Cortisol Level Modulated by Integrative Meditation in a Dose‐dependent Fashion

Prior research has shown that an additional training session immediately after acute stress decreases release of salivary cortisol in a college student group trained with 5‐day integrative body–mind training (IBMT) in comparison with a control group given the same amount of relaxation training. However, 5 days of training does not influence the basal secretion of cortisol. The current study seeks to extend this finding and determine whether increasing amounts of IBMT will decrease the basal cortisol level, suggesting reduced stress to daily activities. Thirty‐four Chinese undergraduates were randomly assigned either to 4 weeks of IBMT or a relaxation control. Salivary cortisol levels at baseline before training and the three stages of a stress intervention test (i.e. rest, stress and additional 20‐min practice) after 2 and 4 weeks of training were assessed. The basal cortisol level decreased significantly in the IBMT but not in relaxation group after 2 and 4 weeks of training. An additional IBMT practice session immediately after acute stress produced significantly lower cortisol release for the IBMT group in comparison with relaxation at weeks 2 and 4. The results indicate that IBMT produces a change in the basal endocrine system and larger acute effects as the dose of training increases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

RCT of a promising vocational/employment program for high-risk juvenile offenders

Juvenile offenders with substance use problems are at high risk for deleterious long-term outcomes. This study evaluated the capacity of a promising vocational and employment training program in the building sector (i.e., Community Restitution Apprenticeship-Focused Training, CRAFT) to mitigate such outcomes through enhanced employment and education. Participants were 97 high-risk juvenile offenders (mean age = 15.8 years) randomized to CRAFT versus education as usual (EAU) intervention conditions. Multi-method procedures measured employment, education, substance use, mental health, and criminal outcomes through a 30-month post-baseline follow-up. CRAFT was significantly more effective than EAU at increasing rates of youth employment and GED attendance. Intervention effects were not observed, however, for months employed, hours worked, or hourly wage. Measures of youth substance use, mental health symptoms, and criminal activity showed no favorable or iatrogenic effects. The potential of CRAFT was modestly supported, and suggestions were made for future research.     

儿童感觉统合能力影响因素研究

目的研究感觉统合失调与儿童成长的社会化环境的关系,为保障儿童身心健康、早期预防儿童感觉统合失调提供理论依据。方法研究问卷采用《儿童感觉统合能力发展评定量表》、《影响因素调查问卷》。结果感觉统合的发生以轻度为主要发生类型,被调查儿童感觉统合失调检出率为41.23%;儿童出生分娩方式差异、家庭结构不同、亲子关系、家庭气氛情况、沟通方式差异、是否打骂孩子等儿童之间感觉统合失调情况差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论感觉统合失调与儿童成长的社会化环境有一定关系,对于儿童来说,亲子关系亲密、家庭气氛愉快、轻松,对孩子教育不打骂,以讲道理为主,良好的家庭环境成长氛围,这些都可以有效预防儿童感觉统合失调的发生。     

A Nontraditional Faculty Development Initiative Using a Social Media Platform

Objective. To assess the outcomes from an 11-year nontraditional professional development activity implemented by female faculty members at several colleges and schools of pharmacy.Design. Within the context of an online fantasy football league, faculty members practiced community-based faculty development strategies, including peer mentoring, skills development, constructive feedback and other supportive behaviors.Assessment. Data were extracted from curriculum vitae to characterize the academic progress of participants and to quantify scholarly work collaborations among league members. Analyses were limited to members who had participated in the league for 10 or more consecutive years. Seventy-one collaborative scholarly works occurred among team managers, including presentation of 20 posters and 2 oral presentations at national or international meetings, publication of 29 peer-reviewed articles and 15 book chapters, and funding of 5 research projects.Conclusion. Social media platforms can foster nontraditional faculty development and mentoring by enhancing connectivity between pharmacy educators who share similar interests.     

Modafinil combined with cognitive training is associated with improved learning in healthy volunteers – A randomised controlled trial

Improving cognition in people with neuropsychiatric disorders remains a major clinical target. By themselves pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches have shown only modest effects in improving cognition. In the present study we tested a recently-proposed methodology to combine CT with a ‘cognitive-enhancing’ drug to improve cognitive test scores and expanded on previous approaches by delivering combination drug and CT, over a long intervention of repeated sessions, and used multiple tasks to reveal the cognitive processes being enhanced. We also aimed to determine whether gains from this combination approach generalised to untrained tests. In this proof of principle randomised-controlled trial thirty-three healthy volunteers were randomised to receive either modafinil or placebo combined with daily cognitive training over two weeks. Volunteers were trained on tasks of new-language learning, working memory and verbal learning following 200 mg modafinil or placebo for ten days. Improvements in trained and untrained tasks were measured. Rate of new-language learning was significantly enhanced with modafinil, and effects were greatest over the first five sessions. Modafinil improved within-day learning rather than between-day retention. No enhancement of gains with modafinil was observed in working memory nor rate of verbal learning. Gains in all tasks were retained post drug-administration, but transfer effects to broad cognitive abilities were not seen. This study shows that combining CT with modafinil specifically elevates learning over early training sessions compared to CT with placebo and provides a proof of principle experimental paradigm for pharmacological enhancement of cognitive remediation.     

基于职业岗位的高职药学人才培养方案的课程构建

目的通过调研药学专业毕业生的职业岗位任务,探索高职药学人才培养方案。方法调研高职药学生的就业岗位,分析执行工作任务时所必须具备的专业知识、能力和素质,制定以职业岗位导向的人才培养方案。结果结合职业岗位制定实用性人才培养方案。结论制定切合职业岗位的人才培养方案,更好地提高高职药学专业人才培养质量。     

盆底肌锻炼对老年前列腺电切术后暂时性尿失禁的影响

目的探讨盆底肌锻炼对老年前列腺汽化电切术后暂时性尿失禁的影响。方法将60例老年前列腺汽化电切患者随机分为实验组和对照组各30例,两组按老年前列腺汽化电切术后护理常规进行护理,实验组在此基础上实施盆底肌锻练,术后3个月评价患者排尿功能情况,比较两组术后尿频、尿急、尿失禁发生率。结果实验组术后发生尿频1例（4％）,尿急2例（7％）,尿失禁Ⅰ度4例（14％）、Ⅱ度2例（7％）;对照组术后发生尿频6例（20％）,尿急5例（17％）,尿失禁Ⅰ度9例（30％）、Ⅱ度4例（14％）、Ⅲ度1例（4％）;两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论盆底肌锻炼是一种简单、易行、有效的方法,能有效预防和降低术后尿失禁的发生,对缩短术后尿失禁的持续时间有积极的作用。     

神经外科就业实习护生的带教与培训

随着我国医药卫生体制改革的不断深化,临床护理逐渐从功能制转变为整体护理。作为即将进入工作岗位就业实习的护生来说,难以适应当前的岗位要求。神经外科是医院风险高发区域,因此要有针对性进行岗前培训。通过重视护生的入科宣教、合理安排带教、保证教学内容落到实处、注重提高带教水平、加强教师素质培养、组织小讲座、引导护生自主学习、培养护生观察、解决问题的能力及应急能力等方面的实施,使护生顺利完成实习与工作之间的衔接。