彩色多普勒超声帧差伪像的成因与特征探讨

本文目的在于探讨超声帧差伪像的形成原因与声像图特征。通过分析医用超声诊断仪器所采用的设计模型与人体组织声学特性之间存在的矛盾、探头振元数与物理通道数之间的匹配关系、2D图像与彩色多普勒图像在显示屏上的“实时”复合方式,揭示出在图像复合显示过程中,因帧频不同而导致的人体解剖结构与血流信号在时间、空间上“错位”而导致的伪像,阐明它具有的必然性、复合性、隐蔽性、低关注度特点,为仪器设计开发和超声医生在工作中及时识别帧差伪像,减少误诊,提供思路。     

不同皮肤扩张方式对皮瓣的超微结构和回缩率的影响

目的研究反复快速扩张、单纯快速扩张及常规扩张对皮瓣的超微结构和回缩率的影响,以探讨适合于临床的最佳皮肤扩张方式。方法用兔制备动物模型,随机将动物分为反复快速扩张组(A组)、单纯快速扩张组(B组)、常规扩张组(C组)、植入不扩组(D组)和正常对照组(E组),扩张后分别维持1周、2周、3周、4周以及6周,透射电镜下观察扩张皮瓣超微结构的变化,分格测量法计算回缩率。结果透射电镜观察:维持扩张1周后,A、B、C三组的基底细胞胞质可见少量的表面张力细丝,基底膜部分断裂,成纤维细胞胞质内,有丰富的粗面内质网,线粒体数量明显增加,A组的细胞功能最为活跃;维持扩张4周后,A、B、C三组基底膜基本恢复,成纤维细胞胞质内,细胞器数量明显减少,线粒体大部分嵴或膜融合。回缩率比较:A、B、C及D组在相同扩张维持期,回缩率均高于E组;A、B、C组回缩率随时间延长均呈下降趋势;A、C组与B组比较,维持1、2、3和4周,回缩率均下降;A组与C组比较,维持1和2周,回缩率增加。结论采用反复快速扩张方式,能获取回缩率及质量相同的皮瓣,并可缩短疗程。     

pGL3-hTERT-tk/GCV对胃癌细胞的促凋亡作用

目的:探讨重组质粒pGL3hTERTtk/GCV对胃癌细胞的促调亡作用。方法：以基因工程方法构建重组质粒pGL3hTERTtk和相应的荧光报告质粒pGL3hTERTtkLuc+;脂质体LipofectamineTM2000瞬时转染胃癌细胞系SGC7901并用GCV干预,荧光显微镜观察细胞形态变化和转染效率,TUNEL标记和流式细胞术观察转染后胃癌细胞的凋亡;以上实验均以正常肝细胞L02为对照。结果：经鉴定,重组质粒pGL3hTERTtk中tk片段的长度为1 100 bp。荧光素酶标记的阳性、阴性对照及治疗报告质粒pGL3hTERTtkLuc+均能有效转染高表达端粒酶活性的胃癌细胞SGC7901,转染效率为(8.2±114)%。重组质粒转染胃癌细胞后与GCV共育4 d,细胞的凋亡率为(60.0±1.56)%;被pGL3hTERTtk转染的肿瘤细胞细胞周期发生了变化,处于细胞周期早期的细胞大量凋亡,早期凋亡率为（47.1±1.35）%。〖HT5W〗结论：〖HT5"SS〗pGL3hTERTtk/GCV对胃癌细胞有强烈的杀伤作用,但不影响正常细胞的生长,有潜在临床应用前景。     

Epidemiology of lacrosse injuries treated at the United States emergency departments between 1997 and 2015

ABSTRACT

Lacrosse has gained substantial popularity across age groups in the past few decades, but epidemiologic sex differences of lacrosse injuries in emergency settings have not been well described. We characterized and described lacrosse-related injuries presenting to United States Emergency Departments (US EDs) using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). From 1997 to 2015, 7,587 lacrosse-related injuries were treated at US EDs (national estimate of 256,358 injuries). Males accounted for 75.5% of injuries. Average age was 16.0 ± 5.0 (range 5–71) years. Sprains/strains (25.4%), contusions/abrasions (23.9%), and fractures (18.7%) were the most common diagnoses. Females sustained a higher proportion of sprains/strains (36.0%) than males (21.9%) (p< 0.01), while males sustained a higher proportion of fractures (injury proportion ratios [IPR]; 21.3% vs. 10.8%, p< 0.01). Similar proportions of concussions were observed (IPR; 6.1% in males, 6.2% among females). Differences in injury patterns may be secondary to differences in rules and equipment between the two sports.     

Is 30-Day Mortality after Admission for Heart Failure an Appropriate Metric for Quality?

Background

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) model for publicly reporting national 30-day-risk-adjusted mortality rates for patients admitted with heart failure fails to include clinical variables known to impact total mortality or take into consideration the culture of end-of-life care. We sought to determine if those variables were related to the 30-day mortality of heart failure patients at Geisinger Medical Center.

A safeguard eliminates T cell receptor gene-modified autoreactive T cells after adoptive transfer

By transfer of T cell receptor (TCR) genes, antigen specificity of T cells can be redirected to target any antigen. Adoptive transfer of TCR-redirected T cells into patients has shown promising results. However, this immunotherapy bears the risk of autoreactive side effects if the TCR recognizes antigens on self-tissue. Here, we introduce a safeguard based on a TCR-intrinsic depletion mechanism to eliminate autoreactive TCR-redirected T cells in vivo. By the introduction of a 10-aa tag of the human c-myc protein into murine (OT-I, P14) and human (gp100) TCR sequences, we were able to deplete T cells that were transduced with these myc-tagged TCRs with a tag-specific antibody in vitro. T cells transduced with the modified TCR maintained equal properties compared with cells transduced with the wild-type receptor concerning antigen binding and effector function. More importantly, therapeutic in vivo depletion of adoptively transferred T cells rescued mice showing severe signs of autoimmune insulitis from lethal diabetes. This safeguard allows termination of adoptive therapy in case of severe side effects.     

Suicidal bupropion ingestions in adolescents: increased morbidity compared with other antidepressants

Objective: Bupropion is often categorized as a newer generation antidepressant and assessed with serotonin reuptake inhibitors as a lower risk than older tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). The objective of this study was to compare outcomes in adolescent suicide from ingestions between bupropion and TCA medications.

Study design: An analysis of the National Poison Data System for exposures coded “suspected suicide” in adolescents (age: 13–19) was undertaken for the years 2013–2016 and included TCAs or bupropion. We compared clinical effects, therapies and medical outcomes.

Results: Over the four-year period there were 2253 bupropion and 1496 TCA adolescent suspected suicide calls. There was a significant linear increase in bupropion ingestions over the four years. Across all years, there were on average 189.2 (95% CI: 58.1–320.4; p?=?.01) more ingestions of bupropion than TCA. When comparing bupropion to a TCA, ingestions of bupropion were significantly more likely to be accompanied by seizure (30.7% vs 3.9%; p?p?p?p?p?Conclusions: Adolescents who overdose on a single medication in a suicide attempt with bupropion have a statistically significant higher incidence of major outcomes and seizures. The risks of bupropion as a potential means of suicidal gesture by overdose must be considered, and weighed against its benefits and side effect profile when choosing an appropriate agent for the treatment of depression in adolescents.     

Suicide in Nigeria: observations from the content analysis of newspapers

BackgroundSuicide is a global public health problem and Nigeria is one of the epicentres of suicide in the world. However, there is a dearth of research exploring the epidemiological aspects of suicide in Nigeria.AimTo examine the demographic information and precipitating events for suicides in Nigeria by analysing the contents of newspaper reports of suicide.MethodsWe searched, collected, and analysed published news reports about suicide from 10 English newspapers in Nigeria. A total of 350 suicide reports were assessed between January 2010 and December 2019 after screening and sorting.ResultsThe mean (SD) age of the reported cases was 36.33 (15.48) years. Majority of the reported cases were male (80.6%), married (51.8%), students (33.6%), living in a semi-urban area (40.3%) and among the age group of 25–34 (25.3%). Hanging (48.6%) and poisoning (32.2%) were the most commonly reported methods of suicide. Financial constraints and marital conflicts were most commonly assumed precipitating factors.ConclusionThis study suggests that being male, married, or living in semi-urban areas are associated with suicide in Nigeria. Further community-based studies are warranted to generalise the findings and adopt appropriate preventive strategies.     

Development of a protocol for assessment of suicide risk in patients with head and neck cancer

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the 7^th most prevalent cancer globally, with an increasing incidence in recent years which is expected to continue. For many patients, the experience of receiving a diagnosis of HNC and subsequent treatment is disturbing and traumatic. Evidence suggests that HNC patients have a significantly increased risk of suicide compared with other cancer patients and the general population. Multiple social and medical factors may increase suicide risk in an individual, and include smoking and alcohol misuse. Given the elevated rate of suicide among HNC patients it is prudent to routinely assess patients for suicidal ideation to prevent unnecessary deaths by suicide. However, to the authors’ knowledge, such assessments are not undertaken in most centres. This article describes the development of a suicide risk assessment protocol proposed for use in HNC patients in a major University Teaching Hospital in Leeds. The basic structure of this protocol could easily be adopted to other centres.     

胃癌病人自杀干预研究进展

对胃癌病人自杀的高危因素及其干预措施的研究进展进行综述,以期引起医护人员对胃癌病人心理健康的关注,尤其是对有自杀倾向的病人,采取针对性的干预防范措施以减少自杀等不良事件的发生。建议护理科研人员能尽早制定适用于胃癌等恶性肿瘤病人的自杀评估量表;同时建议护理科研人员对胃癌病人的自杀情况进行更深入的研究,从而为自杀干预提供更多参考资料。