上海市市区婴儿环境烟草烟雾暴露的现况调查

目的了解上海市市区目前婴儿的环境烟草烟雾(ETS)暴露情况和婴儿父亲在其妻子怀孕期间吸烟行为的变化。方法在2005年6月—2006年8月期间,通过采用整群抽样的方法,从上海市遵义、斜土和田林3个社区中抽取所有在研究当时为5～8月龄婴儿(包括户籍和非户籍人口)的母亲为研究对象,通过调查员询问和自填2种方式进行问卷调查。采用SPSS11.5统计软件对资料进行单因素统计分析。结果38.2%的婴儿母亲在孕期有ETS暴露,其被动吸烟率为24.8%;21.3%的婴儿在出生后有ETS暴露,其被动吸烟率为11.2%。母亲孕期被动吸烟与家中同住状态和母亲孕期的工作状态有关,ETS暴露来源以同事、丈夫、朋友和陌生人为主,暴露场所以家里和工作场所为主;婴儿出生后被动吸烟与其母亲文化程度有关,ETS暴露来源主要是婴儿父亲,暴露场所以家中最高。婴儿父亲在其妻子整个怀孕期间的吸烟行为改变率为38.3%,19.1%的父亲减少烟量,19.7%戒烟,12.8%完全戒烟。结论婴儿父亲们开始意识到ETS暴露对胎儿健康的影响,在妻子怀孕期间自发地进行吸烟行为改变,提示孕期可能是婴儿和孕妇ETS暴露干预的最佳时期。工作场所也是母亲孕期ETS暴露的重要场所,在工作环境控烟应成为干预孕期ETS暴露的重要措施。     

吸烟大学生体力活动与烟草依赖相关分析

目的:分析大学生体力活动水平与烟草依赖性之间的相关性,探讨不同体力活动水平对大学生烟草依赖性的影响.方法:以133名吸烟男性大学生为研究对象,运用国际体力活动问卷(IPAQ)和尼古丁依赖检验量表(FTND)等测量工具,分别评估体力活动水平和烟草依赖程度.采用Spearman相关分析的方法检验体力活动与烟草依赖的相关性,...     

控烟立法对不同公共场所室内空气PM2.5浓度的影响

目的 了解花都区不同公共场所室内空气PM2.5浓度水平,评估《广州市控制吸烟条例》(以下简称《条例》)的实施效果,为进一步制定控烟政策提供依据.方法 采用随机抽样方法抽取医院、机关窗口单位、餐馆、宾馆4类共计40家公共场所,使用Sidepak AM510个体型气溶胶监测仪对调查对象进行室内空气PM2.5浓度监测,并通过SPSS19.0软件及配对t检验统计方法对数据进行整理与分析.结果 《条例》实施前后,医院候诊大厅和机关窗口单位大厅PM2.5浓度变化均无统计学意义(t分别为1.5、0.28,P＞0.05),餐馆大厅(t=2.29,P＜0.05)和宾馆大堂(t=2.55,P＜0.05)在《条例》实施前后有变化,实施前的监测数据明显高于实施后的监测数据.结论 控烟立法对花都区医院候诊大厅和机关窗口单位大厅PM2.5浓度水平均无明显影响,而对餐馆大厅和宾馆大堂PM2.5浓度水平有明显影响,但餐馆大厅仍然污染较为严重,应加强对这类公共场所的监管,保护公众健康,并把公共场所室内空气PM2.5浓度标准列入控烟立法,作为执法处罚依据.     

体外染烟对V79细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的研究体外香烟烟雾对V79细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法将V79细胞分为对照组、5%浓度组和20%浓度组进行染烟实验。染烟后检测细胞内ROS水平、细胞增殖活性、细胞周期及凋亡情况。结果5%浓度和20%浓度染烟组与对照组相比,V79细胞ROS水平均明显升高,且20%浓度组与5%浓度组相比ROS也明显升高,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。5%浓度和20%浓度染烟组与对照组相比,细胞增殖率、克隆率明显降低;G1期细胞百分比明显升高,G2期和S期细胞明显减少,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。20%浓度染烟组分别与对照组和5%浓度染烟组相比,细胞凋亡率均明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论香烟烟雾可能刺激了V79细胞内ROS的增多,影响细胞增殖和凋亡率。     

非吸烟烟草对BALB/3T3 A31—1—13细胞的转化活性

用体外细胞转化系统对嚼烟与含烟抽提物的转化活性进行了研究,发现两种烟草的抽提物均可使 BALB/3T3细胞发生形态学转化。酸化后的含烟抽提物和亚硝化后的嚼烟抽提物的转化活性高于未酸化或未亚硝化者。从转化集落分离出来的细胞具有肿瘤转化的某些特征,如细胞生长的接触抑制消失,饱和密度增高,获得锚独立性,细胞能在软琼脂上生长,形成克隆。本研究结果提示非吸烟烟草对使用者可能具有致癌危害作用.     

60家医院创建无烟医院对医生控烟知识态度行为的影响

目的：通过创建无烟医院活动,了解医生的吸烟状况和控烟知识、态度与行为,并对干预效果进行评价。方法：在北京、上海、广州选择60家医院创建无烟医院,对全院医生开展控烟干预,在干预前对19580名医生、干预后对20772名医生进行问卷调查,了解医生的吸烟状况和控烟知识、态度与行为的变化。结果：通过一年的控烟干预,医生吸烟率由...     

Exposure to Tobacco Retail Outlets and Smoking Initiation among New York City Adolescents

This study was designed to estimate the relationship between exposure to tobacco retail outlets and smoking initiation in a racially diverse urban setting. Using data from the 2011 NYC Youth Risk Behavior Survey, multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the exposure–initiation relationship and test for effect modification, while controlling for covariates. The predicted probability of smoking initiation from the multivariable model increased from 7.7 % for zero times a week exposed to tobacco retailers to 16.0 % for exposure seven times or more per week. The odds of initiation were significantly higher among adolescents exposed to tobacco retail outlets two times or more a week compared with those exposed less often (AOR = 1.41; 95 % CI: 1.08, 1.84). Risk-taking behavior modified the relationship between exposure and initiation, with the odds of initiation highest among those low in risk-taking (AOR = 1.78; 95 % CI: 1.14, 1.56). These results are consistent with past research, showing that frequent exposure to tobacco marketing in retail settings is associated with increased odds of initiation. Reducing exposure to tobacco retail marketing could play an important role in curtailing smoking among adolescents, especially those less prone to risk-taking.     

SMOKELESS TOBACCO USE AMONG ADULTS IN THE NORTHERN PROVINCE OF SOUTH AFRICA: QUALITATIVE DATA FROM FOCUS GROUPS

The aim of this study was to investigate perceptions on the use of smokeless tobacco in the Northern Province, South Africa. Ten focus groups were conducted in 1999 with two heterogeneous groups (5 with middle-aged and 5 with the aged). They were mainly Northern Sotho speaking. From 72 participants 16 women and 8 men admitted to using snuff. The most popular types of smokeless tobacco used were homemade snuff and only a few used ‘commercial” snuff. The basic ingredients for homemade snuff were tobacco and other plant leaves. Snuff was found to have important functions and to be socially acceptable in the groups studied mainly for ceremonial and medicinal use and to a lesser degree for relaxation and pleasure. Generally, positive and medicinal effects were noted for snuff use. Most participants agreed that it is addictive, but only a few acknowledged the negative effects in terms of causing cancer.     

The renewal of gingival epithelium in marmosets (Callithrix Jacchus) as determined through autoradiography with thymidine-H3

Abstract

Aim. To investigate selected lifestyle factors in relation to active caries and restored root surface lesions in adults. Materials and methods. Based on clinical examinations and questionnaires, data on root caries, socioeconomic status, body mass index, dietary habits, alcohol consumption, tobacco use and oral hygiene routines were collected from 4369 adults aged 21–89 who took part in a survey covering 13 municipalities across Denmark. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to analyse the relationship between the independent lifestyle variables and active caries and restored root surface lesions, respectively. Results. The prevalence of active root caries was 4%, while 26% displayed restored root surfaces. The sugar intake was not related to root caries. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that, in subjects aged 45 or over, smoking and wearing dentures were significantly associated with presence of active root caries (p < 0.01). The intake of 15 drinks or more per week was associated with higher odds of root surface restorations compared with no alcohol intake (OR = 1.7; p < 0.001). Conclusions. Lifestyle factors such as tobacco use and alcohol consumption, as well as wearing dentures, were significantly associated with the occurrence of untreated caries and restored root surface lesions, especially in persons over 45. Thus, such lifestyle factors should be taken into consideration, identifying persons with a need of preventive dental services. In addition, oral health education should focus on the possible risks of smoking and a high alcohol intake.