发育性髋关节发育不良的婴儿早期筛查与干预

目的：分析早期筛查与干预对发育性髋关节发育不良的影响及结果,为早期筛查与干预提供科学依据,从而降低发育性髋关节发育不良（DD H ）的致残率。方法对在本院进行健康体检的0～6月儿童通过高危筛查、临床筛查,对筛查异常并经超声确诊的髋关节发育异常儿童根据超声分型结果及患儿年龄制定不同的干预措施和治疗方案,并积极进行早期个体化干预和定期随访。结果通过早期筛查及干预措施,诊断为GrafⅡa的181个髋关节,有176个经过髋关节外展操转为正常,有5个通过Pavlik吊带转为正常;诊断为GrafⅡb的13个髋关节通过Pavlik吊带转为正常。结论早期筛查及干预可以促使绝大多数发育异常的髋关节向正常的髋关节结构转化,具有重要的经济意义与社会意义,应在儿童保健中广泛开展。     

气相色谱-质谱联用检测尿液8种有机酸实验室间质量的调查

目的评价2018年遗传代谢病气相色谱-质谱联用检测尿液有机酸实验室间质量调查结果,以改进和提高新生儿遗传代谢病筛查或相关实验室气相色谱-质谱联用检测质量。方法 2018年3月向全国19家开展气相色谱-质谱联用尿液有机酸检测的实验室发放2个批号质控尿液样品(批号201811和201812)。实验室自愿参加此次调查活动并按照规定格式上报结果、测定方法、仪器和试剂等相关信息。组织者用Clinet EQA程序和Microsoft Excel 2010等软件分析各实验室检测结果及检验前、检验中及检验后过程。结果实验室回报率为94.7%(18/19)。2个批号样品(批号201811和批号201812)的检测中,各参加实验室部分有机酸的检测结果相对稳定;相比高浓度而言,低浓度有机酸的检测水平相对较好。质控品稳定性检测结果显示,苯丙酮酸(稳健变异系数99.48%)和尿黑酸(稳健变异系数67.56%)的结果差异较大。结论相比高浓度,低浓度有机酸的检测水平相对较好;稳定性差的苯丙酮酸和尿黑酸不适合作为室间质量评价质控品,应选用更稳定的化合物作为质控品以评价实验室质量。     

运用PDCA循环法提高消化内科医护人员对病人营养风险筛查正确率的研究

目的:探讨通过PDCA循环法提高消化内科医护人员对病人进行营养风险筛查正确率中的应用效果。方法:应用PDCA循环法对消化内科医护人员进行相关知识培训,影响消化内科医护人员对于营养风险筛查的知信行,对培训前后医护人员营养风险筛查正确率进行比较。结果:改进后组医护人员营养风险认知率及正确率明显高于改进前组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:运用PDCA循环法可有效提高消化内科医护人员营养风险筛查的正确率,提高医护人员营养知识认知水平,减少感染及相关并发症的发生,使病人治疗质量得到保障。     

清远地区新生儿珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血筛查结果分析

目的分析清远地区新生儿珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血(简称地贫)筛查和基因诊断情况,为早期治疗和遗传咨询等干预措施及地贫防治政策的制定提供依据。方法应用法国Sebia Capillarys全自动毛细管电泳仪对2015年5月至2016年3月清远地区出生的新生儿进行滤纸干血斑血红蛋白成分分析,初筛阳性者召回抽静脉血应用裂口-聚合酶链式反应(Gap-PCR)和聚合酶链反应(PCR)结合反向点杂交技术进行地贫基因确诊。结果 1 056例初筛阳性者标本中共检出地贫908例,符合率为85.90%。α-地贫确诊符合率为95.05%(691/727),β地贫确诊符合率为65.00%(208/320),α-地贫筛查符合率显著高于β地贫,筛查为HbE的13例新生儿中共召回9例,全部确诊为HbE杂合子,筛查符合率100.00%。确诊为α-地贫650例,检出率为61.60%,其中静止型210例(19.90%)、标准型408例(38.60%)、血红蛋白H病32例(3.00%);检出β地贫204例,检出率为19.30%;α-地贫复合β地贫41例(3.90%),重型β地贫4例(0.35%),异常血红蛋白9例(0.85%)。结论通过新生儿滤纸干血斑进行血红蛋白成分分析可有效筛查出地贫患儿,值得推广应用,清远地区属于地贫高发区,在该地区开展新生儿地贫筛查很有必要,从而提高出生人口素质。     

丙型肝炎病毒核心抗原检测在丙型肝炎筛检中的应用

目的探讨丙型肝炎病毒核心抗原(HCV-cAg)对丙型肝炎(简称丙肝)筛查的意义。方法收集2014年10月至2015年10月8 000例门诊及住院患者,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测HCV-cAg、丙型肝炎病毒抗体(HCV-Ab),并对HCVcAg或HCV-Ab阳性标本采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)法检测HCV-RNA进行确诊。结果以HCV-cAg或HCV-Ab阳性为标准,从8 000例血清样本中初步筛查出阳性样本82例,经HCV-RNA确证,其中HCV-RNA阳性73例,阴性9例,HCV-cAg的灵敏度及特异度分别为45.83%和99.98%,HCV-Ab的灵敏度及特异度分别为94.44%和99.90%,联合检测HCV-cAg与HCV-Ab的灵敏度及特异度分别为100.00%和99.86%。结论在丙肝筛检工作中,HCV-cAg与HCV-Ab二者有互补性,联合检测HCV-cAg与HCV-Ab有助于提高HCV筛查率。     

Taking a Better History for Behavioral Issues Pre‐ and Post‐Deep Brain Stimulation: Issues Missed by Standardized Scales

Objectives: To screen for potentially underreported behavioral changes in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) pre‐ and post‐deep brain stimulation (DBS), a retrospective data base review was performed. Methods: In total, 113 patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral DBS at the University of Florida in either subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus internus for PD were screened for behavioral issues by asking about the presence or absence of seven neuropsychiatric symptoms (panic, fear, paranoia, anger, suicidal flashes, crying, and laughing). Results: There was a high prevalence of fear (16.3%), panic (14.0%), and anger (11.6%) at baseline in this cohort. In the first six months following DBS implantation, anger (32.6%), fear (26.7%), and uncontrollable crying (26.7%) were the most frequent symptoms reported. Those symptoms also were present following six months of DBS surgery (30.2%, 29.1%, and 19.8%, respectively). New uncontrollable crying occurred more in the acute postoperative stage (less than or equal to six months) (p= 0.033), while new anger occurred more in the chronic postoperative stage (greater than six months) (p= 0.017). The frequency of uncontrollable laughing significantly increased with bilateral DBS (p= 0.033). Conclusions: Many of the neuropsychiatric issues were identified at preoperative baseline and their overall occurrence was more than expected. There was a potential for worsening of these issues post‐DBS. There were subtle differences in time course, and in unilateral vs. bilateral implantations. Clinicians should be aware of these potential behavioral issues that may emerge following DBS therapy, and should consider including screening questions in preoperative and postoperative interviews. Standardized scales may miss the presence or absence of these clinically relevant issues.     

基于数字眼底照相的脑小血管病临床初筛的应用探讨

目的 探讨数字眼底照相技术在脑小血管病临床初筛中的应用价值,为脑小血管病在基层社区临床 初筛提供依据。 方法 选取脑小血管病患者36例（72眼）为观察组,另选取30例（60眼）同期同年龄层非脑小血管病 的志愿者为对照组。比较两组一般资料、眼底血管改变和颈动脉斑块等情况。 结果 观察组眼底动静脉交叉征率（77.78% vs 23.33%）、眼底血管改变总发生率（88.89% vs 56.67%）、眼底动脉硬化3级比例（30.56% vs 0）均高于对照组（P <0.001,P =0.003,P =0.002）。 Logistic多元回归分析提示眼底动静脉交叉征是脑小血管病的重要危险因素[比值比（odds ratio,OR） 10.678,95%可信区间（confidence interval,CI ）2.943～38.742,P <0.001]。观察组中有眼底血管改变者 32例,无眼底血管改变者4例,有眼底血管改变者的颈动脉斑块发生率、颈动脉斑块数均较无眼底 血管改变者高（P =0.010,P =0.013）。 结论 本研究中半数以上脑小血管病患者出现眼底动静脉交叉征,数字眼底照相技术或可作为脑小 血管病在基层社区临床初筛常规手段之一。     

Flavin adenine dinucleotide synthase deficiency due to FLAD1 mutation presenting as multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency-like disease: A case report

Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD), also known as glutaric acidemia type II, is classically caused by a congenital defect in electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) or ETF dehydrogenase (ETFDH). Flavin adenine dinucleotide synthase (FADS) deficiency caused by mutations in FLAD1 was recently reported as a novel riboflavin metabolism disorder resembling MADD. Here, we describe a Japanese boy with FADS deficiency due to a novel mutation (p.R249*) in FLAD1. In the asymptomatic male infant born at full term, newborn screening showed positive results with elevated C5 and C14:1 acylcarnitine levels and an increased C14:1/C2 ratio. Biochemical studies were unremarkable except for lactic acidosis (pH 7.197, lactate 61 mg/dL). A diagnosis of MADD was suspected because of mild abnormalities of the acylcarnitine profile and apparent abnormalities of urinary organic acids, although mutations in the ETFA, ETFB, ETFDH, and riboflavin transporter genes (SLC52A1, SLC52A2, and SLC52A3) were not detected. Administration of riboflavin and L-carnitine was initiated at one month of age based on the diagnosis of “biochemical MADD” despite a lack of symptoms. Nevertheless, the acylcarnitine profile was not normalized. Symptoms resembling bulbar palsy, such as vocal cord paralysis and dyspnea with stridor, were present from 3 months of age. At 4 months of age, he became bedridden because of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy due to fulminant respiratory failure with aspiration pneumonia. At 2 years and 5 months of age, a homozygous c.745C > T (p.R249*) mutation in the FLAD1 gene was identified, confirming the diagnosis of FADS deficiency. His severe clinical course may be caused by this nonsense mutation associated with poor responsiveness to riboflavin. Persistent lactic acidosis and neuropathy, such as bulbar palsy, may be important for diagnosing FADS deficiency. Although the biochemical findings in FADS deficiency are similar to those in MADD, their clinical symptoms and severity may not be identical.     

A Screening Questionnaire for Asperger Syndrome and Other High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders in School Age Children

The high-functioning Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) is a 27-item checklist for completion by lay informants when assessing symptoms characteristic of Asperger syndrome and other high-functioning autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents with normal intelligence or mild mental retardation. Data for parent and teacher ratings in a clinical sample are presented along with various measures of reliability and validity. Optimal cutoff scores were estimated, using Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis. Findings indicate that the ASSQ is a useful brief screening device for the identification of autism spectrum disorders in clinical settings.     

Urine screening for patients with developmental disabilities detected a patient with creatine transporter deficiency due to a novel missense mutation in SLC6A8

Creatine transporter deficiency (CTD) is an example of X-linked intellectual disability syndromes, caused by mutations in SLC6A8 on Xq28. Although this is the second most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disabilities in Europe or America after Fragile X syndrome, information on the morbidity of this disease is limited in Japan. Using the HPLC screening method we have established recently, we examined samples of urine of 105 patients (73 males and 32 females) with developmental disabilities at our medical center. And we have found a family with three ID boys with a novel missense mutation in SLC6A8. This is the second report of a Japanese family case of CTD. A systematic diagnostic system of this syndrome should be established in Japan to enable us to estimate its frequency and treatment.