisturizing cream on the heterogeneity of facial MSM. Computerized image analysis of video images was used at 1-month intervals before and during a 2-month treatment, as well as during a 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: At both sites, the average melanin content of the epidermis showed no significant change over time. However, the mottled appearance was smoothened at the calcipotriol site, whereas it was increased at the site receiving the moisturizer. CONCLUSION: The decreased heterogeneity in MSM after calcipotriol applications suggests a control of the epidermal melanocyte unit by the vitamin D(3) derivative.     

CURRENT STATUS OF DOUBLE BALLOON ENDOSCOPY

Yamamoto and colleagues have developed a novel insertion method of the endoscope, the ‘double balloon method’ for enteroscopy and, recently, a specialized system for the ‘double balloon method’ has been commercialized by Fujinon. The double balloon endoscopy enables visualization of the entire small bowel and also allows for interventional therapy in the small intestine. This method could be used either from the oral or anal approach. Observation of an affected area with controlled movement of the endoscope enables interventions, including biopsies, hemostasis, balloon dilatation, stent placement, polypectomy, and endoscopic mucosal resection. The procedure is safe and useful, and it provides high diagnostic yields and therapeutic capabilities.     

用Alabama分析法比较安氏Ⅰ类错中国人与美国白人颅颌面结构差异

目的:研究中国安氏Ⅰ类错成人与美国安氏Ⅰ类错白人牙颌颅面形态结构的差异。方法:从西安市11所大学2098名新生中选取符合标准的101名(男53名、女48名)安氏Ⅰ类错样本。拍摄头颅定位X线片,用第四军医大学口腔医学院头影测量软件测量,用Alabama分析法与美国安氏Ⅰ类错白人颅颌面测量结果进行比较分析。结果:中国西安地区安氏Ⅰ类错成人上下颌突度大,面型较突;平面倾斜度、上下中切牙倾斜度及下中切牙至NB线距均较大;Y轴相对SN平面夹角增大,生长方向为后下。结论:与美国安氏Ⅰ类错白人比较,中国西安地区安氏Ⅰ类错成人颅面结构呈现颌骨突度大、下切牙唇倾及下颌趋向后下等特征。     

Prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors in candidates for orthodontic treatment

Abstract  – The dental records made on presentation of 1367 consecutive patients (731 females and 636 males) for orthodontic treatment at a private orthodontic practice between 1998 and 2002 were examined for data relating to trauma to the permanent incisors. The results showed that 10.3% of these patients had suffered from dental trauma before the onset of orthodontic treatment. The highest prevalence of dental trauma was determined in the 11–15 years age group, corresponding to the dental developmental stage of the late mixed dentition. The most frequently affected teeth were the maxillary central incisors (79.6%), and the most common types of trauma were fracture of enamel–dentin without pulpal involvement (42.7%) and fracture of enamel (33.8%). Compared to patients with normal overjet and adequate lip coverage, the frequency of dental trauma was significantly higher in patients with increased overjet and adequate lip coverage ( P  = 0.028) or with increased overjet and inadequate lip coverage ( P  = 0.003). The results of the present study indicate that a significant percentage of candidates for orthodontic treatment, and especially those with increased overjet and inadequate lip coverage, suffer trauma to their permanent incisors before the onset of orthodontic treatment. It might also be concluded that preventive orthodontic treatment of such patients should be initiated and completed before the age of 11, i.e. in the early to middle mixed dentition.