Long-Term Implications of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation

Background

Scientific guidelines consider atrial fibrillation (AF) complicating degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) a debated indication for surgery.

耳石复位与药物联合仰卧位摇头法治疗主观性良性阵发性位置性眩晕临床研究

目的:观察耳石复位与药物联合仰卧位摇头法治疗主观性良性阵发性位置性眩晕(S-BPPV)的效果。方法:选取2012年1月至2016年1月期间符合纳入标准的S-BPPV患者186例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为观察组与对照组各93例,对照组采用耳石复位联合药物治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用仰卧位摇头法治疗。比较两组患者临床疗效、首次治疗成功率、中转手术治疗率、复发率与不良反应发生率的差异。结果:与对照组比较,观察组治疗总有效率、首次治疗成功率明显增高,中转手术治疗率与复发率明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组中共18例患者经外科手术治疗后症状彻底消失;随访3个月期间,观察组平均复发次数与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者头晕、恶心呕吐、心律失常、走路不稳与情感障碍等不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:耳石复位与药物联合仰卧位摇头法治疗S-BPPV效果显著,可降低复发率,且未增加不良反应的发生风险。     

ICU临床实习阶段Sandwich教学法的应用分析

目的研究并分析Sandwich教学法应用于ICU临床实习阶段的临床价值及效果。方法选取时间段为2017年5月—2018年5月70例在本院ICU临床实习生作为研究对象,以数字表法随机分为常规组(35例)与研究组(35例),常规组采用常规带教实习教学方法,研究组实施Sandwich教学法,对两组实习生的教学效果展开对比。结果研究组的考试成绩、课堂活跃度、学生参与教学的主动性、学习积极性等均优于常规组,差异有统计意义(P<0.05)。结论ICU临床实习阶段采用Sandwich教学法,可以有效提升ICU实习生教学效果,提升实习生知识掌握水平和学习能力,应用价值显著。     

CBL联合PBL教学法在泌尿系结石实习教学中的应用

目的泌尿系结石是泌尿外科实习教学中的重点及难点,传统的教学方法效果不佳,本研究观察以病例为基础教学法(CBL)联合以问题为基础教学法(PBL)在泌尿系结石实习教学中的应用效果。方法选取2018年9月-2019年7月在我院泌尿外科实习的临床专业实习生78名,随机分为对照组(n=39)与CBL+PBL组(n=39)。对照组实施常规教学,CBL+PBL组采用CBL联合PBL的教学模式。学习完成后两组均进行出科考试和自制问卷调查,评价授课效果。结果 CBL+PBL组在出科考试成绩及问卷调查的评分上较对照组更优,且有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论在泌尿系结石的教学过程中,采用CBL联合PBL的方式可以取得较好的课堂效果。     

原发性肺动脉肿瘤三例报告及文献复习

目的 总结原发性肺动脉肿瘤的临床特点.方法 分析3例原发肺动脉肿瘤患者的临床资料,并复习相关文献.结果 3例中,男1例,女2例,年龄分别为45、40、39岁,均行肿瘤切除和肺动脉重建术.无手术死亡者,术后心功能均改善至NYHAII级,2例术后4个月死亡,1例术后6个月局部复发接受伽玛刀治疗,随访14个月仍存活.结论 CT和MRI等影像学诊断可提高原发性肺动脉肿瘤的早期诊断率,外科手术治疗能够改善临床症状和延长患者生命.     

Evaluation of Transdermal Drug Permeation as Modulated by Lipoderm and Pluronic Lecithin Organogel

The transdermal delivery of 2 fluorescent probes with similar molecular weight but different lipophilicity, into and through the skin from 2 commercially available transdermal bases, pluronic lecithin organogel, and Lipoderm^® has been evaluated. First, in vitro penetration of fluorescein sodium and fluorescein (free acid) through porcine skin was evaluated. Retention and depth distribution profiles in skin were obtained by tape stripping and then followed by optical sectioning using multiphoton microscopy. The results showed that Lipoderm^® led to an enhanced penetration of the hydrophilic compound, fluorescein sodium. For the lipophilic compound fluorescein (free acid), Lipoderm^® performed similar to pluronic lecithin organogel base, where minimal drug was detected in either receptor phase. The skin retention and depth distribution results also showed that the hydrophilic fluorescein sodium had high skin retention with Lipoderm^®, whereas fluorescein (free acid) had very low penetration and retention with increasing skin depth. Moreover, optical sectioning by multiphoton microscopy revealed an uneven distribution of probes across the skin in the x-y plane for both transdermal bases. This work showed that a hydrophilic compound has significantly increased skin penetration and retention when formulated with Lipoderm^®, and the skin retention of the probe was the main determinant of its skin flux.     

Long-Acting Profile of 4 Drugs in 1 Anti-HIV Nanosuspension in Nonhuman Primates for 5 Weeks After a Single Subcutaneous Injection

Daily oral antiretroviral therapy regimens produce limited drug exposure in tissues where residual HIV persists and suffer from poor patient adherence and disparate drug kinetics, which all negatively impact outcomes. To address this, we developed a tissue- and cell-targeted long-acting 4-in-1 nanosuspension composed of lopinavir (LPV), ritonavir, tenofovir (TFV), and lamivudine (3TC). In 4 macaques dosed subcutaneously, drug levels over 5 weeks in plasma, lymph node mononuclear cells (LNMCs), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma and PBMC levels of the active drugs (LPV, TFV, and 3TC) were sustained for 5 weeks; PBMC exposures to LPV, ritonavir, and 3TC were 12-, 16-, 42-fold higher than those in plasma. Apparent T_1/2z of LPV, TFV, and 3TC were 219.1, 63.1, and 136.3 h in plasma; 1045.7, 105.9, and 127.7 h in PBMCs. At day 8, LPV, TFV, and 3TC levels in LNMCs were 4.1-, 5.0-, and 1.9-fold higher than in those in PBMCs and much higher than in plasma. Therefore, 1 dose of a 4-drug nanosuspension exhibited persistent drug levels in LNMCs, PBMCs, and plasma for 5 weeks. With interspecies scaling and dose adjustment, this 4-in-1 HIV drug-combination could be a long-acting treatment with the potential to target residual virus in tissues and improve patient adherence.     

Dibucaine in Ionic-Gradient Liposomes: Biophysical,Toxicological, and Activity Characterization

Administration of local anesthetics is one of the most effective pain control techniques for postoperative analgesia. However, anesthetic agents easily diffuse into the injection site, limiting the time of anesthesia. One approach to prolong analgesia is to entrap local anesthetic agents in nanostructured carriers (e.g., liposomes). Here, we report that using an ammonium sulphate gradient was the best strategy to improve the encapsulation (62.6%) of dibucaine (DBC) into liposomes. Light scattering and nanotracking analyses were used to characterize vesicle properties, such as, size, polydispersity, zeta potentials, and number. In vitro kinetic experiments revealed the sustained release of DBC (50% in 7 h) from the liposomes. In addition, in vitro (3T3 cells in culture) and in vivo (zebrafish) toxicity assays revealed that ionic-gradient liposomes were able to reduce DBC cyto/cardiotoxicity and morphological changes in zebrafish larvae. Moreover, the anesthesia time attained after infiltrative administration in mice was longer with encapsulated DBC (27 h) than that with free DBC (11 h), at 320 μM (0.012%), confirming it as a promising long-acting liposome formulation for parenteral drug administration of DBC.     

基于污水流行病学的广州和珠海4种心血管药物消费量的估算研究

目的了解广州和珠海城市污水处理厂进水中的4种心血管药物浓度,并对其消费量进行估算。方法分别于2017年5月9至22日(春季)和9月27日至10月12日(秋季)采集广州1座污水厂进水水样,2017年1月23日至2月5日(冬季)采集珠海1座污水厂进水水样,采用固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法检测美托洛尔(MET)、阿替洛尔(ATE)、吉非罗齐(GFB)、苯扎贝特(BZB)的浓度,应用污水流行病学方法估算4种心血管药物在广州和珠海的消费量。结果 4种心血管药物均有检出,浓度范围在未检出~889.73 ng/L之间,检出率在14.29%~100%之间。在4种心血管药物中,以MET和BZB浓度较高,其最高浓度分别达733.71和889.73 ng/L。与珠海市比较,广州市污水厂进水中MET、BZB、GFB的浓度较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);而ATE的浓度无明显差异。不论在广州市还是珠海市,MET的消费量均远高于BZB、GFB、ATE,4种药物在两城市的消费模式均为MET>BZB>GFB>ATE。与珠海市比较,广州市MET、BZB、GFB消费量较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);而ATE的消费量无明显差异。不论是春季还是秋季,MET均为消费量最高的药物,ATE均为消费量最低的药物。与春季比较,秋季ATE的消费量较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);而MET、BZB、GFB无明显改变。结论不同地区的心血管药物消费存在较大差异,广州市的MET、BZB、GFB、ATE消费量高于珠海。