S-F内固定器治疗胸腰椎爆裂型骨折

目的　探讨使用S -F脊柱内固定器治疗胸腰椎爆裂型骨折的效果。方法　回顾分析从 2 0 0 0年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 4月使用S-F脊柱内固定器治疗的胸腰椎爆裂型骨折 4 4例 ,比较手术前后的椎体前后缘高度 ,椎管狭窄程度 ,Cobb角及症状恢复情况。结果　经平均 2年左右的随访 ,术后椎体前缘平均高度达正常的 93 8%± 6 2 7% ,较术前增加了 4 2 5 3%。椎体后缘平均高度达到正常的 97 5 9%± 0 0 3% ,较术前增加了 1 6 5 2 %。脊柱后凸Cobb为 4 98°± 3 32°。较术前矫正了 1 4 6 8°。CT片显示椎体后突骨块占椎管前后径的比例为 9 5 9%± 7 2 1 % ,较术前减少 2 7 71 %。统计学分析差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。有神经功能损伤者 ,术后平均改进一级以上。在术后二周与术后一年以上的X线片相比较其椎体前缘的高度平均仅丢失 1 0 % ,椎体后缘的高度平均丢失 0 8% ,Cobb角平均丢失 0 1°。结论　使用S -F脊柱内固定器治疗胸腰椎爆裂型骨折具有操作简单、复位完美、固定牢靠、疗效优良的优点。术中注意不宜过度撑开及双侧不对称 ,对椎板减压者宜作“H”型椎板后路植骨 ,横突间、关节突间植骨融合将提高疗效、减少并发症     

颈前路植骨钢板内固定治疗创伤性枢椎前滑移

目的 评价C2、C3椎体间植骨、钢板内固定治疗创伤性枢椎前滑移的临床价值。方法 8例创伤性枢椎前滑移患行颈前路手术复位、椎间盘切除减压、自体髂骨植骨、钢板内固定术，平均随访1年，观察患术后颈椎生理高度、曲度重建和颈椎稳定性、运动情况。结果 8例患均获得完全的枢椎复位，C2、C3椎体在术后16周达到骨性融合，颈椎生理高度、曲度得以重建，旋转、屈伸功能良好，无钢板螺钉并发症。结论 颈前路钢板内固定是治疗创伤性枢椎前滑移的有效方法。     

胸椎黄韧带骨化症的外科治疗

目的探讨胸椎黄韧带骨化症的诊断与手术治疗方法，分析其手术时机、手术技巧、手术效果及并发症处理。方法回顾性总结56例患者的外科治疗过程，采用胸椎管后壁切除减压及侧后方入路，术中体感诱发电位监护。结果术后55例经随访1年以上，1例随访2个月。39例，良8例，可5例，差4例。结论胸椎黄韧带骨化所致的脊髓压迫症须早期手术治疗，可根据不同情况选择胸椎管后壁切除减压及侧后方入路的次环状减压的手术方式。     

Contrast on T2-weighted images of the lumbar spine using fast spin-echo and gated conventional spin-echo sequences

A prospective study in 31 patients was designed to compare contrast quantitatively using axial conventional, gated spin-echo T2-weighted (T2W) (SE) (asymmetrical echo TE 30 and 80 ms) and axial dual-echo fast spin-echo (FSE) sequences (TE_eff20 and 120 ms) to image lumbar discs, nerve roots, and cerebrospinal fluid CSF. We used two quantitative measures, percent (%) contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), to compare the sequences. The FSE sequence had greater % contrast and CNR on the first and second echo images for both disc and nerve root detection using these scan parameters. An axial FSE sequence, therefore, provided contrast characteristics similar to those of gated axial T2W SE sequence in the lumbar spine, with a 60% saving in acquisition time. The FSE sequence is now our standard axial T2W study for the lumbar spine.     

Various types of suprameatal spines and depressions in the human temporal bone

Since it covers the lateral wall of the mastoid air system, the suprameatal triangle is of importance to otologic surgeons during mastoidectomy. Because of this clinical importance, topographic anatomy of the suprameatal spine and depression was studied on Anatolian skulls. In all, 363 male and 231 female skulls were studied. The most prevalent type of suprameatal spine resembled a crest and was found in both sexes on the right (77.6%) and left (80%) sides. The absence of a suprameatal depression was significantly higher in females (right 9.1%; left 8.7%) than in males (right 1.7%; left 2.5%). Suprameatal depressions were mostly shallow in female subjects, but were mostly observed in males to be at a medium depth or deep. Received: 5 January 1998 / Accepted: 19 March 1998     

Reproducibility of lateral spine scans using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

Summary Reproducibility of lateral spine dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (LAT DEXA) scans using a Lunar DPX-L scanner was assessed in a cadaveric phantom and in patients. One hundred phantom measurements over 7 months demonstrated a longitudinal stability of 1.7% (coefficient of variation, CV). Additional scans were performed with the phantom rotated by up to 20° in each of the three orthogonal planes to assess the effects of variable patient positioning. Horizontal and vertical rotation of the spine had little effect on the estimated bone mineral density (BMD), however, axial rotation of greater than 8° led to errors in the BMD measurement. One hundred consecutive patients had two lateral scans performed within 1 month. BMD (range 0.10–1.6 g/cm²) was determined for each scan by one operator. Significant overlap from ribs and pelvis was often seen with L2 and L4 vertebrae but one vertebra (L3) could be measured in every case. Intraoperator and interoperator variability was assessed by three experienced operators, each analyzing 10 patients' scans on five separate occasions, and was found to be less than 1.1% for a single vertebra. BMD estimation of vertebral bodies and midslices by lateral DEXA scans (CV% of 3.8% and 4.6%) have a 95% confidence interval of 0.074 g/cm² and 0.096 g/cm², respectively for two vertebrae. This variability is due mainly to axial rotation, with operator variability, horizontal rotation, and vertical rotation having little effect on BMD estimation.     

腰椎间盘术后椎间盘炎的诊治

目的：探讨腰椎间盘术后椎间盘炎的病因。早期诊断和治疗问题。方法：分析10例术后腰椎间盘炎的临床表现、血象、血流变化、血和病灶细菌培养、腰椎X线平片、CT、MRI所见在发病后的敏感程度，比较3例非手术与7例经前路腹膜后（2例联合后入路）病灶清除，一期椎间植骨融合本治疗的效果。结果：不同程度的发热、痉挛性腰痛、血流增快是本病的特点。MRI、CF、X线片三者的诊断敏感性存在时间差，分别约为发病后1、3、5周。仅2例血和病灶细菌培养均阳性。前路减压植骨融合术减少全身性抗生素和镇痛剂的使用量，明显缩短病程。结论：ESR、MRI对早期确诊、引导手术价值较高。高热、痉挛性腰痛、血沉增快三者具一持续2周得不到控制，可考虑及早手术。手术疗法近期效果更为确切。     

Appearances of posterior osteophytes after sound anterior interbody fusion in the cervical spine: a high-definition computed myelographic study

Summary Whether posterior osteophytes in the cervical spine resorb after anterior interbody fusion is controversial. Previous studies have only used plain films. In order to study remodelling, a retrospective study of 53 patients using high-definition CT was performed. There was no evidence of remodelling or resorption of osteophytes and persistent osteophytes continued to deform the spinal cord for up to 12 years after fusion. The importance of this in relation to cervical spinal surgery is that every effort should be made to remove posterior osteophytes during anterior interbody fusion.