眉区不同部位切口的选择与应用

目的 为眉周美容手术提供一个理想的切口选择.方法 根据患者的脸型、眉区情况、患者的治疗目的,要解决那些问题进行评估制定方案,选择不同切口:A、全眉切口;B、部分眉切口;C、眉上切口;D、眉下切口;E、眉内切口.结果 本组158例,均为Ⅰ期愈合,3个月至半年均可稳定,晚期眉切口痕迹难以察觉,效果满意.结论 通过眉切口可以进行多种面部美容手术,也能进行多种美容项目的联合手术,我们认为,它已成为面部上1/3美容手术的主要切口.     

剖宫产术后腹壁切口愈合不良的原因

随着我国科技的快速发展以及社会因素、剖宫产手术技术的提高,广大的孕妇对于剖宫产分娩出来胎儿的方法已普遍接受。随着剖宫产率的增高,人们关注的重点反而不是剖宫产,而是在剖宫产后相关并发症,这其中主要是剖宫产术后腹壁切口愈合不良,主要的症状有切口脂肪液化、切口裂开、切口感染等,这些并发症的产生对孕妇及其家属的精神上、身体上、工作上以及经济上都造成了不同程度的损害。如果并发症发生严重情况,甚至会对产妇的生命造成威胁。与此同时,产科的医生所受到的压力也增加起来,而且病床周转率也随之降低。笔者根据本院一些临床实例对剖宫产术后腹壁切口愈合不良的原因进行分析,以此为临床提供能够有效预防与控制剖宫产术后腹壁切口愈合不良以及对愈合不良切口的处理方法。     

胸骨后甲状腺肿的诊断与外科治疗(综述)

胸骨后甲状腺肿是最常见的上纵隔占位性病变。胸骨后甲状腺肿多是因胚胎时期甲状腺异常生长发育而导致的位置及形态的异常,一般位于气管和胸骨间的前上纵隔处生长,部分可生长于咽后间隙。由于其恶变可能性大,且压迫症状影响器官功能,一旦发现通常采取手术治疗。目前大多数主要采用低领式切口路径切除胸骨后甲状腺。胸骨后甲状腺的诊断及治疗并不复杂,如何早期发现疾病,把握不同手术适应证是我们主要探讨的问题。     

A型肉毒素内括约肌侧方注射+病灶扇形小切口切扩引流术治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ期肛裂的临床研究

目的评价A型肉毒素内括约肌侧方注射+病灶扇形小切口切扩引流术治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ期肛裂的安全性和有效性,探索其手术操作步骤及要点,介绍一种治疗肛裂的新手术方式。方法采用随机、平行、对照的临床试验方法,将纳入病例随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组行A型肉毒素内括约肌侧方注射+病灶扇形小切口切扩引流术,对照组行肛裂切除扩创术加部分内括约肌侧方切断术。将2组安全性指标(包括肛门狭窄、肛门失禁、急性尿潴留、术后疼痛的发生及直肠肛管测压结果)和有效性指标(包括痊愈率、手术时间、切口创面愈合时间、切口愈合分级、切口愈合后瘢痕面积大小)进行比较。结果 2组均无肛门狭窄和急性尿潴留发生;对照组肛门失禁评分高于试验组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组术后(术后24 h、术后第1次排便及术后1周)疼痛评分明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。术前、术后直肠肛管测压结果 2组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组痊愈率高于对照组(P<0.05),手术时间及切口创面愈合时间均明显短于对照组(P<0.01),切口愈合优于对照组(P<0.05),切口愈合后瘢痕面积小于对照组(P<0.01)。结论 A型肉毒素内括约肌侧方注射+病灶扇形小切口切扩引流术具有治愈率高、切口愈合时间短、切口愈合后瘢痕面积小、操作快捷、手术微创化等优点;且在肛门外形和功能保护方面优于对照组,本术式具有较好的临床疗效和安全性。     

经颈胸腹三切口行食管癌切除术的配合体会

食管癌是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一,手术是食管癌的首选.有作者报道,胸段食管癌采取右侧开胸,颈、胸、腹三切口的"三野"清扫术,能明显提高食管癌的远期疗效[1].我院2009—2011年6月对32例食管癌患者采取该术式,由于该手术时间较长,要求护士准备充分,术中配合熟练,精力集中,反应敏捷,以保证手术安全和顺利,现将体会介绍如下.     

腋前弧形切口结合环皮片周围打包压迫法预防腋臭术后伤口皮肤坏死

目的:探讨腋前弧形切口结合环皮片周围打包压迫法预防腋臭术后皮肤坏死的临床疗效。方法:采用腋前手术切口,术后环手术区域皮片周围打包加压固定。结果:52例患者中,51例伤口无积液,无裂开,愈合良好。1例患者切口皮肤有点状黑痂,经局部换药后3天痊愈。均获随访1~3个月,无异味,伤口开裂,无瘢痕形成,肢体活动无异常。结论:腋前弧形切口结合环皮片周围打包压迫方法是预防腋臭术后伤口皮肤坏死的一种良好方式,值得临床推广应用。     

A modified approach for eminectomy for temporomandibular joint dislocation under local anaesthesia: report on a series of 50 patients

Conventional eminectomy for habitual dislocation of the temporomandibular joint is usually performed under general anaesthesia. This technique was modified for use under local anaesthesia to treat medically compromised patients. Fifty elderly patients (90 joints) were treated, for whom general anaesthesia was considered a serious risk due to systemic diseases; the dislocation was habitual in 39 and long-standing in 11. Following intravenous sedation and local anaesthesia, a 2-cm superficial vertical skin incision was made directly above the articular eminence. Careful and gentle dissection of the subcutaneous tissue was performed until the lateral joint capsule was exposed. The superior compartment was entered, followed by shaving of the articular eminence in a conventional manner. The surgery was successful in all patients, with a mean operative time of 47 ± 12 minutes. Intraoperative events occurred in 10 patients (20%). Postoperative complications affected 25 patients (50%), varying from severe (two deaths, due to cardiopulmonary arrest and accidental fall) to mild (local infection, etc.). Eleven patients (22%) had facial nerve palsy limited to the temporal branch; all recovered after 6 months. This approach is useful when general anaesthesia is contraindicated due to existing medical conditions. However, prudent consideration may be required to avoid serious complications when local anaesthesia is used.     

口腔鳞癌颈淋巴清扫术并发症的临床分析

目的:探讨头颈部鳞癌以改良Schobinger切口行颈淋巴清扫术的术后并发症发病率及防治方法。方法:回顾性分析1994-01-01—2012-12-31期间收治的,原发口腔鳞状细胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)并采用改良Schobinger切口行颈淋巴清扫术的,429例患者临床资料,对其术后并发症进行回顾性分析总结。结果:429例患者术后并发症发生率为16.55%,其中术后最常见的并发症是涎瘘(6.29%),其次为面神经下颌缘支神经损伤(3.96%)。围手术期无死亡病例,无重大神经、血管并发症发生。结论:基于本文统计数据分析,口腔鳞癌颈清术后的常见并发症为涎瘘(6.29%)和面神经下颌缘支神经损伤(3.96%);改良Schobinger切口适用于口腔鳞癌颈淋巴结清扫术;围手术期采取预防措施可降低颈淋巴结清扫术的术后并发症发生。     

生理盐水冲洗会阴侧切口的临床效果观察

目的 探讨应用生理盐水对预防会阴侧切口感染的效果.方法 将120例会阴侧切分娩的产妇,随机分为观察组和对照组,各60例.观察组采用生理盐水冲洗会阴切口,对照组采用0.5%碘伏溶液冲洗会阴切口.观察两组产妇会阴侧切口愈合情况.结果 两组会阴侧切口愈合效果比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论 生理盐水冲洗会阴侧切口用于预防会阴切口感染有效、简便易行、经济安全.     

Viscoless Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery with Trabeculectomy

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of combined manual small incision cataract and glaucoma surgery with anterior chamber maintainer (ACM) alone versus that with intraoperative viscoelastics. Methods: Hospital electronic medical records of patients who underwent small incision cataract and trabeculectomy and intraocular lens implantation without Mitomycin-C from 2014 to 2016 were identified from the hospital operation theater database for this retrospective, hospital-based comparative study. All MSICS surgeries were performed by a single surgeon under peribulbar block. Data retrieved from all patients undergoing surgery with viscoelastic (group 2) or under AC maintainer without viscoelastic (group 1) included preoperative visual acuity, preoperative treated intraocular pressure, number of anti-glaucoma medications before surgery, total surgical time, intraoperative complications, postoperative best-corrected visual acuity and IOP at one week and one month, need for additional procedures, and corneal clarity. Differences in surgical time and postoperative course in both groups were compared. Results: Of 268 manual combined cataract and glaucoma surgeries done from 2014–2016, we identified 147 eyes of 130 age-matched patients, which included 51 PACG, 50 POAG, 12 NTG, and 24 PXG eyes with a mean age of 66 ±11.2 years and 64± 10.8 years in group 2 (n=74) and group 1 (n=73), respectively; p=0.9. The surgical time was significantly lower in group 1 (16±4.8 minutes compared to 44±14.6 minutes for group 2; p<0.001) with transient edema seen <1 week after surgery in 24 eyes of group 2 and seven eyes of group 1; p=0.02. The postoperative IOP at all postoperative visits dropped to >50% in both groups with 11 eyes (PXG n=6, PACG n=5) requiring medications for rise in intraocular pressure at a median time of 1.2 months (r=0.2–3 months). The final visual acuity improved >4 snellen lines in all cases with two patients with advanced damage having 1 line improvement in Snellen acuity at final follow-up. Conclusion: The ACM can help completely avoid the use of viscoelastic during surgery, which can be an effective technique for MSICS with trabeculectomy in low resource stings. Training for such procedures should be incorporated into residency training programs.